دانلود کتاب Karl Jaspers: Physician, Psychologist, Philosopher, Political Thinker

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Preface List of Sigles (Letters Concern the German Editions) Contents 1: Stages of an Arduous but Happy Life 1.1 Early Imprints in the Parental Home, Childhood and Adolescence 1.2 Serious Cuts in the Life Course 1.2.1 The Incurable Disease 1.2.2 The Unconditionality and Happiness of the Marital Relationship 1.3 Period of Study, Dissertation and Academic Career 1.4 From Psychiatry Via Psychology to Existential Philosophy 1.5 The Shock of the Nazi Dictatorship 1.6 From Existential Philosophy to the Philosophy of Reason and Politics 1.7 Appealing Teaching as a Lifelong Challenge 2: Encounter with Two Controversial Thinkers: Max Weber and Martin Heidegger 2.1 The Formative Encounter with Max Weber 2.2 The Ambivalent Relationship to Martin Heidegger 3: What Is the Meaning of Being Human? 3.1 The Human Being and the Antinomian Basic Structure of Existence 3.2 The Human Being as Empirical Ego or Objectifiable Existence 3.3 Foundering as a Positive Impulse for Self-Realization 3.3.1 Self-Realization by Overcoming Borderline Situations (Death, Suffering, Guilt, Struggle for Life) 3.3.2 Self-Realization in Interpersonal Communication 3.4 The Human Being in Relation to the Encompassing, Transcendent Being 3.5 Being Human Through Reason 4: Liberal Ethos of Humanity, Science and Education 4.1 Was Jaspers a Moralist of the Twentieth Century? 4.2 On the Appellative-Ethical Intention of Philosophizing 4.3 Are Humane Value Positions Irrational from Jaspers’ Point of View? 4.4 Humane Values of the Liberal Ethos of Humanity 4.4.1 Humane Values in Coping with Borderline Situations 4.4.2 Humane Values for the Success of Interpersonal Communication 4.4.3 Humane Values in the Context of Reason 4.4.4 Humane Values for Political Action 4.5 The Limits of the Humane Values of Openness and Tolerance 4.6 Personality-Building Values as Educational Ideals 4.7 The University as an Institution of Enlightenment 4.8 The University as a Mediator of Values for the Formation of Personality 4.9 Principles of Scientific Thinking 4.10 Moral Implications of the Scientific Way of Thinking 4.11 The University and Political Culture 5: Transcendence and the Metaphysics of Ciphers Instead of the Belief in Revelation of a Personal God 5.1 Transcendence as the Non-representational Ground of Being 5.2 Indirect References to Transcendence and the Danger of Mysticism 5.3 Ciphers as the “Language” of Transcendence 5.4 Metaphysics of Ciphers as an Alternative to the Personal Idea of God 5.5 Ideas of Gods and Myths as Ciphers of Transcendence and the Rejection of the Demythologization of the Bible 5.6 Jesus Is Not Christ, But an Authoritative Figure in the History of Mankind 6: Philosophical Faith in Reason as an Alternative to Religious Faith in Revelation 6.1 The Personal Distance to the Christian Faith 6.2 “Catholicity” as a Negative Ideal Type of Faith in Revelation 6.3 Philosophical Faith in Reason as an Antithesis to Religious Faith 6.4 Philosophical Faith and Universal Communication 7: On the Meaning of History and the Axial Age in World History 7.1 Different Aspects of the Approach to History 7.2 Four Main Epochs in World History and the Axial Age Thesis 7.3 History Has No Immanent Meaning 7.4 The Axial Age Thesis in Context of the Danger of an Atomic War 8: World History of Philosophy and Vision of a “World Philosophy” 8.1 History of Philosophy in World Historical Perspective 8.2 The Multi-Aspectual Concept of the World History of Philosophy 8.3 The Vision of a Future “World Philosophy” 9: Provocative Statements on German Policy of His Time 9.1 The Path to Politics 9.2 “The Intellectual Situation of the Time” as a Precursor of Political Criticism in the Post-War Period 9.3 Dealing with the Guilt of the Germans for National Socialism 9.4 The Political-Moral Background of Reflections on History After 1945 9.5 Concern for the Future of Man in the “Cold War” Phase of the Atomic Bomb Age 9.6 The Provocative Statement on the Doctrine of German Reunification 9.7 Public Statement on the Domestic Debate on the Statute of Limitation of Punishments for Nazi Crimes (1965) 9.8 Massive Criticism of Political Conditions in the Federal Republic of Germany (1966) 9.9 Last Reaction to Criticism of His Critique of German Policy (1967) 10: Political Philosopher or Merely Political Writer? 10.1 The Dissention Concerning the Term “Political Philosopher” 10.2 As Political Philosopher Pointing to the Normative-Moral Dimension of Politics 11: The Idea of Democracy, Reason and Politics 11.1 Basic Principles of the Idea of Democracy 11.2 Moral Values of a Reasonable Politics 11.3 Individuality and Democratic Politics 11.4 Totalitarian Ideological Tendencies in Political Thought 11.5 Reason, Politics and Universal Communication 12: On the Versatility of Jaspers’ Thinking 12.1 Contributions to Several Fields of Philosophy 12.2 Philosophy of Knowledge and Science 12.3 Philosophy of Culture and History 12.4 Philosophy of Religion and Metaphysics 12.5 Philosophical Anthropology and Ethics 12.6 Philosophy of Education and Learning 12.7 History of Philosophy 12.8 Political Philosophy 13: Impact and Topicality 13.1 Reception in Europe and Non-European Countries 13.2 Precursor of Intercultural Philosophy 13.3 The Axial Age Thesis as an Impulse for Research in Religious, Social and Cultural Studies 13.4 Effect on German Policy? References Index