دانلود کتاب Forkhead FOXO Transcription Factors in Development and Disease

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Series Page Copyright Contributors Preface DAF-16: FOXO in the Context of C. elegans Introduction Identification of daf-16 Genetic Molecular Isoforms Direct Phosphorylation AKT-1/AKT-2/SGK-1 Jun Kinase AMP Kinase Cofactors/Interacting Proteins NHL-1 SWI/SNF 14-3-3 Proteins SMK-1 STK4/CST-1 Additional Inputs Heat Shock Factor-1 Target Genes Conclusion Acknowledgments References Stem Cells Seen Through the FOXO Lens: An Evolving Paradigm FOXO and Stem Cells FOXO in Embryonic Stem Cells and Development FOXO in Adult Tissue-Specific Stem Cells FOXO in Hematopoietic Stem Cells FOXO3, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Mitochondria in HSC FOXO and Autophagy in HSC FOXO and DNA Damage Response in HSC FOXO, mTOR, and Myeloproliferation FOXO and Leukemic Stem Cells FOXO, HSC Longevity, and the Role of Sirtuins and miRNAs FOXO and Neural Stem Cells FOXO3 and Muscle Stem Cells Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References FOXOs Maintaining the Equilibrium for Better or for Worse Introduction: FOXO Regulation Getting up to Par The PI3K/PKB(AKT)/FOXO Signaling Pathway and Cancer FOXOs and the Hallmarks of Cancer FOXOs and the Hallmarks: Sustaining Proliferative Signaling FOXOs and the Hallmarks: Resisting Cell Death FOXOs and the Hallmarks: Enabling Replicative Immortality FOXOs and the Hallmarks: Inducing Angiogenesis FOXOs and the Hallmarks: Activating Invasion and Metastasis FOXOs Genuine or “Bona Fide” Tumor Suppressor FOXOs: Tumor Suppressors or Promoters? FOXOs as Rheostats in Homeostasis Redox DNA Damage Response Protein Homeostasis FOXOs and Resistance to Therapy Quiescence as a Mechanism of Resistance The Role of Feedback Signaling in Acquiring Resistance Cross Talk With Other Pathways Conclusion References Further Reading FOXO in Neural Cells and Diseases of the Nervous System Introduction Neural Development and Stem Cell Maintenance Neuronal Survival and Stress Responses Phenotypic Consequences of FOXO Loss Neurodegenerative Disease Future Directions References Further Reading Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Metabolism by FoxO Proteins, an Integrated Approach Overview Early Studies and Early Insights Regulation of FoxO Function by Insulin/PI3K/Akt Signaling and Deacetylases Effects on Gluconeogenic Gene Expression Effects on Glycolysis and Glucose Utilization Effects of Fatty Acid Oxidation on Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Effects on Intra- and Extrahepatic Lipid Catabolism Effects on Glucose Utilization Hepatokines Summary Acknowledgments References The Role of FoxOs in Bone Health and Disease Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Disease FoxO Effects in Chondrocytes Osteoarthritis FoxO Effects in Osteoclasts Bone Loss Caused by Estrogen Deficiency FoxO Effects in Osteoblasts Low Bone Mass in Type 1 Diabetes Myeloid Leukemia Age-Related Bone Loss Future Considerations Acknowledgments References Regulation of FOXO Factors in Mammalian Cells Introduction: The FOXO Family FOXO Domain Structure and Posttranslational Modifications Regulation by Insulin/IGF Signaling and Other Growth Factors Inhibition by AKT and Other Kinases Regulation by Phosphatases Nutrient Signaling and Metabolic Stress Regulation by AMPK Oxidative and Genotoxic Stress Stimuli Regulation by the MAPK Family Activation by Ste20-Like Kinase MST1 Ubiquitination/Deubiquitination in Response to Stress Acetylation and Deacetylation Modulates FOXO Activity Regulation by Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Under Genotoxic Stress Regulation of FOXOs in Cancer and the Immune Response AKT-Independent Regulation of FOXO Localization by IkB Kinase in Tumors Regulation by T Cell Receptors, B Cell Receptors, and Cytokine Signaling Other Inputs Regulation by Methyltransferases Regulation of Feeding Behavior by DYRK1A Modification of FOXOs by Additional Protein Kinases Regulation by miRNAs Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References FOXO3 and Exceptional Longevity: Insights From Hydra to Humans FoxO Genes as Determinants of Longevity The Insulin Signaling Pathway and Life Span Transcriptional Impacts of FoxO Genes Across Species Extrinsic Influences and the Future of FoxO3-Mediated Longevity References