دانلود کتاب Fundamentals of botany

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Cover Half Title About the Author Title Page Copyright Dedication Contents Section 1: Diversity of Microbes and Crytogams Chapter 1. Viruses 1.1 Introduction and Historical Account 1.2 Characteristics of Viruses 1.3 Classification of Viruses 1.4 Structure, Size and Shape of Viruses 1.5 Isolation and Characterisation of Viruses 1.6 Virus Multiplication 1.7 Certain Examples of Viruses 1.8 Bacteriophages 1.9 Plant Viruses 1.10 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) 1.11 Viral Diseases of Human Beings 1.12 Sub-Viral Particles Chapter 2. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria 2.1 Introduction and Historical Account 2.2 Classification 2.3 Characteristics 2.4 Structure of Bacterial Cell 2.5 Mode of Nutrition 2.6 Reproduction 2.7 Economic Importance 2.8 Cyanobacteria 2.9 Mycoplasma 2.10 Other Prokaryotes Chapter 3. Thallophytes: Algae, Fungi and Lichens (A) ALGAE 3.1 Introduction and Characteristics 3.2 Classification of Algae 3.3 Reproduction in Algae 3.4 Life Cycles in Algae 3.5 Class-Chlorophyceae 3.6 Chlamydomonas 3.7 Volvox 3.8 Ulothrix 3.9 Coleochaete 3.10 Oedogonium 3.11 Spirogyra 3.12 Chara 3.13 Class : Xanthophyceae 3.14 Vaucheria 3.15 Class-Phaeophyceae 3.16 Ectocarpus 3.17 Sargassum 3.18 Class : Rhodophyceae 3.19 Polysiphonia 3.20 Economic Importance of Algae (B) FUNGI 3.21 Introduction and Characteristics 3.22 Pythium 3.23 Phytophthora 3.24 Zygomycotina 3.25 Mucor 3.26 Yeast 3.27 Eurotium (Aspergillus) 3.28 Chaetomium 3.29 Peziza 3.30 Basidiomycotina 3.31 Puccinia 3.32 Agaricus 3.33 Economic Importance of Fungi (C) LICHENS 3.34 Lichens Chapter 4. Bryophytes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Characteristics 4.3 Classification of Bryophytes 4.4 Riccia 4.5 Marchantia 4.6 Pellia 4.7 Class : Anthocerotae (Anthocerotopsida) 4.8 Anthoceros 4.9 Class - Musci (Bryopsida) 4.10 Funaria Chapter 5. Pteridophytes 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characteristics 5.3 Stelar System in Pteridophytes 5.4 Classification of Pteridophytes 5.5 Structure of Rhynia Fossil 5.6 Lycopodium 5.7 Selaginella 5.8 Equisetum 5.9 Dryopteris and Pteris 5.10 Marsilea Frequently Asked Descriptive Questions for B.Sc. Examination Multiple Choice Questions from PMT and other Competitive Examinations Section 2: Cell Biology and Genetics Chapter 6. Cell and Cell Organelles: Structure and Functions 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Cell Shape and Size 6.3 Structure of Plant Cell 6.4 Cell Organelles 6.5 Major Ergastic Substances of Plants Chapter 7. Cell Cycle 7.1 Interphase (Inter-Mitotic Phase) 7.2 Cell Division: Mitosis and its Significance 7.3 Meiosis Chapter 8. Nucleic Acids and Chromosome Organisation 8.1 (A) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) 8.2 (B) Chromosome Organisation 8.3 (C) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) 8.4 Central Dogma Chapter 9. Genetic Code 9.1 Introduction and Discovery 9.2 Properties of Genetic Code 9.3 Wobble Hypothesis Chapter 10. Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Nature of Proteins 10.3 Classification of Proteins 10.4 Structure of Proteins 10.5 Tests for Proteins 10.6 Mechanism of Protein Synthesis Chapter 11. Gene Regulation 11.1 Prokaryotic Gene Expression 11.2 Eukaryotic Gene Expression and its Regulation Chapter 12. Genetic Variation 12.1 (A) Mutation 12.2 (B) Polyploidy Chapter 13. Genetic Inheritance 13.1 (A) Early Theories of Heredity 13.2 Terminology 13.3 (B) Mendelism 13.4 (C) Post - Mendelian Genetics Chapter 14. Commonly used Tools and Techniques 14.1 Microscopy 14.2 Cell Fractionation 14.3 Autoradiography 14.4 Spectrophotometry 14.5 Microspectrophotometry 14.6 Cytochemistry 14.7 X-Ray Diffraction (X-Ray Crystallography) 14.8 Chromatography 14.9 Electrophoresis Frequently Asked Descriptive Questions for B.Sc. Examination Multiple Choice Questions from PMT and other Competitive Examinations Appendix A: Scientists who are Said to be Fathers of Different Branches of Botany Appendix B: Some Scientists and their Important Contributions Appendix C: Some Renowned Botanists of India Appendix D: Branches of Botany and Related Sciences Appendix E: Some Common Abbreviations Appendix F: Famous Books of Botany and their Authors Appendix G: Some Research Organisations, Institutions and Gardens in India Appendix H: Nobel Laureates in Botany and Related Disciplines Index