دانلود کتاب European Migration Law (Oxford European Union Law Library)

فهرست مطالب :

Cover\nSeries\nEuropean Migration Law\nCopyright\nAcknowledgements\nSummary Contents\nContents\nTable of Cases\nTable of EU Legislation\nList of Abbreviations\nIntroduction: European Migration Law as a Field of Inquiry\nPART I OVERARCHING THEMES\n 1. Building an Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice\n 1.1 From International to EU Migration Law\n 1.1.1 Parallelism of emigration, imperialism, and tourism\n 1.1.2 Migration law as a by-​product of state formation\n 1.1.3 Towards international protection for refugees\n 1.1.4 Prehistory of EU rules on labour migration\n 1.1.5 Free movement within the single market\n 1.1.6 Colonial migration: the downside of free movement\n 1.1.7 Theoretical ambiguity of Union citizenship\n 1.2 Towards Distinct Policies for Third Country Nationals\n 1.2.1 ‘Schengen’: compensatory logic\n 1.2.2 Treaty of Maastricht: fragile intergovernmental cooperation\n 1.2.3 Treaty of Amsterdam: gradual supranationalisation\n 1.2.4 Treaty of Lisbon: autonomy of migration law\n 1.2.5 European Council: political programming\n 1.2.6 Public discourse between ‘fortress Europe’ and ‘common values’\n 1.3 Distinguishing Union Citizenship from Third Country Nationals\n 1.3.1 Primary law: open-​ended Treaty objectives\n 1.3.2 Legislative leeway within the confines of human rights\n 1.3.3 Overlap with Union citizenship\n 1.3.4 Tipping points in the legislative process\n 1.4 Summary\n 2. Institutional Prerogatives and Decision-​making\n 2.1 Driving Forces behind Europeanisation\n 2.1.1 The choice for Schengen as an example\n 2.1.2 Continuity of mixed results in migration policy\n 2.1.3 From ‘permissive consensus’ to ‘constraining dissensus’\n 2.1.4 The danger of institutional blockage\n 2.2 Influence on the Policy Output\n 2.2.1 Commission\n 2.2.1.1 Civil servants between expertise and politics\n 2.2.1.2 Technocratic posture on migration law\n 2.2.2 European Council\n 2.2.3 Council\n 2.2.3.1 The ‘backroom’: working parties of national civil servants\n 2.2.3.2 Consensus culture in the shadow of majority voting\n 2.2.4 European Parliament\n 2.2.4.1 Committees as the ‘engines’ of parliamentary impact\n 2.2.4.2 Shifting positions on migration law\n 2.3 Interinstitutional Practices\n 2.3.1 Treaty change: limited relevance\n 2.3.2 Secondary legislation: prevalence of informal ‘trilogues’\n 2.3.3 Curtailment of delegated and implementing acts\n 2.3.4 Ancillary role of ‘soft law’\n 2.3.5 International cooperation: side-​effects of informalisation\n 2.3.6 Private actors: a democratic virtue for migration law?\n 2.4 Differentiated Integration: Opt-​outs after Brexit\n 2.4.1 Denmark: the long shadow of the referenda\n 2.4.2 Ireland: relic of British reticence\n 2.5 Summary\n 3. Court of Justice: Achievements and Limitations\n 3.1 Influence of the Court Architecture\n 3.1.1 Collective and multi-​lingual adjudication\n 3.1.2 Horizontal outlook beyond migration law\n 3.1.3 Frontex, Asylum Agency, and the pitfalls of specialised tribunals\n 3.1.4 Non-​governmental organisations and the limits of third party intervention\n 3.2 Constitutional Authority of the Supranational Judiciary\n 3.2.1 Reputation of ‘constitutional imagination’\n 3.2.2 Migration law: ‘administrative mindset’\n 3.2.3 Interaction with the legislature\n 3.3 Access to and Output in the Area of Migration\n 3.3.1 Validity disputes\n 3.3.1.1 Direct actions by individuals on migratory matters\n 3.3.1.2 Privileged access by the EU institutions\n 3.3.2 Infringement proceedings\n 3.3.2.1 Importance of the pre-​litigation stage\n 3.3.2.2 Changing dynamics in migration law\n 3.3.3 Preliminary references\n 3.3.3.1 Stark discrepancies between the Member States\n 3.3.3.2 Carrots and sticks for loyal cooperation\n 3.3.3.3 Between micromanagement and vagueness\n 3.3.4 ‘Demand’ side\n 3.3.4.1 Thematic asymmetries in migration law\n 3.3.4.2 Strategic litigation to the benefit of migrants\n 3.4 Alternative Accountability Mechanisms\n 3.4.1 Accountability for wrongdoing beyond courts\n 3.4.2 Ombudspersons as vehicles of administrative control\n 3.4.3 Financial and managerial accountability\n 3.4.4 Political oversight by parliaments\n 3.4.5 Access to documents as a source of public debates\n 3.5 Summary\n 4. Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Methodology\n 4.1 Drivers of Migratory Movements\n 4.1.1 Numerous ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors\n 4.1.2 Migration as a process over time\n 4.1.3 Intermediate level: networks, regimes, and infrastructures\n 4.1.4 Continuum of ‘voluntary’ and ‘forced’ migration\n 4.2 Significance of State Measures\n 4.2.1 Normative background: the open borders debate\n 4.2.2 Explaining the ‘control gap’: the liberal paradox\n 4.2.3 Public opinion and intergroup threat perceptions\n 4.2.4 Multiple actors of migration governance\n 4.2.5 Individual migrant agency\n 4.3 Law as an Instrument of Government\n 4.3.1 Starting point: Foucault and constructivism\n 4.3.2 ‘Labels’ as a means of government\n 4.3.3 Language between ‘abuse’, ‘crisis’, and ‘normality’\n 4.3.4 Securitisation versus rights-​based approach\n 4.4 Legal Methodology between Doctrine and Critique\n 4.4.1 Academic discourse: from enthusiasm to scepticism\n 4.4.2 Between ‘black letter’ and doctrinal constructivism\n 4.4.3 Interdisciplinary and critical approaches\n 4.5 Summary\n 5. Human Rights and State Sovereignty\n 5.1 ‘Aliens Law’ as Protection qua Nationality\n 5.1.1 Historic minimum standards as inter-​state obligations\n 5.1.2 Limited impact of the conventions of the Council of Europe\n 5.1.3 Reduction of statelessness as a legal obligation\n 5.2 Human Rights qua Personhood\n 5.2.1 Individual guarantees for ‘everyone’\n 5.2.2 Hanna Arendt and the ‘right to have rights’\n 5.2.3 Normative counterweight to state sovereignty\n 5.3 Lead Function of the European Convention\n 5.3.1 Judicial dynamism in the field of migration\n 5.3.2 Focus on general principles and the Grand Chamber\n 5.3.3 Interaction with EU law\n 5.4 Added Value of the Charter\n 5.4.1 More generous protection\n 5.4.2 Rights of the child as an example\n 5.4.3 EU not a ‘human rights organisation’\n 5.4.4 Limited scope of application of the Charter\n 5.5 Complementary Role of International Bodies and Political Fora\n 5.5.1 Plethora of human rights treaty bodies\n 5.5.2 Potential source of dynamism in the field of migration\n 5.5.3 Special rapporteurs and diplomatic initiatives\n 5.5.4 Global Compacts for Migration and on Refugees\n 5.6 Refugee Convention: Distant Lodestar\n 5.6.1 Interaction with Union law\n 5.6.2 Supporting role in the judicial practice\n 5.6.3 Practical priority of human rights\n 5.7 Summary\n 6. Doctrinal Foundations of the Case Law\n 6.1 ‘Legal Order’ as Doctrinal Self-​sufficiency\n 6.2 The Promise and Limits of Coherence\n 6.2.1 Legislative fragmentation\n 6.2.2 Vision of an ‘immigration code’\n 6.2.3 Interpretative approximation\n 6.3 Constitutional Essentials in Migration Law\n 6.3.1 Direct effect and primacy as an everyday practice\n 6.3.2 No categorical distinction between directives and regulations\n 6.3.3 Subsidiarity as political preference\n 6.4 Pitfalls of the Interpretative Exercise\n 6.4.1 Multilingualism of EU migration law\n 6.4.2 Revival of the drafting history\n 6.4.3 Indeterminacy of teleological interpretation\n 6.4.4 Autonomous concepts and their limits\n 6.4.5 Effet utile as a useful doctrinal tool\n 6.5 Individual Rights of Migrants\n 6.5.1 Individual rights enshrined in legislation\n 6.5.2 Added valued in comparison to human rights\n 6.5.3 Ambiguous Court practice on the Charter\n 6.5.3.1 Interpretation in conformity with human rights\n 6.5.3.2 Silence or vagueness on the Charter\n 6.5.4 Scope of the right to an effective remedy\n 6.6 Practical Tips for Dealing with the Case Law\n 6.7 Summary\n 7. Administrative Dimension\n 7.1 European Migration Law as a Composite System\n 7.1.1 Conceptual vagueness of ‘areas’ and ‘systems’\n 7.1.2 Multiplicity of actors at different levels\n 7.1.3 Operational character of asylum and border controls\n 7.1.4 Diverse avenues of inter-​state cooperation\n 7.2 National Procedural Autonomy and Its Limits\n 7.2.1 The many faces of procedural harmonisation\n 7.2.2 Effectiveness as a corrective vehicle\n 7.2.2.1 Court practice on migration law\n 7.2.2.2 Time limits as a test case\n 7.2.3 Fundamental right to an effective remedy\n 7.2.3.1 Availability of legal remedies\n 7.2.3.2 Scope of judicial oversight\n 7.2.3.3 Suspensive effect and legal assistance\n 7.2.4 Good administration\n 7.2.4.1 Giving reasons and right to be heard\n 7.2.4.2 Consequences of procedural deficits\n 7.3 Transnational Effects of Horizontal Cooperation\n 7.3.1 Visas and databases: rules in secondary legislation\n 7.3.2 Entry bans: failure of inter-​state consultation\n 7.3.3 Intra-​EU mobility: ‘golden visas’ as an abusive practice?\n 7.4 Money as a Means of Governance\n 7.5 Summary\n 8. Agencies (Frontex and Asylum Agency)\n 8.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 8.1.1 Elusive vision of administrative centralisation\n 8.1.2 The choice for Frontex and the Asylum Office\n 8.1.3 Formal expansion of the mandates\n 8.1.4 Exponential growth in practice\n 8.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 8.2.1 Involvement in administrative decision-​making\n 8.2.2 ‘Meroni’ doctrine: no decisive hurdle\n 8.2.3 Territorial scope\n 8.3 Frontex: Institutional Muscle Formation\n 8.3.1 Operational powers\n 8.3.2 Supervision of the Member States\n 8.3.3 Cooperation with third states\n 8.3.4 Eurosur and procurement of equipment\n 8.4 Asylum Agency: Latecomer with Subtle Influence\n 8.4.1 Information gathering and practical guidance\n 8.4.2 Operational support in ‘hotpots’ and beyond\n 8.4.3 Supervision and international cooperation\n 8.5 Accountability for Wrongdoing\n 8.5.1 Legislative provisions on agency involvement\n 8.5.2 Institutional governance\n 8.5.3 Legal remedies for composite procedures\n 8.6 Summary\n 9. Databases\n 9.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 9.1.1 Information technology as ‘invisible’ infrastructure\n 9.1.2 ‘Function creep’ over three decades\n 9.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 9.2.1 Supranational competences\n 9.2.2 Decentralised network structure\n 9.2.3 Territorial scope\n 9.3 An Overview of Migration Databases\n 9.3.1 Schengen Information System (SIS)\n 9.3.2 Eurodac\n 9.3.3 Visa Information System (VIS)\n 9.3.4 Travel authorisation (ETIAS)\n 9.3.5 Entry/​Exit System (EES)\n 9.4 Prospect of Interoperability and Artificial Intelligence\n 9.4.1 From support to automated processing\n 9.4.2 Quality concerns and implementation deficits\n 9.4.3 The spectre of ‘interoperability’\n 9.5 Respect for Data Protection Standards\n 9.5.1 Principles of data protection\n 9.5.2 Core elements of the human rights assessment\n 9.5.3 Preventive and reactive supervision\n 9.6 Summary\nPART II SECTORAL LEGISLATION AND POLICIES\n 10. General Features of EU Legislation\n 10.1 Acquisition of Residence Permits\n 10.1.1 Of ‘residence permits’ and ‘visas’\n 10.1.2 Constitutive state authorisation\n 10.1.3 Fee levels\n 10.2 Sufficient Resources Requirement\n 10.3 Public Policy Exception\n 10.3.1 Overlap with Union citizenship\n 10.3.2 Sector-​specific outcomes\n 10.4 Equal Treatment as a Constitutional Guarantee\n 10.4.1 Human rights instead of Union citizenship\n 10.4.2 Different scrutiny levels in the judicial practice\n 10.4.3 Distinctions based on migration status\n 10.4.4 Racial and ethnic discrimination\n 10.5 Proportionality\n 10.5.1 Context-​specific outcomes\n 10.5.2 Abstract or individual assessment?\n 10.6 More Favourable Domestic Rules\n 10.6.1 Identification of mandatory provisions\n 10.6.2 Different patterns in secondary legislation\n 10.7 Exceptional Non-​Compliance (Article 72 TFEU)\n 10.8 Abusive Practices\n 10.9 Practical Tips for Dealing with Legislation\n 10.10 Summary\n 11. Visa Policy\n 11.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 11.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 11.2.1 Supranational competences\n 11.2.2 Territorial scope\n 11.3 Visa Requirements\n 11.3.1 Rationale behind ‘black’ and ‘white’ lists\n 11.3.2 Visa liberalisation as a bargaining chip\n 11.3.3 Reciprocity in relations with third states\n 11.4 Visa Procedure\n 11.4.1 Admission criteria\n 11.4.2 Application procedure\n 11.4.3 Decision and legal remedies\n 11.4.4 Visa format\n 11.4.5 Inter-​state cooperation\n 11.5 Special Case: Humanitarian Visas\n 11.6 Other Pre-​arrival Measures\n 11.6.1 Carrier sanctions\n 11.6.2 Export of visa policy to transit countries\n 11.6.3 Liaison officers abroad\n 11.7 Summary\n 12. Border Controls\n 12.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 12.1.1 Symbolic weight of borders\n 12.1.2 Incomplete ‘territorialisation’ of the EU\n 12.1.3 Towards a new ‘culture’ of border controls\n 12.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 12.2.1 Supranational competences\n 12.2.2 Extraterritorial reach of human rights\n 12.2.3 Search and rescue at sea\n 12.2.4 Rejection at the border\n 12.2.4.1 Right to asylum and prohibition of refoulement\n 12.2.4.2 Prohibition of collective expulsion\n 12.2.5 Territorial scope\n 12.3 Schengen Governance\n 12.3.1 Membership and phased implementation\n 12.3.2 Crises and reform efforts\n 12.3.3 Scope of the ‘Schengen acquis’\n 12.4 Internal Movements within the Schengen Area\n 12.4.1 Circulation of third country nationals\n 12.4.1.1 Free travel for short stays\n 12.4.1.2 Secondary movements of asylum applicants\n 12.4.2 Internal border controls\n 12.4.2.1 Requirements for temporary reintroduction\n 12.4.2.2 Extensive and illegal state practice\n 12.4.3 Police checks in border areas\n 12.5 External Controls at Crossing Points\n 12.5.1 Entry conditions\n 12.5.2 Checks on persons\n 12.5.3 Refusal of entry and legal remedies\n 12.5.4 Local border traffic\n 12.6 Surveillance of the External Borders\n 12.6.1 Land borders\n 12.6.2 Interaction with asylum law\n 12.6.3 Sea borders\n 12.6.3.1 Sea Borders Regulation\n 12.6.3.2 Basic procedural safeguards\n 12.7 Document Security\n 12.8 Summary\n 13. Common European Asylum System\n 13.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 13.1.1 A history of half-​hearted commitment\n 13.1.2 Early years of intergovernmental cooperation\n 13.1.3 First and second phase of harmonisation\n 13.1.4 Policy crisis of 2015/​16\n 13.1.5 Elusive reform efforts\n 13.1.6 Geopolitics enter the political equation\n 13.1.7 Structural deficits and their fallout\n 13.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 13.2.1 Supranational competences\n 13.2.2 Prohibition of refoulement\n 13.2.3 Right to asylum\n 13.2.3.1 Article 18 CFR\n 13.2.3.2 Protocol on Union citizens\n 13.2.4 Solidarity (Article 80 TFEU)\n 13.2.5 Territorial scope\n 13.3 Asylum Jurisdiction\n 13.3.1 Origin of the first entry rule\n 13.3.2 Futile quest for solidarity\n 13.3.3 Hierarchy of the substantive criteria\n 13.3.4 Scope and procedure\n 13.3.5 Take charge/​back requests\n 13.3.6 Mutual trust and its limits\n 13.3.7 Secondary movements and the transfer of jurisdiction\n 13.4 Asylum Procedures\n 13.4.1 Access to the procedure\n 13.4.2 Personal interview and individualised assessment\n 13.4.3 Sixfold procedural differentiation\n 13.4.3.1 Asylum jurisdiction and admissibility\n 13.4.3.2 Regular and accelerated examination\n 13.4.3.3 Subsequent applications and withdrawal\n 13.4.4 Border procedures\n 13.4.5 Safe countries\n 13.4.5.1 Safe countries of origin and common lists\n 13.4.5.2 Rebuttal of the presumption of safety\n 13.4.5.3 Controversies about safe third countries\n 13.4.6 Legal remedies\n 13.4.7 Recurring ‘vision’: external processing\n 13.5 Refugee Status\n 13.5.1 Preventing disparate recognition quotas\n 13.5.2 Standards and burden of proof\n 13.5.3 Notion of persecution\n 13.5.3.1 Severe violation of basic human rights\n 13.5.3.2 Refugees sur place and family members\n 13.5.3.3 Poverty\n 13.5.3.4 Climate change\n 13.5.4 Actors of protection\n 13.5.4.1 Home state and international organisations\n 13.5.4.2 Internal protection alternative\n 13.5.5 Reasons for persecution\n 13.5.5.1 Membership of a particular social group\n 13.5.5.2 Refusal to perform military service\n 13.5.6 Exclusion and cessation\n 13.5.6.1 Palestinian refugees\n 13.5.6.2 Terrorism and other serious crime\n 13.5.6.3 Change of circumstance in the home state\n 13.6 Subsidiary and Complementary Protection\n 13.6.1 Added value of Europeanisation\n 13.6.2 Protection against indiscriminate violence\n 13.6.3 Other scenarios: divergence from human rights\n 13.6.4 ‘Complementary’ protection under national laws\n 13.7 Temporary Protection\n 13.7.1 Rationale behind blanket recognition\n 13.7.2 Conditions and contents of temporary protection\n 13.7.3 Interaction with EU migration law\n 13.8 Reception Conditions for Asylum Applicants\n 13.8.1 Protracted differences between the Member States\n 13.8.2 Living conditions and other guarantees\n 13.8.3 Restrictions and human rights compliance\n 13.8.4 Right to remain and ‘fiction of non-​entry’\n 13.9 Rights of Beneficiaries of International Protection\n 13.9.1 Limits of equal treatment\n 13.9.2 Specific guarantees\n 13.9.3 Free movement and option of ‘uniform status’\n 13.9.4 Refugees without protection status\n 13.10 Resettlement and Other Legal Pathways\n 13.10.1 Soft side of asylum policy\n 13.10.2 EU resettlement framework\n 13.10.3 Other protracted entry procedures\n 13.11 Summary\n 14. Legal Migration\n 14.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 14.1.1 ‘Guest workers’ outside the reach of EU institutions\n 14.1.2 Family bonds as a critical gateway\n 14.1.3 Globalisation and the ‘battle’ over labour migration\n 14.1.4 Sectoral approach to economic migration\n 14.1.5 Limits of Europeanisation\n 14.1.6 Effects on the welfare state\n 14.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 14.2.1 Supranational competences\n 14.2.2 National prerogatives for labour migration\n 14.2.3 Human rights, family life, and rights of the child\n 14.2.4 Territorial scope\n 14.3 Family Reunification\n 14.3.1 EU citizens and their family members\n 14.3.2 Scope of the Family Reunification Directive\n 14.3.2.1 Limitation to the nuclear family\n 14.3.2.2 Optional clauses\n 14.3.3 Conditions under the Directive\n 14.3.4 Procedure and rights of family members\n 14.3.5 Beneficiaries of international protection\n 14.4 Skilled Labour Migration\n 14.4.1 Regulatory toolbox and driving forces beyond the law\n 14.4.2 Blue Card Directive\n 14.4.2.1 Personal and thematic scope\n 14.4.2.2 Procedure and rights of blue card holders\n 14.4.3 Students and Researchers Directive\n 14.4.3.1 Students as ‘ideal immigrants’\n 14.4.3.2 Delegation of responsibility to research organisations\n 14.4.4 Single Permit Directive\n 14.4.5 Vexed issue of intra-​European mobility\n 14.5 Temporary Economic Activities\n 14.5.1 Posted workers in the single market\n 14.5.2 GATS and other trade agreements\n 14.5.3 Inter-​Corporate Transfers Directive\n 14.5.4 Seasonal Workers Directive\n 14.5.5 Legal pathways for economic purposes\n 14.6 Summary\n 15. Integration and Settlement\n 15.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 15.1.1 From ‘denizenship’ to citizenship\n 15.1.2 Models of migrant integration\n 15.1.3 Disputes over the direction of EU migration law\n 15.1.4 Status change in multiple directions\n 15.1.5 Mixed output in migration law and beyond\n 15.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 15.2.1 Scope of supranational competences\n 15.2.2 Human rights protection against expulsion\n 15.2.3 Territorial scope\n 15.3 Equality Provisions in Secondary Legislation\n 15.3.1 Complexity of the legislative framework\n 15.3.2 Overarching doctrinal characteristics\n 15.3.3 Social security other benefits\n 15.3.3.1 Exclusion from social assistance and advantages\n 15.3.3.2 Human rights compliance\n 15.3.4 Disparate effects of equal treatment\n 15.3.5 Distinctions between refugees and subsidiary protection\n 15.4 Mandatory Integration Requirements\n 15.4.1 Proliferation and significance of domestic laws\n 15.4.2 Supranational legal framework\n 15.4.3 Judicial endorsement, subject to a caveat\n 15.5 Other Integration Measures\n 15.6 Long-​Term Residents Directive\n 15.6.1 Independence from the original purpose\n 15.6.2 Scope and conditions\n 15.6.3 Procedure and loss\n 15.7 Acquisition of Nationality\n 15.7.1 Conceptual lacuna of EU migration law\n 15.7.2 Member State prerogatives and their limits under EU law\n 15.7.3 ‘Golden passport’ schemes\n 15.8 Summary\n 16. Irregular Presence and Return\n 16.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 16.1.1 Beyond binary conceptions of (il)legality\n 16.1.2 Relentless search for effectiveness\n 16.1.3 Contrasting policy dynamics\n 16.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 16.2.1 Supranational competences\n 16.2.2 Detention in conformity with human rights\n 16.2.3 Human rights of those irregularly present\n 16.2.4 Territorial scope\n 16.3 Criminalisation of Illegal Entry and Stay\n 16.3.1 Prosecution of ‘smuggling’\n 16.3.2 Intimidation of search and rescue\n 16.3.3 Limits for criminal sanctions\n 16.3.4 Victims of trafficking\n 16.3.5 Employer sanctions\n 16.4 Bans on Entry and Stay\n 16.4.1 Refusal for different reasons\n 16.4.2 Entry bans under the Return Directive\n 16.5 Structure of the Return Directive\n 16.5.1 Reasons for illegal stay\n 16.5.2 Exceptions from the scope\n 16.5.3 Return decision\n 16.5.4 Voluntary departure and removal\n 16.5.5 Limbo of ‘non-​removable’ returnees\n 16.6 Inter-​state Cooperation\n 16.6.1 Mutual recognition of expulsion decisions\n 16.6.2 Cooperation between the Member States\n 16.6.3 Return to other Member States\n 16.6.4 Readmission agreements with third states\n 16.7 Detention\n 16.7.1 Delimitation of EU legislation\n 16.7.2 Grounds for detention\n 16.7.2.1 Risk of absconding\n 16.7.2.2 Other criteria for asylum seekers\n 16.7.2.3 Additional grounds for returnees\n 16.7.3 Alternatives and length\n 16.7.4 Conditions of detention\n 16.8 Regularisation\n 16.9 Summary\n 17. Association Agreements with Neighbours\n 17.1 Constitutional Foundations\n 17.1.1 Supranational competences\n 17.1.2 Status in the EU legal order\n 17.1.3 Interpretative parallelism and its limits\n 17.2 ‘Best friends’: European Economic Area and Switzerland\n 17.2.1 Free movement of persons\n 17.2.2 Membership in Schengen and Dublin\n 17.2.3 Micro states and Gibraltar\n 17.3 United Kingdom: Reversed Dynamics\n 17.3.1 Acquired rights of (former) Union citizens\n 17.3.2 Sovereign control over future movements\n 17.4 Turkey: ‘Consolation Prize’ with Much Practical Effects\n 17.4.1 Turkish nationals residing in the Member States\n 17.4.2 ‘Standstill’ as dynamism for first admission\n 17.5 Western Balkans: Pre-​accession Guarantees\n 17.5.1 Former agreements and transitional periods\n 17.5.2 Limited impact of contemporary agreements\n 17.6 Neighbourhood: Novel Focus on Migration Control\n 17.6.1 Eastern partnership: pragmatic cooperation\n 17.6.2 Union for the Mediterranean: hotbed of control practices\n 17.7 Summary\n 18. International Cooperation with Third States\n 18.1 Theory and Policy Design\n 18.1.1 ‘Migration management’ as an overarching narrative\n 18.1.2 A short history of the EU’s strategic vision\n 18.1.3 Trial and error of external migration policy\n 18.1.4 Give and take in the mutual interest\n 18.2 Constitutional Foundations\n 18.2.1 Supranational competences\n 18.2.2 Spread of informal cooperation frameworks\n 18.3 Externalisation of Control Practices\n 18.3.1 A recurring theme in the policy discourse\n 18.3.2 Conditionality: ‘carrots and sticks’ for cooperation\n 18.3.3 Capacity building and operational cooperation\n 18.3.4 EU involvement via Frontex and CSDP missions\n 18.4 Development Cooperation and Legal Pathways\n 18.4.1 Contextual complexity of the migration-​development nexus\n 18.4.2 Financial support for multiple purposes\n 18.4.3 Refugee protection in the Global South\n 18.4.4 From ‘mobility’ to ‘talent’ partnerships\n 18.5 Summary\nBibliography\nIndex