دانلود کتاب A Teacher's Guide to Educational Assessment

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A Teacher’s Guide to Educational Assessment
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ASSESSMENT
Background to educational assessment
History of educational assessment
Purposes of assessment
Ethical issues associated with assessment
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 2
THE VARYING ROLE AND NATURE OF ASSESSMENT
Valid and reliable assessments are difficult to develop
The diverse nature of assessment
A final word of caution: The ‘assessment for learning’ versus ‘assessment of learning’ debate
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 3
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT
Score distributions
Agreement index: the correlation
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 4
VALIDITY AND VALIDATION OF ASSESSMENTS
Validity issues
Factors which reduce validity
Invalid uses of assessment results
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 5
THE RELIABILITY OF ASSESSMENT RESULTS
Reliability
Internal consistency methods
Reliability of criterion-referenced assessments
How high should reliability be?
Standard error of measurement
How can I increase reliability?
Effect of practice and coaching on reliability
How to purchase valid and reliable commercial assessments
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 6
ANALYSING TASKS AND QUESTIONS
Item difficulty
Further analysis of criterion-referenced results
Norm-referenced item analysis
Differential Item Functioning
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 7
OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT USING THE RASCH MODEL (FOR NON-MATHEMATICIANS)
Analysis of test results put into a context
Introduction to the Rasch model
Analysis of test results using the Rasch model
Have you kept your model fit?
The identification of mismeasured individuals
How do we treat the omitted responses?
Test development using Rasch model
The assumptions of the Rasch model
Can the test be split in two educationally meaningfull sub-scales?
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 8
THE PARTIAL CREDIT RASCH MODEL
Analysis of test results using the Partial Credit model
How to build a test from the scratch using the Rasch model
What to have in mind before analysing a dataset with the Rasch model
Further Reading
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 9
FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE RASCH MODEL
The Rating Scale Rasch model
Analysis using the Rating Scale mo
The multi-dimensional model
Computerised Adaptive Testing
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 10
PLANNING, PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF ASSESSMENTS
Developing assessment specifications
The preparation and administration of an assessment
Cheating and assessment
Special arrangements
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 11
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE: CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Types of test questions
How to assess knowledge using essays
How to assess knowledge using short answer questions
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 12
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE: SELECTED RESPONSE QUESTIONS
True-false, alternate choice and matching questions
Matching Questions
Alternate Choice
Corrections for guessing
Multiple-choice questions
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 13
ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE AND PRACTICAL SKILLS
Phases in the acquisition of a psychomotor skill
Stages in the development of expertise
Forms of assessment
Direct observation
Skills tests
Simulation techniques
Questioning techniques
Evidence of prior learning
Assessment types in performance based-assessments
Features of performance-based assessments: process and product
Judgment in practical tests
Setting standards for holistic assessment tasks
Using checklists in performance-based assessments
Using rating scales in performance-based assessments
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 14
ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR
Formative or summative assessment of attitudes
Using questionnaires to survey students
Using questionnaires to evaluate courses, teachers and instructors
Attitude scales
Observational forms of assessing attitudes
Information from supervisors
Assessing interests in formative assessments
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 15
GRADING PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS
The role of grading
Establishing cut-off points using the Angoff m
Mark conversion
Types of grading systems
Grading on the normal curve
Some practical guidelines for grading students
The analysis of evidence
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
CHAPTER 16
TEST EQUATING
Data collection designs for test equating
The technical details of the Anchor-Test-Nonequivalent-Groups equating
How to use the equipercentile equation in your school
Summary
Concluding remarks
Review Questions
Exercises
APPENDIX A: CODE OF FAIR TESTING PRACTICES IN EDUCATION
APPENDIX B: ASSESSMENT TOPICS AND RESOURCES
APPENDIX C: PERCENTILE RANKS AND STANDARD SCORES
Percentile ranks
Standard scores
APPENDIX D: AN INFORMAL DERIVATION OF THE RASCHMODEL
The Partial Credit Rasch model
APPENDIX E: ARITHMETIC TEST
APPENDIX F: STUDENT FEEDBACK ON TEACHING AND SUBJECTS
APPENDIX G: HOW TO USE MS EXCEL© TO ANALYSE RESULTS
APPENDIX H: ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
INDEX
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
REFERENCES AND NOTES