دانلود کتاب The Ocean The Ultimate Handbook of Nautical Knowledge.

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Cover Title Copyright Contents INTRODUCTION BOATING Things a Coast Guard Rescue Swimmer Has Always Wanted to Say Mau Piailug: The Man Who Restored Wayfinding MAU PIAILUG: THE NAVIGATOR THE POLYNESIAN VOYAGING SOCIETY RENAISSANCE OF POLYNESIAN CULTURE Start (and Stop) a Mutiny STARTING A MUTINY STOPPING A MUTINY Nautical Superstitions "Wonderfully, Essentially Human" A Chat with Christian Beamish ON OCEAN TIME ON THE OCEAN AS WILDERNESS ON THE VALUE OF LIFE AS A SEAFARER Sailing 101 ANATOMY OF A SAILBOAT HOW SAILING WORKS: POINTS OF SAIL AND TRIM ESSENTIAL HARDWARE AND TACKLE SLOWING DOWN OR "HEAVING TO" SHACKLES, THIMBLES, ANDOTHER BOAT HARDWARE Take Care of Your Boat Surviving at Sea: Safe Boating 101 NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION DEVICES NAVIGATION LIGHTS AND VISUAL DEVICES PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES FOOD AND SUPPLIES Boater's Toolbox, aka the "Learn from Our Mistakes" Checklist SPACE-SAVING OPTIONS AND NECESSITIES GEAR WE LEARNED TO CARRY THE HARD WAY Make a Float Plan FLOAT PLAN Batten Down the Hatches: When Caught in Bad Weather WHAT TO DO IF CAUGHT OUT IN A BOAT WHAT TO DO IF CAUGHT ON THE BEACH Heave a Line and Tie Off to a Cleat HEAVE A LINE TIE OFF TO A CLEAT Driving the Saltwater Highway SHIPPING LANES ARE DANGEROUS! PASSING BOATS AND AVOIDING WAKES DIVER DOWN FLAGS Boating in Big Waves and Heavy Seas RUNNING "INTO THE SEA" BEAM SEAS RUNNING "BEFORE THE SEA" NEGOTIATING AN INLET DEPLOYING AN EMERGENCY SEA ANCHOR How to Right a Small Sailboat RIGHTING A MONOHULL RIGHTING A MULTIHULL OR CATAMARAN Be Shallow-Minded HOW TO AVOID GETTING STUCK HOW TO GET UNSTUCK HOW TO PULL ONTO A BEACH A Jet Ski Is a Boat, Not a Toy Top Ten Reasons Your Boat Won't Start Anchors Aweigh TYPES OF ANCHORS PREPARING THE ANCHORS ANCHOR, MAN: SET THE HOOK FREE THE HOOK ANCHORING TECHNIQUES AND TIPS So You Want to Buy a Boat Whatever Floats Your Boat: Sea Kayaks SIT-ON-TOP KAYAKS SIT-INSIDE KAYAKS Ocean Kayaking: Tour Planning and Supplies KAYAK GEAR YOU DIDN'T KNOW YOU NEEDED Paddling a Kayak: Going through the Motions SQUEEZING ABOARD A SIT-IN KAYAK DIFFERENT STROKES RIGHTING A WRONG, PART I: WITH HELP RIGHTING A WRONG, PART II: ON YOUR OWN HANDLING ROUGH WATER, WAVES, AND CURRENTS REACHING A BEACH COPING WITH TIDAL CURRENTS CROSSING A CHANNEL Internationally Recognized HandSignals Wakesurfing, Tubing, and "Towables" PREPARING TO TOW AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TOWING TECHNIQUES Carbon Monoxide Kills PREVENTING CO BUILDUP CO POISONING SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT Four Great Uses for a Dry Bag Booking a Charter Boat PRIVATE CHARTERS PARTY FISHING BOATS ETIQUETTE AND TIPPING Permission to Come Aboard: Loading, Boarding, and Seating AVOID THE SWAMP: KNOW YOUR BOAT'S CAPACITY Operate a Boat in an Emergency UNDERSTANDING THE HELM TAKING THE HELM STOPPING THE BOAT STARTING AN INBOARD OR OUTBOARD MOTOR STARTING A TILLER-STEERED MOTOR Trimming, Planing, and Steering: Essential Driving Skills Going for a Swim: Voluntarily and Involuntarily SWIMMING OFF THE BOAT— VOLUNTARILY SWIMMING OFF THE BOAT— INVOLUNTARILY "Crew Overboard!": A Rescue Primer INITIATE RESCUE POSITION THE BOAT BOARDING A CONSCIOUS VICTIM BOARDING AN UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM POST-RESCUE CARE Essential Nautical Knots and Turns Dogs on Boats Where Am I?: Nautical Charts, Compasses, and Landmarks NAVIGATING A NAUTICAL CHART LAT/LONG: A MATTER OF DEGREES TRUE NORTH: USING A COMPASS LANDMARKS: GET YOUR FIX To Become a Sailor, Go to the Sea The Beaufort Wind Scale Drowning in Ink: Proper Nautical Tattoos SURFING The Rise of Modern Surfing Do You Really Want to Start Surfing? A Chat with William Finnegan The Way of the Warrior Surfer Five Big Waves to See (and Maybe Surf) before You Die The Essential Surf Film Festival A FEW FAVORITE DOCUMENTARIES A FEW FAVORITE FEATURE FILMS Wetsuit 101 HOW WETSUITS ARE MADE WATER TEMPERATURE GUIDE WEARING A WETSUIT SURFING RASH WETSUIT CARE "The Most Challenging Simple Thing": Bodysurfing Boogie, Man: Bodyboarding HOW TO DUCKDIVE A BODYBOARD Shorebreak, Rip Currents, and Rogue Waves SWIMMING IN SHOREBREAK SHOREBREAK WITH A SURFBOARD OR BODYBOARD CAUGHT IN A RIPCURRENT The Ultimate Surf Van CHOOSING YOUR CRAB SHELL VINTAGE VS. MODERN POWER AND ELECTRONICS INNER SPACE OUTER SPACE Auntie Rell, the Queen of Makaha On Your Feet, Ye Scurvy Dog: Learning to Surf THE BASICS: PADDLING AND SITTING THE POP-UP: MAKING YOUR STAND SOUP CATCHIN’: RIDING YOUR FIRST WAVES PADDLING OUT: BEYOND BREAKING WAVES SITTIN' ON TOP OF THE WORLD: THE END OF THE RIDE: HANDLING WIPEOUTS Surfing's Twelve Commandments Teach a Kid (or Friend) to Surf GO SLOW AND KNOW YOUR STUDENT FIRST WAVES TAKIN' A LICKIN': THE FIRST WIPEOUT Know Thy Surfboard LEXICON OF A SURFBOARD TYPES OF SURFBOARDS Don't Surf Stormwater Buying Your First Surfboard BEGINNER'S ONLY: THE FOAMIE CHOOSE YOUR (FOAM) WEAPON SURF'S UP: HARD SURFBOARDS CARE AND FEEDING OF SURFBOARDS Go Pound Sand: Driving on the Beach GETTING UNSTUCK WHAT'S SUP?: STANDUP PADDLEBOARDS WALKING ON WATER PADDLING OUT AND JOINING THE LINEUP CATCH A WAVE HANDLING A WIPEOUT Surfing Commandments, Part II: SUP Rules Surf Wax GETTING SURF WAX OUT OF CLOTHES SCIENCE Why Ocean Exploration Matters Our Fossil Will Be Plastic MOST COMMON TYPES OF OCEAN PLASTIC A Dip of the Net: Plankton and Plastic Know Your Sea Monsters: The Largest Creatures in the Sea Tidepools 101 Portrait of a Wave Oceans in Motion: The World's Currents Of Gods and Monsters: The Legacy of the Whaleship Essex MOTHER EARTH, GODDESS OF THE WAMPANOAG NEPTUNE, GOD OF THE SEA MAMA COCHA, INCAN GODDESS OF THE OCEAN TA'AROA, GOD OF CREATION IN THE SOCIETY ISLANDS OLOKUN AND HIS WIFE, ELUSU, WEST AFRICAN SEA GODS MOTHER OCEAN What Is Kelp and Why It Matters Find Work aboard a Scientific Expedition Of a Feather: Meet the Seabirds Why Sharks Matter The Amazing Rays (and Skates) Restoring a Reef and a Way of Life How Does a Flying Fish Fly? TAKING FLIGHT Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay, Watchin' the Tide . . . SPRING, NEAP, AND SEMIDIURNAL TIDES Barrier Islands, Dunes, and Tidal Marshes ISLANDS ON THE MOVE DUNES NEED PLANTS TIDAL MARSHES: FUTURE BARRIER ISLANDS Mangrove Forests: Essential and Endangered Reading the Weather TRACKING CHANGE: USING A BAROMETER ANY WAY THE WIND BLOWS CLOUDS AND FOG FOG STORM FORMATION: COLD AND WARM FRONTS TYPES OF STORMS THUNDERSTORMS TORNADOES AND WATERSPOUTS TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES Become an Ocean Warrior: A Chat with Samantha Siegel Get Informed, Get Involved: Sea Saviors Behold the Octopus SURVIVAL Take Control when Panic Strikes Beach Flag Warnings Save a Drowning Soul: Drowning Rescue WHAT DOES DROWNING LOOK LIKE? ACTIVE DROWNING RESCUE RESCUE WITH A SURFBOARD OR FLOTATION DEVICE PASSIVE DROWNING RESCUE ADMINISTERING C.P.R., A.K.A. MOUTH-TO-MOUTH BREATHING CHEST COMPRESSIONS Save Your Skin: Sunblock Savvy and Sunburn USE SUNBLOCK . . . . . . WHILE PROTECTING REEFS HOW TO TREAT SUNBURN Bad Seafood and Deadly Fish PREVENTION EQUALS PROTECTION THE "EAT WITH CAUTION" LIST Open Stuff without an Opener TIN CAN GLASS BOTTLE WINE BOTTLE The Sting: Jellyfish Dangers HOW TO TREAT JELLY STINGS HOW NOT TO TREAT JELLY STINGS Spinal Tap: Don't Step on that Fish! TREATING PUNCTURE WOUNDS Deadly Strikes: Sea Snakes, Cone Snails, and Blue-Ringed Octopuses PRESSURE IMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE Escape a Tsunami HEAD FOR THE HILLS—OR THE HIGH SEAS Seasickness: The Seafarer's Curse The Bug-Out Bag, aka Life-Raft Supplies ESSENTIALS FOR OPEN-OCEAN SURVIVAL GEAR YOU'LL WISH YOU HAD Stranded: Island Survival FINDING AND REACHING LAND FIRST NIGHT ON SHORE BUILD A BASIC SHELTER SHELTER TIPS BASIC BOAT HULL SHELTER BEACH NEST WITH GRASS BED BOAT HULL LEAN-TO WATER WATER EVERYWHERE— A BITE TO EAT AVOID THE DEATH APPLE ISLAND PREDATORS Message in a Bottle: A Brief History Ultimate Maritime First-Aid Kit HARDWARE: THE ESSENTIALS HARDWARE YOU DIDN'TKNOW YOU NEED SOFTWARE: ESSENTIAL MEDICATIONS SOFTWARE: ADVANCED MEDS The Deepest Cut: Treat a Laceration Cold Shock and Hypothermia HOW LONG CAN YOU LAST? HITTING THE WATER: COLD SHOCK SURVIVING IN COLD WATER TREATING HYPOTHERMIA MILD TO MODERATE HYPOTHERMIA MODERATE TO CRITICAL HYPOTHERMIA Cold-Proof Yourself: Wim Hof's Breath Technique Too Hot: Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke RECOGNIZING AND TREATING HEAT EXHAUSTION HEAT STROKE Unleash Your Inner Seal: Increase Your Lung Capacity DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTIONS AND THE MAMMALIAN DIVE RESPONSE PRACTICE HOLDING YOUR BREATH STEP 1: "THE BREATHE UP" STEP 2: "THE BREATH HOLD" STRETCHING YOUR LUNGS "Mayday! Mayday!"—Distress, Urgency, and Safety Calls TYPES OF RADIO CALLS RADIO LINGO S.O.S.: Signal for Help SEMAPHORE MORSE CODE Abandoning Ship and Boarding a Life Raft JUMPING INTO THE WATER—ESPECIALLY FROM HIGH UP MANNING THE LIFE RAFT Survival Hydration NEVER DRINK SEAWATER OR URINE COLLECT FRESHWATER Life-Raft Cuisine Seeing Stars Climb a Coconut Tree Nautical Lore: The Pirate Code Surviving Kidnapping and Dangerous Ports of Call: A Chat with Michael Scott Moore EVALUATE DANGEROUS PLACES KEEP A LOW ONLINE AND PUBLIC PROFILE DON'T RELY ON GOVERNMENT HELP BE STRONG THROUGH HUNGER AND PANIC Bad Water: Red Tides and Algae Blooms SCUBA AND SNORKELING Getting Schooled FULL OPEN-WATER CERTIFICATION COURSE SHORT RESORT DIVE COURSES My Body Lies under the Sea PRESSURE DROP AVOID THE SQUEEZE: EQUALIZE Snorkeling and Scuba Gear SNORKEL DIVING WETSUITS MASK FINS BUOYANCY COMPENSATION DEVICE SCUBA TANKS, VALVES, AND REGULATORS OTHER SNORKELING AND DIVE GEAR Plan the Dive, Dive the Plan Getting In, Out, and Around Diving Hand Signals Dive Dangers TIRED DIVERS, CRAMPS, AND PANIC BREATHING TECHNIQUES: EASY DOES IT VISIBILITY AND CURRENTS THE BENDS AND A.G.E.: DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF D.C.S. AND A.G.E. Creatures and Coral: Leave Nothing but Bubbles Swimming with Sharks METHODS FOR AVOIDING SHARKS FENDING OFF A SHARK ATTACK Spearfishing and Free Diving SPEARFISHING AND FREE-DIVING EQUIPMENT LEARNING TO FREE DIVE SPEARFISHING TECHNIQUES EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED KNOW YOUR DINNER AND SHOOT SMART PAY YOUR TAXES AND HONOR THY FISH Rules for Found Objects BOTTOM LINE DIVING A SHIPWRECK OROTHER UNDERWATER SITE COASTAL CONCERNS How to Become a National Geographic Photographer EXPLORING THE OCEAN—WITH A CAMERA MY EVEREST MAKING A LIVING—WITH A CAMERA A Brief History of Time—Underwater FISHING How Smart Is a Fish? Ten Essential Fishing Knots Your Tackle Box: The "Must-Have" Gear List Catch a Fish with a Handline First-Time Anglers: The Rod, the Reel, the Cast A ROD IS A FANCY POLE REEL TIME: THREE CHOICES THE SPINCAST REEL THE SPINNING REEL THE BAITCAST REEL THE CAST On and Off the Hook: Saltwater Fishing Hooks REMOVING A HOOK FROM YOUR FLESH DIY Angler: Make a Fish Hook Saltwater Fly-Fishing: A Primer with Jimbo Meador YOUR ROD THE PERFECT CAST IN SIX STEPS Seven Saltwater Flies Types of Bait The Strange Life of a Fish What's the Best Time to Fish? GOING WITH THE TIDE THE RHYTHMS OF SUN AND MOON How to Catch a Crab METHODS FOR CRABBING COMMON TYPES OF CRABS How to Kill Fish and Crustaceans Humanely KILLING FISH HUMANELY KILLING CRUSTACEANS HUMANELY Catch and Release and Controversy: Letting Them Get Away DEEPWATER FISH GET THE BENDS Clean, Scale, and Fillet a Fish THE FIRST CUT: YOUR FILLET KNIFE PREPARE THE FISH: SCALING AND GUTTING FILLET AND SKIN THE FISH REMOVE THE BLOODLINE FILLETING A FLATFISH PREP WORK: COOK OR STORE FISH Fishing from a Kayak or SUP Pole a Boat and Gig a Flounder POLING A BOAT GIGGING A FLOUNDER Catch Shrimp Near Shore CAST NET AND SCOOP NET POLING FOR SHRIMP SEINE NETTING OR TRAWLING How to Throw a Cast Net HOW TO CAST PREPARING THE NET BITING AND HOLDING: PREPARING TO CAST CASTING THE NET REELING IN YOUR CATCH Fishing Spots and Techniques Eight Places to Fish Before You Die Selected Experts and Sources About the Artists Our Contributors Acknowledgments and About the Authors Chronicle Ebooks