دانلود کتاب EU Diplomatic Law (Oxford European Union Law Library)

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Cover Page\nHalf Title\nSeries Page\nTitle Page\nCopyright Page\nContents\nTable of Cases\nList of Abbreviations\nChapter 1 Introduction to EU Diplomacy andDiplomatic Law\n 1.1 The Essentials of Diplomacy\n 1.1.1 Why Do States Engage in Diplomatic Relations?\n 1.1.2 A Brief History of Diplomacy\n 1.1.2.1 The Origins of Diplomacy\n 1.1.2.2 Ad Hoc Missions\n 1.1.2.3 Permanent Missions\n 1.1.2.4 Codification\n 1.1.2.5 Key Developments\n 1.2 The EU as a Diplomatic Actor\n 1.2.1 Why Does the EU Engage in Diplomatic Relations?\n 1.2.2 A Brief History of EU Diplomacy\n 1.2.2.1 Start Up and Informality\n 1.2.2.2 Professionalization\n 1.2.2.3 Manifest Expansion\n 1.2.2.4 Post- Lisbon\n 1.2.3 The EU’s Diplomatic Network\n 1.2.3.1 The EU’s External Relations Machinery\n 1.2.3.2 Facts and Figures\n 1.2.3.3 The Member States’ Diplomatic Network in Third Countries\n 1.3 The Structure of This Handbook\n 1.3.1 Uncovering the EU’s Contribution to Diplomatic and Consular Law\n 1.3.2 Focus\n 1.3.3 Outline\nChapter 2 Theoretical and Historical Perspectives\n 2.1 Defining the Right of Legation\n 2.1.1 Historical Account\n 2.1.2 The 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations\n 2.1.2.1 Negotiation History\n 2.1.2.2 Silence in the Treaty Text\n 2.1.2.3 Shortcomings of the VCDR as a Standard to Define the Right of Legation\n 2.1.3 Content\n 2.1.4 Qualification\n 2.1.4.1 The Right of Legation as a Right\n 2.1.4.2 The Right of Legation as an Imperfect or Subjective Right\n 2.1.4.3 The Right of Legation as a Capacity\n 2.1.5 Conceptualizing the Right of Legation\n 2.2 The Holders of the Right of Legation\n 2.2.1 Historical Cracks in the State- Dominated System\n 2.2.1.1 Practices\n 2.2.1.2 Theories\n 2.2.2 Modern Cracks in the State- Dominated System\n 2.2.2.1 Parties to the 1961 Vienna Convention\n 2.2.2.2 Other Entities that Exercise Diplomacy\n 2.2.2.2.1 Those that aspire statehood\n Hong Kong and Macau\n The Republic of China\n Kosovo\n 2.2.2.2.2 A religious entity\n 2.2.2.2.3 International organizations\n 2.2.2.2.4 Federated and regional entities\n 2.2.3 Criteria to Exercise the Right of Legation\n 2.2.3.1 Objective Criteria\n 2.2.3.1.1 Condition ratione personae: having rights and duties under PIL\n 2.2.3.1.2 Conditions ratione materiae: internal and external autonomy\n Independence\n The capacity to independently develop internal policies and general objectives\n The capacity to independently represent internal policies externally\n 2.2.3.2 Subjective Criteria\n 2.2.3.2.1 Introduction\n 2.2.3.2.2 The five acts of external recognition\n The initial act of recognizing the subjects of international law\n The recognition of diplomatic capacity\n Mutual consent to enter into diplomatic relations\n The consent to establish a permanent mission\n The recognition of the application of the law on diplomatic or consular relations\n 2.2.3.2.3 Recognition: the role of the UN Security Council\n 2.2.3.2.4 Common features of recognition\n 2.2.4 The Monopoly of States Revisited\n 2.3 The EU’s Right of Legation\n 2.3.1 Introduction\n 2.3.2 The Origins of the EU’s Right of Legation\n 2.3.2.1 First Traces\n 2.3.2.2 The European Assembly\n 2.3.2.2.1 The European Communities and legal personality\n 2.3.2.2.2 The European Communities and recognition\n 2.3.2.2.3 The necessity of the right of legation for the Communities\n 2.3.2.3 Early Literature\n 2.3.3 Validity and Legitimacy of the EU’s Right of Legation\n 2.3.3.1 Objective Criteria\n 2.3.3.1.1 The EU as a subject of international law\n 2.3.3.1.2 The EU as an independent actor exercising public authority\n 2.3.3.1.3 The EU as a sovereign actor\n 2.3.3.1.4 The EU as a functional actor\n 2.3.3.2 Subjective Criteria\n 2.3.4 Legal Controversies Surrounding the EU’s Right of Legation\n 2.3.4.1 Reciprocity\n 2.3.4.2 The Exercise of Diplomatic Functions\n 2.3.4.3 Who Holds the EU’s Right of Legation?\n 2.3.4.4 The Recognition of States\n 2.3.5 Does the EU Possess the Right of Legation?\nChapter 3 The EU’s Diplomatic Framework\n 3.1 The Active Right of Legation: Bilateral Arrangements\n 3.1.1 Legal Framework\n 3.1.2 Common Features of EAs\n 3.1.2.1 Main Characteristics\n 3.1.2.2 Heading\n 3.1.2.3 Substantive Clauses\n 3.1.2.4 Final Clauses\n 3.1.2.5 Special Cases\n 3.1.3 The Status of EAs under PIL\n 3.1.3.1 IOs and Treaty- Making\n 3.1.3.2 PIL’s Definition of a Treaty\n 3.1.3.3 Are EAs Treaties?\n 3.1.3.3.1 The design of establishment agreements\n 3.1.3.3.2 The content of establishment agreements\n 3.1.3.3.3 Reception of establishment agreements by contracting parties\n 3.1.3.4 The EAs’ Effects and Validity\n 3.1.3.5 UN and EU Practices Compared\n 3.1.4 The Status of EAs under EU Law\n 3.1.4.1 Introduction\n 3.1.4.2 The Road Not Taken: EAs as International Agreements\n 3.1.4.2.1 What is a treaty in the EU legal order?\n 3.1.4.2.2 First-generation EAs\n 3.1.4.2.3 Second-generation EAs\n 3.1.4.2.4 Procedural questions\n 3.1.4.3 The More Unusual Solution: EAs as Administrative Agreements\n 3.1.4.3.1 Introduction to an alternative theory\n 3.1.4.3.2 First-generation EAs\n The AG’s Opinion in France v Commission (1994): the three-criteria theory\n Judgment in France v Commission (1994): the express legal basis theory\n Judgment in France v Commission (2004): confirmation of the express legal basis theory\n 3.1.4.3.3 Second-generation establishment agreements\n 3.1.4.4 International or Administrative Agreements: What Difference Does It Make?\n 3.2 The Active Rightof Legation: Multilateral Arrangements\n 3.2.1 The EU’s Diplomatic Representation at Other IOs\n 3.2.2 Multilateral EUDELs in Third Countries\n 3.2.2.1 The EUDEL in New York City\n 3.2.2.1.1 The history and status of the mission\n 3.2.2.1.2 Host state policies\n 3.2.2.2 The EUDELs in Geneva\n 3.2.2.2.1 The history and status of the missions\n 3.2.2.2.2 The tale of two delegations\n 3.2.2.3 The EUDEL in Addis Ababa\n 3.2.2.3.1 The history and status of the mission\n 3.2.2.3.2 Host state policies\n 3.2.2.4 The EUDEL in Jakarta\n 3.2.2.4.1 The history and status of the mission\n 3.2.2.4.2 Host state policies\n 3.2.3 Multilateral EUDELs in EU Member States\n 3.2.3.1 The EUDEL in Vienna\n 3.2.3.2 The EUDEL in Rome\n 3.2.3.3 The EUDELs in France\n 3.2.3.3.1 Host state policies\n 3.2.3.3.2 The EUDEL in Paris\n 3.2.3.3.3 The EUDEL in Strasbourg\n 3.2.4 Double-Hatted EUDELs\n 3.3 The Passive Right of Legation\n 3.3.1 Member States\n 3.3.1.1 Between Diplomacy and Policy\n 3.3.1.2 Duties\n 3.3.1.3 Permanent Representations and Diplomatic Law\n 3.3.2 Third States\n 3.3.2.1 Diplomatic Missions to the EU and Euratom\n 3.3.2.2 Duties\n 3.3.2.3 Permanent Missions and Diplomatic Law\n 3.3.3 IOs and Other Representations\n 3.3.3.1 The Passive Right of Legation Sensu Lato\n 3.3.3.2 Duties\n 3.3.3.3 International Organizations\n 3.3.3.3.1 Belgium is a member state of the IO\n The UN family\n The Council of Europe\n IOM\n EPO\n International Criminal Police Organization\n Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie\n 3.3.3.3.2 Belgium is not a member state of the accredited international organization\n 3.3.3.4 Non-State Entities\n 3.3.3.5 Non-Governmental and Private Actors\nChapter 4 The EU’s Application of Diplomatic Law\n 4.1 General Principles\n 4.1.1 A Self-Contained System?\n 4.1.2 Non-Discrimination and Reciprocity\n 4.1.3 Non-Interference\n 4.1.4 Secrecy\n 4.2 The 1961 VCDR\n 4.2.1 The Establishment and Termination of Diplomatic Relations\n 4.2.1.1 Establishing Diplomatic Relations\n 4.2.1.2 Terminating Diplomatic Relations\n 4.2.2 The Accreditation and the End of Functions\n 4.2.2.1 Diplomatic Law\n 4.2.2.2 EUDELs in Third States\n 4.2.2.3 EUDELs at IOs\n 4.2.2.4 The Corps Diplomatique Accredited to the Union\n 4.2.2.4.1 Missions of member states\n 4.2.2.4.2 Missions of third states, IOs, and other non-state entities\n 4.2.2.4.3 Multiple accreditations\n 4.2.3 The Exercise of Diplomatic Functions\n 4.2.3.1 The Job Description of an EU Diplomat\n 4.2.3.2 International and EU Legal Constraints\n 4.2.3.3 Diplomatic Tasks\n 4.2.3.3.1 Representation\n 4.2.3.3.2 Protection\n 4.2.3.3.3 Negotiation\n 4.2.3.3.4 Observation and reporting\n 4.2.3.3.5 Promotion of friendly relations\n 4.2.3.4 Non-Diplomatic Tasks\n 4.2.3.4.1 The implementation of development cooperation\n 4.2.3.4.2 Coordination with member states\n 4.2.3.5 Conclusion\n 4.2.4 The Enjoyment of Immunities, Inviolability, and Privileges\n 4.2.4.1 Definitions\n 4.2.4.2 Privileges and Immunities of Union Diplomats\n 4.2.4.2.1 General\n 4.2.4.2.2 Nationality\n 4.2.4.2.3 Diplomatic confidentiality\n 4.2.4.2.4 Case study: the EU in the UK\n 4.2.4.3 Inviolability of Communication, Archives, Diplomatic Bags,and Correspondence\n 4.2.4.3.1 Premises\n 4.2.4.3.2 Communication\n 4.2.4.3.3 The diplomatic bag\n 4.2.4.4 Access to Diplomatic Information in the EU Context\n 4.2.4.4.1 Side-lining the general public?\n 4.2.4.4.2 The diplomatic exception is set down in law\n 4.2.4.4.3 The diplomatic exception is necessary in a democratic society\n 4.2.4.4.4 The diplomatic exception is proportionate to the aim of protectinginternational relations\n 4.2.4.5 Enforcement\n 4.3 Diplomatic Protocol, Practices, and Procedures\n 4.3.1 The Rules on International Politeness\n 4.3.2 Diplomatic Nomenclature\n 4.3.3 Diplomatic Precedence\n 4.3.4 Diplomatic Symbolism: Flags, Emblems, and Anthems\n 4.4 Diplomatic Law Not Covered by the VCDR\n 4.4.1 Diplomatic Passports\n 4.4.1.1 Legal Value\n 4.4.1.2 The Belgian Practice\n 4.4.1.3 The EU Laissez-Passer\n 4.4.1.3.1 EU diplomatic travel documents\n 4.4.1.3.2 Continued problems with the EULP\n 4.4.2 Diplomatic Visa and Same-Sex Relationships\n 4.4.3 Diplomatic Asylum\n 4.4.3.1 Seeking Refuge at a Diplomatic Mission\n 4.4.3.2 Guidance for EUDELs\n 4.5 Customary Diplomatic Law\n 4.5.1 Introduction\n 4.5.2 A Source of Uncertainty\n 4.5.2.1 The Finding of CIL\n 4.5.2.2 CIL in Diplomatic Relations\n 4.5.3 The Application of CIL\n 4.5.4 The Effect of EU Diplomacy on CIL\n 4.5.4.1 Participation Rules in Diplomacy\n 4.5.4.2 The Content of Diplomatic Customary Law\n 4.5.4.3 The Contribution of the Union to CIL\n 4.5.5 Conclusion\n 4.6 General Appraisal\nChapter 5 The Interplay between the EU andIts Member States\n 5.1 Diplomacy in the EU Legal Order\n 5.1.1 Defining Challenges\n 5.1.2 Diplomacy as a Competence\n 5.1.2.1 Qualifying Diplomacy\n 5.1.2.1.1 Not a competence . . .\n 5.1.2.1.2 . . . but an instrument\n 5.1.2.1.3 Division of competences\n 5.1.2.2 Demarcation Issues\n 5.1.2.2.1 General principles of EU law\n 5.1.2.2.2 The national identity clause\n Article 4(2) TEU’s basic features\n Diplomacy as a component of national identity\n Diplomacy as an essential state function\n 5.1.2.2.3 Declarations 13 and 14 attached to the EU Treaties\n 5.1.2.2.4 Diplomacy as a domaine réservé?\n 5.1.3 Diplomacy as a Source of Law\n 5.1.3.1 Incorporating International Legal Norms\n 5.1.3.2 Diplomatic and Consular Law as Part of the EU Legal Order\n 5.1.3.2.1 Functional succession\n 5.1.3.2.2 Customary international law status\n 5.1.3.2.3 Direct references to diplomatic law\n 5.1.3.3 Consequences\n 5.1.3.3.1 Member states’ law\n 5.1.3.3.2 EU law\n 5.1.3.3.3 Legal enforcement\n 5.1.4 Observations\n 5.2 Coexisting Norms\n 5.2.1 Applying EU Law or Diplomatic and Consular Law\n 5.2.1.1 The Internal Market\n 5.2.1.2 Freedom of Movement of EU Citizens\n 5.2.1.3 Freedom of Movement of EU Workers\n 5.2.1.4 Analysis\n 5.2.2 Interpreting EU Law in Light of Diplomatic and Consular Law\n 5.2.2.1 Privileges and Immunities\n 5.2.2.2 Diplomatic Concepts\n 5.2.2.3 Non-Diplomatic Concepts\n 5.2.2.4 Analysis\n 5.2.3 Interpreting EU Law in Light of Diplomatic andConsular Interests\n 5.2.4 Observations\n 5.3 Coexisting Rights of Legation\n 5.3.1 Between Interaction and Parallelism\n 5.3.2 Parallel Diplomacy\n 5.3.2.1 National Prerogatives in Diplomacy\n 5.3.2.2 The Union’s Prerogatives in Diplomacy\n 5.3.2.3 The Parallel Exercise of Rights of Legation\n 5.3.3 Interactive Diplomacy\n 5.3.3.1 General Obligations\n 5.3.3.1.1 Member states\n 5.3.3.1.2 The Union\n 5.3.3.2 Specific Obligations\n 5.3.3.2.1 The obligation to (sincerely) cooperate\n 5.3.3.2.2 The obligation to exchange information\n 5.3.3.2.3 The obligation to coordinate\n 5.3.3.2.4 Obligations related to consular services rendered to EU citizens\n Consular protection to unrepresented EU citizens\n Crisis diplomacy\n Administrative and legal consular services\n The EUDELs’ involvement in consular affairs\n 5.3.3.2.5 The obligation to cooperate in the external representation of the Union\n 5.3.3.2.6 The obligation to facilitate the EU’s exercise of passive right of legation\n 5.3.3.3 Cooperation Modes Not Explicitly Foreseen in EU Law\n 5.3.3.3.1 The sharing of staff, housing, and security\n 5.3.3.3.2 The lead state concept\n 5.3.3.3.3 Ad hoc cooperation\n 5.3.3.4 The Legal Status of the Obligations to Interact in Diplomacy\n 5.3.3.5 The Interactive Exercise of Rights of Legation\n 5.3.4 A European Diplomacy Model\nChapter 6 Concluding Thoughts\n 6.1 Introduction\n 6.2 The International Diplomatic System\n 6.3 The EU’s Diplomatic Identity andthe Perception Thereof\n 6.4 The Contribution of the EU to Diplomatic andConsular Law\nAPPENDIX 1 Facts and Figures\nAPPENDIX 2 Model Establishment Agreement (2010)\nAPPENDIX 3 Diplomatic Arrangements Entered Into by the EU\nAPPENDIX 4 List of Third State Arrangements\nAPPENDIX 5 Missions of International Organizations andOther Non- State Entities\nAPPENDIX 6 Model Accreditation Letter (2010)\nAPPENDIX 7 Model Note Verbale\nAPPENDIX 8 Administrative Grades andDiplomatic Titles for EU Staff\nBibliography\nIndex