دانلود کتاب Spinal Cord Stimulation Implantation: Percutaneous Implantation Techniques

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Contents......Page 10
History......Page 14
The Gate Theory of Pain Reduction......Page 16
Mechanism of Action......Page 17
Equipment Overview......Page 18
Current Status......Page 19
Warnings......Page 20
Further Reading......Page 21
Indications for Spinal Cord Stimulation......Page 24
FDA-Approved Indications......Page 25
Contraindications......Page 26
Medical Considerations......Page 27
Psychological Contraindications and Testing......Page 29
Psychological Preparation......Page 30
References......Page 31
Further Reading......Page 33
Appendix A: Sample Letter of Medical Necessity for Spinal Cord Stimulation......Page 42
Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions About Spinal Cord Stimulation......Page 43
Appendix C: Checklist of Patient Education Topics......Page 45
Radiation......Page 48
Biologic Effects of Radiation......Page 50
Reducing Exposure to Radiation......Page 51
Fluoroscopy for Spinal Cord Stimulation......Page 53
References......Page 54
Surgical Site Infections......Page 56
Terms and Concepts......Page 57
Ventilation and Filtering......Page 58
Preoperative Preparation: Home Preparation......Page 59
Operative Preparation: Scrubbing and Draping......Page 60
Physician Preparation: Hand Scrubbing, Gowning, and Gloving......Page 61
References......Page 62
Ohm’s Law (V = IR)......Page 64
Epidural Space......Page 65
Anodes and Cathodes......Page 66
Dorsal Column Anatomy......Page 67
Pulse Width (Microseconds)......Page 68
Monopolar Stimulation......Page 69
Dual or Complex Cathodes, Current Steering, and Interleaving......Page 70
Electrical Stimulation Technology......Page 71
Current Versus Voltage Control......Page 72
References......Page 73
Further Reading......Page 74
Advantages of Percutaneous Trials......Page 76
Equipment......Page 77
Lead Locations in the Spine......Page 78
Loss-of-Resistance Technique......Page 79
Management During the Trial......Page 80
Further Reading......Page 81
Appendix A: Sample Dictation—SCS Trial......Page 82
Operative Procedure......Page 84
Patient Positioning......Page 87
Operative Procedure......Page 88
References......Page 95
Operative Procedure......Page 98
Two Needles at Same Vertebral Level on Opposite Sides of Midline......Page 99
Creating the Central Pocket......Page 100
Anchoring the Lead......Page 101
The Tunneling Procedure......Page 104
Further Reading......Page 105
Surgical Instrumentation......Page 108
Monopolar (Unipolar) Electrosurgery......Page 109
Cut Versus Coagulation......Page 110
Sharp Versus Blunt......Page 111
Retractors......Page 112
Forceps......Page 113
Tunneling......Page 114
Sponges......Page 115
Basic Suture Instruments......Page 116
Surgical Needles......Page 117
Holding the Needle Driver and Grasping the Needle......Page 119
Interrupted Sutures for the Deep Layer......Page 120
Continuous (Running) Subcuticular Skin Closure......Page 121
Surgeon’s Knot and Square Knot......Page 122
Two-Handed Square Knot......Page 123
Instrument Tie......Page 126
References......Page 127
How Much Additional Length Should Be Added for Strain Relief?......Page 128
Permanent Implantation Following Successful Tunneled Trial......Page 129
Where to Place the IPG Pocket......Page 130
The Tunneling Procedure......Page 131
References......Page 132
Sample Dictation Template......Page 134
Postoperative Instructions for Patients Having Spinal Stimulator Implants, Revisions, and Explants......Page 136
Sample Admit and Discharge Orders for Spinal Cord Stimulator 23-Hour Stay......Page 137
Sample Discharge Orders for Spinal Cord Stimulator 23-Hour Stay......Page 138
Phase 1: Hemostasis and Inflammation......Page 140
Phase 2: Proliferation and Fibroplasia......Page 141
Showering......Page 142
References......Page 143
Training......Page 144
Local Anesthetic Toxicity......Page 145
Inadvertent Subarachnoid Injection: The Total Spinal Block......Page 146
Infection......Page 147
Hematoma......Page 148
Dural Punctures and CSF Hygromas......Page 150
Dehiscence......Page 151
Cord Injury and Nerve Damage......Page 152
References......Page 153
Further Reading......Page 154
A......Page 160
E......Page 161
I......Page 162
P......Page 163
S......Page 164
W......Page 165
X......Page 166