دانلود کتاب Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Modern Birkhäuser Classics)

فهرست مطالب :

Cover
Modern Birkhäuser Classics
Physics and National Socialism
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
1 Aim and General Description of the Anthology
1.1 Purpose of the Introduction
1.2 Organization of the Anthology
2 Notes on the Historiography of National Socialism
3 The Impact of Nazi Science Policy on Physics Instruction and Research
3.1 The Changing Attitude of Scientists within Germany
3.2 Science Policy Measures after 1934
3.3 Faculty Membership in Nazi Organizations
3.4 Student Enrollment in the Sciences
4 Emigration Research
4.1 General Emigration Statistics
4.2 The Emigration of Scholars, Scientists and Engineers
4.3 Emigration Statistics by Region and Discipline
4.4 Reaction to the Dismissals and to the First Wave of Emigrations
4.5 Host and Transit Countries
4.6 Emigre Relief Organizations
5 Physics in Nazi Germany
5.1 Institutions Connected to Physical Research
5.2 German Physical Associations
5.3 The Protracted Conflict between Experimental and Theoretical Physics and the Emergence of the \'Aryan Physics\' Movement
5.4 Physical Research in Germany between 1933 and 1945
5.5 The Legacy of National Socialism
6 Style and Rhetoric
7 The Text
7.1 Tips for the User
7.2 A Note on the Translation
7.3 Acknowledgments
Part I Controversies Prior to 1933
1 Albert Einstein: My Reply. On the Anti-Relativity Theoretical Co., Ltd. [August 27, 1920]
2 Max von Laue: Review of Johannes Stark\'s \'The Current Crisis in German Physics\' [January 12, 1923]
3 Philipp Lenard & Johannes Stark: The Hitler Spirit and Science [May 8, 1924]
4 Albert von Brunn: Review of \'100 Authors against Einstein\' [March 13, 1931]
Part II After the Nazi Seizure of Power
5 Lise Meitner: Letter to Otto Hahn [March 21, 1933]
6 Albert Einstein: Letters to the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Academy\'s Response [March 28-April 5, 1933]
Letter of Resignation, Antwerp, March 28, 1933
Prussian Academy of Sciences Press Release. Berlin, April 1, 1933
Einstein\'s Response, Le Coq sur Mer, April 5, 1933
7 Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service [April 7, 1933)
8 First Ordinance on the Implementation of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service [April 11, 1933]
Voluntary Resignation of Prof. James Franck.
9 Voluntary Resignation of Prof. James Franck [April 17, 1933]
10 Edith Hahn: Letter to James and Ingrid Franck [April 22, 1933]
11 Gottingen University Lecturers: Professor Franck\'s Resignation [April 24, 1933]
Professor Franck\'s Resignation Franck\'s Tender of Resignation an Act of Sabotage of the National Government\'s Domestic and Foreign Political Activities- A Declaration by the Gottingen University Lecturers
12 Law against the Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities [April 25, 1933]
13 Wolfgang Kohler: Conversations in Germany [April 28, 1933]
14 The Spirit at Universities [April 28, 1933]
15 Fritz Haber: Letter of Resignation to the Prussian Minister of Sciences, Arts and Culture Rust [April 30, 1933]
16 James Franck: Letter to Walther Gerlach [May 3, 1933]
17 Third Ordinance on the Implementation of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service [May 6, 1933]
18 Philipp Lenard: A Big Day for Science. Johannes Stark Appointed President of the Reich Physical and Technical Institute [May 13, 1933]
19 Max von Laue: The Change in the Reich Physical and Technical Institute Presidency in the Spring of 1933
20 Hans Kopfermann: Letter to Niels Bohr [May 23, 1933]
21 The Scientific Situation in Germany [June 2, 1933]
22 Werner Heisenberg: Letter to Max Born [June 2, 1933]
23 Carl Bosch: Letter to Fritz Haber [June 16, 1933]
24 Fritz Haber: Letter to Carl Bosch, June 22, 1933
25 Governor of Hessen Jakob Sprenger: Dismissal of Prof. George Jaffe from the Civil Service [June 26, 1933]
In the Name of the Reich
26 Sir Joseph John Thomson: Letter to George Jaffe (July 18, 1933]
27 Max von Laue: Opening Address at the Physics Conference in Wiirzburg [September 18, 1933]
28 Johannes Stark: Organization of Physical Research [September 18, 1933]
29 Max von Laue: Fritz Habert t [February 16, 1934]
30 Kaiser Wilhelm Society: Record of a Conference Regarding the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics [June 22, 1934]
31 Max von Laue: On Heisenberg\'s Uncertainty Relations and their Epistemological Significance [June 29, 1934]
32 Johannes Stark: Personal Evaluations of Gustav Hertz and Richard Gans for the German University Lecturers Association [November 8, 1934]
33 Gustav Mie: Letter to Max von Laue [November 20, 1934]
34 Max von Laue: Letter to Gustav Mie [November 22, 1934]
35 Max Wien: Physics at German Universities [Late November 1934]
36 Law on the Retirement and Transfer of Professors as a Result of the Reorganization of the German System of Higher Education [January 21, 1935]
37 Martin Nordmeyer: Letter to Lise Meitner [May 21, 1935]
38 Max Planck: Progress Report by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of the Sciences (April 1934 to the End of March 1935) [June 28, 1935]
39 Philipp Lenard: Foreword to \'German Physics \'[August 1935]
40 Johannes Stark: Philipp Lenard: An Aryan Scientist.Speech at the Inauguration of the Philipp Lenard Institute in Heidelberg [December 13, 1935]
41 Nazi-Socialism and International Science [December 14, 1935]
Part III The Ideological Schism: 1936-1939
42 Willi Menzel: German Physics and Jewish Physics [January 29, 1936]
43 Werner Heisenberg: On the Article: \'German and Jewish Physics\' [February 28, 1936]
Reply by Prof. Dr. Heisenberg
44 Johannes Stark: Comment on W. Heisenberg\'s Reply [February 28, 1936]
Comment by Prof. J. Stark
45 Max von Laue: Review of Philipp Lenard\'s \'German Physics\' [February 29, 1936]
46 Ernst Gehrcke: How the Energy Distribution of BlackBodyRadiation Was Really Found [April 3, 1936]
47 Peter Debye: Comment on the Preceding Article by E.Gehrcke: \'How the Energy Distribution of Black-Body Radiation Was Really Found\' [May 4, 1936)
48 Peter A. Thiessen: Physical Chemistry in the National Socialist State [May 9, 1936]
49 Werner Heisenberg, Hans Geiger & Max Wien. Petition [Spring 1936)
50 Reich Education Ministry: Memorandum to Reich Education Minister Bernhard Rust [October 2, 1936]
51 Germany and the Nobel Prizes [February 12, 1937]
52 Bernhard Rust: Creation of a Research Council [March 16, 1937]
53 Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture: The Taking of a Doctorate by Jews of German Nationality [April 15, 1937]
54 Peter Debye: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics [April 23, 1937]
55 \'White Jews\' in Science [July 15, 1937]
Jews by Mentality [\'Gesinnungsjuden\']
The Dictatorship of Gray Theory
Einstein as a Cornerstone [\'Eckstein\')
The \'Ossietzky\' of Physics
56 Johannes Stark: \'Science\' IS Politically Bankrupt [July 15, 1937]
Tactics Changed
New Flood of Jews
57 Friedrich Hund: Letter to Reich Minister Rust [July 20, 1937]
Complaint about the President of the Reich Physical and Technical Institute, Prof. Johannes Stark.[1]
58 Carl Krauch: Youth to the Front Line. New Blood in Science and Technology [August 1937]
59 Fritz Heyer: Review of Erich Gunther\'s Military Physics. A Handbook for Teachers [April 18, 1938]
60 Carl Bosch: Letter to Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick [May 20, 1938]
61 Reich Interior Ministry: Letter to Carl Bosch [June 16, 1938]
62 Ludwig Prandtl: Letter to Heinrich Rimmler [July 12, 1938]
63 Heinrich Rimmler: Letter to Reinhard Heydrich [July 21, 1938]
64 Heinrich Rimmler: Letter to Werner Heisenberg [July 21, 1938]
65 Heinrich Himmler: Letter to Ludwig Prandtl [July 21, 1938]
66 Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture: Memorandum to State Secretary Otto Wacker [October 3, 1938]
1. Memorandum: Re: German Physical Society (President, Prof. De bye) and the German Society of Technical Physics (President, Dr. Mey).[1 ]
2. To Science Department Head, State Secretary Dr. Wacker[12]
67 Peter Debye: Letter to the board of the German Physical Society and enclosed draft letter to the German members [December 2 & 8, 1938]
To the German Members of the German Physical Society.
68 German Physical Society: Minutes of the Meeting of December 14, 1938 [December 14, 1938]
69 Percy W. Bridgman: \'Manifesto\' by a Physicist [February 24, 1939]
Statement
70 Ludwig Prandtl: Mechanics [c. April 1939]
71 Hans Geiger: Experimental Physics [c. April 1939]
72 Abraham Esau: Technical Physics [c. April 1939)
73 SS Head of the Central Office of Public Safety: Letter to Rudolf Mentzel enclosing Report on Heisenberg [May 26, 1939]
Re Prof. Werner Heisenberg, Leipzig.
7 4 Siegfried Fliigge: Exploiting Atomic Energy. From the Laboratory Experiment to the Uranium Machine Research Results in Dahlem [August 15, 1939]
Protons and Neutrons
A New Chapter in the History of Physics
The Energies of the Atomic Nucleus
Fantastic Energies
Taming Atomic Energy
The \'Uranium Machine\'
Part IV Physics at War: 1939-1945
75 Erich Schumann: Armed Forces and Research [1939]
76 Max Planck: Max von Laue. For the 9th of October 1939. [October 6, 1939]
77 Ludwig Glaser: Jews m Physics: Jewish Physics [November 1939]
I. Jews among Helmholtz\'s Students
II. Munich: A crystallization point for Jewish physicists.
78 Philipp Lenard: Foreword to \'Ideological Continental Blockade\' [February 1, 1940]
Comments 25 Years Later (December 1939):
79 Contract between the Army Ordnance Office and the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of the Sciences [March 6, 1940]
80 Bernhard Rust: Letter to the Army High Command [March 15, 1940]
81 Ernst Telschow: Foreword to Yearbook of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of the Sciences [August 1940]
82 Hans-J oachim Flechtner: Where does German Physics Stand Today? A Wartime Conference in Berlin [September 8, 1940]
83 Wilhelm Miiller: The State of Theoretical Physics at Universities [November 1940)
I. University Policy Tactics and Methods
II. Science and Dogmatism in Theoretical Physics
III. New Reponsibilities for Research in Theoretical Physics
IV. Science and the Turn of an Era
84 Ludwig Prandtl: Letter to Reich Marshal Hermann Goring [April 28, 1941]
85 Ludwig Prandtl: Attachment to the Letter to Reich Marschal Hermann Goring [April 28, 1941]
I. On Theoretical Physics
II. Particulars about the Lenard Circle
86 Carl Ramsauer: Letter to Ludwig Prandtl [June 4, 1941]
87 Pascual Jordan: Revolution in Science [September 1941]
88 Carl Ramsauer: Letter to Ludwig Prandtl [October 31, 1941]
89 Walter Weizel: Review of\'Jewish and German Physics\' [January 1942]
90 Carl Ramsauer: Letter to Bernhard Rust [January 20, 1942]
91 Carl Ramsauer: American Physics Outdoes German Physics [January 20, 1942]
92 Carl Ramsauer: Refuting Allegations that Modern Theoretical Physics is a Product of the Jewish Spirit [January 20, 1942]
93 Carl Ramsauer: The Munich Conciliation and Pacification Attempt [January 20, 1942]
94 Ludwig Prandtl: Letter to Carl Ramsauer [January 28, 1942]
95 Werner Heisenberg. The Theoretical Basis for the Generation of Energy from Uranium Fission [February 26, 1942]
96 Georg Dietrich Graue: Letter to Albert Vogler [March 13, 1942]
97 Albert Vogler: Foreword to \'Yearbook of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of the Sciences [after March 31, 1942]
98 The Fuhrer\'s Decree on the Reich Research Council [June 9, 1942]
99 Hermann Goring et al.: Record of a Conference Regarding the Reich Research Council, July 6, 1942
100 Hans Feitl: War Physics. Specific Weight \'Zero\'. Submarine Diving Conditions [May 30, 1943]
101 Paul Karlson: War Physics. Dropping Bombs. Wind Tunnel Tests [May 30, 1943]
102 Carl Ramsauer: The Key Position of Physics in Science, Technology and Armament [June 18, 1943]
103 Abraham Esau: Memorandum on the Budget of the Plenipotentiary of Nuclear Physics Research [November 19, 1943]
104 Kurt Diebner: Listing of Nuclear Research CommissionsEnclosed with a Letter to the President of the Reich Research Council [April 18, 1944]
Commissions in Nuclear Physics Research
105 A[braham]. Esau [July 16, 1944]
106 Heinrich Rimmler: Letter to Albert Speer [August 3, 1944]
107 Walther Gerlach: Letter to Reich Party Leader Martin Bormann [December 16, 1944]
Part V The Legacy of National Socialism
108 Lise Meitner: Letter to Otto Hahn [June 27, 1945]
109 Alvin M. Weinberg & Lothar W. Nordheim: Memorandum [November 8, 1945]
110 Wolfgang Finkelnburg: The Fight against Party Physics [c. 1946]
111 Samuel A. Goudsmit: War Physics in Germany [January 1946]
112 Samuel A. Goudsmit: German Scientists in Army Employment 1-The Case Analyzed [February 1947]
113 Hans A. Bethe & Henri S. Sack: German Scientists in Army Employment II-A Protest [February 1947)
114 Max Planck: My Audience with Adolf Hitler [May 6, 1947]
115 Werner Heisenberg: Research in Germany on the TechnicalApplication of Atomic Energy [August 16, 1947]
116 Samuel A. Goudsmit: Nazis\' Atomic Secrets. The Chief of a Top-Secret U.S. Wartime Mission Tells How and Why German Science Failed in the International Race to Produce the Bomb [October 20, 1947]
The radioactive smile
The mysterious German scientist
Villages surrendering by telephone
\'The Nazis worked for peace\'
117 Max von Laue: The Wartime Activities of German Scientists [April 1948]
118 Philip Morrison: A Reply to Dr. von Laue (April 1948]
119 Samuel A. Goudsmit: Our Task m Germany [April 1948]
The Kind of Program That Must Be Developed
120 Lise Meitner: Letter to Otto Hahn [June 6, 1948]
121 Walther Gerlach: Affidavit on Rudolf Mentzel[December 13, 1948]
Affidavit
Appendix
A Professional Institutions and Associations
B State and Military Institutions
C National Socialist Organizations
D Some Major Industrial Firms
E Journals and Periodicals
F Biographical Profiles
Bibliography
Abbreviations
References
Name Index
Editor’s Errata List
back-matter