دانلود کتاب Our Common Denominator: Human Universals Revisited

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List of Tables Preface Introduction Chapter 1. Humankind: Current Societal Debates Universal Postulates Everywhere! Popular Universality in Visual Media: “The Family of Man” Normative Universalism Chapter 2. A World of Cultures: Their Differences and Likenesses Finding Patterns in Diversity: George Peter Murdock and Donald Edward Brown Universals as Subject Matter: Concept, Terms and Metaphors Universals do matter: The Relevance of Universals in General and for Cultural Studies Universals in Cultural Anthropology Today: the forgotten Half in the Science of Humanity Chapter 3. Cultures and Human Nature: Human Beings are biologically Cultural The Nexus of Intra-cultural Diversity and Universals Human Nature and the Proper Image of Who We Are Homo sapiens: Uniqueness versus Special Status Chapter 4. Universals: Examples from Several Realms Qualifying Remarks Narration and Expressive Culture Sociality Worldview and Images of Humanity Rituals and Beliefs Cognition and Knowledge Languages and Speaking Behavior and Experience Gender, Sexuality and Social Reproduction Chapter 5. Methods: Deduction, Case Studies and Comparison Finding Potential Candidates and Deducing from Theory Case Studies: Testing Postulated Universals Concepts beyond Cultural Bias? Inventories of Universals Evaluating Lists of Universals and Holistic Forms of Representation Cross-cultural Comparison Cross-species Comparison Chapter 6. Taxonomy: The Forms, Levels and Depth of Universals Levels, Spheres and Time Frame Substance and Depth Degree of Universality Conditional Universals and other Specific Forms Relations between basic Anthropological Orientations Chapter 7. Toward Explanation: Why do Universals exist? Ten Pitfalls in Research and in Anti-universalism Systematics of Explanatory Approaches Cultural Contact: Universals through Cultural Transfer and Diffusion Function, Convergence and Structural Implication: Emerging Universals through Real-Life Circumstances Evolution: Universals Based on Adaptation Complex Causes Chapter 8. Critical Positions: Arguments against Universalism Reification, Hidden Syllogisms and Implicit Primitivity Relativist and Empirical Criticisms Fundamental Criticism: Charges of Eurocentrism and Hegemony Chapter 9. Synthesis: Human Universals and the Human Sciences Bibliography Index