دانلود کتاب Logics and Languages

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Original Title Page Original Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Note on References Introduction Part I Propositional Languages 1 Syntax and Semantics of Propositional Languages Syntax Semantics Indexical semantics 2 Propositional Logics Validity Truth-functional logic Modal logic Axiomatic systems 3 The Metaphysics of Propositions Basic particular situations Propositions Synonymy Postscript 4 The Structure of Propositions Language learning and innate ideas Meaning algebras The logical structure of propositions Semantic information Indeterminacy Part II Categorial Languages 5 Pure Categorial Languages Zero-order languages Intensional objects Categorial languages Frege's principle 6 Abstraction and λ-categorial Languages Quantifiers λ-categorial languages λ-conversion λ-categorial languages and ordinary language 7 The Metaphysics of Categorial Languages Basic individuals Things Self-reference Quotation 8 Pragmatics Contexts of use Utterances Context-dependent interpretations Presuppositions Contexts and quotation Part III English as a Categorial Language 9 Some Parts of Speech A λ-categorial base for English Nominals Nouns and verbs Determiners Abstract nouns and mass nouns Adverbs and adjectives Prepositions Nominals and scope 10 More Parts of Speech The auxiliary do Conjunctions Relative and reflexive pronouns The collective sense of nominals that clauses Infinitives 11 Context-dependence in English Personal pronouns Pronouns as bound variables More about the definite article The verb to be Part IV English as a Natural Language 12 Words and Morphemes Surface structure Pluralization Other morphemes Time, tense and aspect Verb modification Participles Gerunds 13 Obtaining Natural Languages A revised account of utterance languages The noun-verb distinction Scope indicators Transformations 14 Meaning and Use Meaning and truth conditions Explicit performatives Implicit performatives Questions Conversational meaning Appendix I Some Background Notions Appendix II A Uniqueness Theorem Bibliography Index of Authors Index of Subjects Lexicon