دانلود کتاب Ecotoxicology: Pesticides and beneficial organisms

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Front Matter....Pages i-xxxiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction....Pages 3-6
Issues associated with pesticide toxicology and arthropod natural enemies in the pre- and post-registration stages of chemical development....Pages 7-21
The initiative of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group on Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms....Pages 22-27
Reducing insecticide use in plant protection in Israel: policy and programmes....Pages 28-36
Pesticides and natural enemies: Malaysia perspectives....Pages 37-45
Can we achieve harmonization of regulatory requirements in Europe?....Pages 46-52
Front Matter....Pages 53-53
Introduction....Pages 55-68
Standard laboratory methods to test the side-effects of pesticides (initial and persistent) on Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)....Pages 71-79
Development and ring-testing of a standardized laboratory test for parasitic wasps, using the aphid-specific parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi ....Pages 80-88
Current status of a ring-tested method to determine pesticide effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory....Pages 89-97
Testing side-effects of pesticides on carabid beetles: a standardized method for testing ground-dwelling predators in the laboratory for registration purposes....Pages 98-106
Testing side effects of pesticides on spiders ( Pardosa spp.) in the laboratory....Pages 107-113
Two-step test system using the plant-dwelling non-target insect Coccinella septempunctata to generate data for registration of pesticides....Pages 114-122
Side-effects of pesticides on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): actual state of the laboratory method....Pages 123-136
Field studies with pesticides and non-target arthropods in orchards....Pages 139-147
Accuracy and efficiency of sequential pesticide testing protocols for phytoseiid mites....Pages 148-165
Using a sequential testing scheme under laboratory and field conditions with the bumble bee Bombus terrestris to evaluate the safety of different groups of insecticides....Pages 166-174
Testing effects of pesticides on adult carabid beetles in semi-field and field experiments....Pages 175-181
The value of large-scale field trials for determining the effects of pesticides on the non-target arthropod fauna of cereal crops....Pages 182-190
Comparing pesticide effects on beneficials in a sequential testing scheme....Pages 191-201
Front Matter....Pages 203-203
Introduction....Pages 205-209
Aims and consequences of regulatory risk management in Europe: a discussion....Pages 213-221
Effects of plant protection products on beneficial organisms: the current authorization procedure in Germany....Pages 222-231
Labelling and risk management strategies for pesticides and terrestrial non-target arthropods: a UK proposal....Pages 232-240
Pesticides and beneficial arthropods: an industry perspective....Pages 241-247
Honey bees in Europe: lessons for other terrestrial non-target arthropods....Pages 248-256
Risk assessment and management: is it working? An NGO Perspective....Pages 257-266
Comparative impact of insecticide treatments on beneficial invertebrates in conventional and integrated farming systems....Pages 267-276
Relative toxicity of pesticides to pest and beneficial insects in potato crops in Victoria, Australia....Pages 279-286
The cumulative effect on populations of linyphid spiders and carabid beetles of insecticide sprays applied to two consecutive winter wheat crops....Pages 287-291
The MAFF SCARAB project: seven years of pesticide side-effects research on arthropods....Pages 292-300
A dynamic risk assessment for beneficial insects in cereal canopies....Pages 301-310
Front Matter....Pages 311-311
Introduction....Pages 313-314
Implications of insecticide resistance for interactions between pests, natural enemies and pesticides....Pages 315-324
Approaches for extrapolating pesticide side-effects between arthropod species: how much do we know?....Pages 325-336
Application of pheromones: toxicological aspects, effects on beneficials and state of registration....Pages 337-347
The importance of the population perspective for the evaluation of side-effects of pesticides on beneficial species....Pages 348-359
Front Matter....Pages 361-361
Introduction....Pages 363-365
The Asian initiative in pesticides and beneficials testing....Pages 366-371
The impact of locust and grasshopper control on beneficial arthropods in West Africa....Pages 372-380
Front Matter....Pages 361-361
Impact of insecticides on herbivore-natural enemy communities in tropical rice ecosystems....Pages 381-403
Development of decision-making tools for vegetable farmers in Southeast Asia....Pages 404-409
Back Matter....Pages 411-428