دانلود کتاب Academic Freedom Under Siege: Higher Education In East Asia, The U.S. And Australia

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Acknowledgments......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Chapter 1: Academic Freedom Under Siege: What, Why, and What Is to Be Done......Page 9
1.1 Defining Academic Freedom......Page 10
1.2 Academic Freedom as a Universal Value......Page 11
1.3 Academic Freedom Under Siege......Page 13
1.3.1 Erosion or a Lack of Shared Governance......Page 15
1.3.1.1 Eroded Shared Governance in Democracies......Page 16
1.3.1.2 Lack of Shared Governance in Authoritarianism and Semi-democracies......Page 18
1.3.1.3 The Importance of Faculty Organizations......Page 19
1.3.2 Erosion or Lack of Tenure and Job Security......Page 20
1.3.3 The University Rankings Game Versus Research and Teaching......Page 21
1.3.4 Student Evaluations of Teaching (SET) and Other Mechanisms of Faculty Control......Page 22
1.3.5 Extramural Speech Penalized......Page 24
1.4.1 Ideological Factors and the Consequences of Eroding Academic Freedom......Page 26
1.4.2.1 Politics in Democracies Eroding Academic Freedom......Page 28
1.4.2.2 Politics in Authoritarianism and Semi-democracies Harming Academic Freedom......Page 30
1.4.2.3 The Politics of Chinese Authoritarianism in the World......Page 32
1.5 Facing the Challenges......Page 35
1.6 Conclusion......Page 38
References......Page 39
Chapter 2: Commercialization and Corporatization vs. Professorial Roles and Academic Freedom in the USA and Greater China......Page 45
2.1 Sociology of Higher Education and the Political Role of Professors......Page 46
2.2 The Data and Methods of Analysis......Page 48
2.3 Commercialization and Corporatization and Their Constraints on Professorial Roles......Page 49
2.3.1 Commercialization and the Transformation of Professors into Organic Intellectuals......Page 50
2.3.2.1 Top-Down Management Styles vs. Shared Governance......Page 53
2.3.2.2 The University Rankings Game......Page 55
2.4.1 Academic Freedom and Roles of the Professoriate and Their Political Roles......Page 57
2.4.2 Academic Freedom, C&C, Research, and the Advancement of the Organic Role......Page 58
2.4.3 Academic Freedom, C&C, Teaching, and the Erosion of Professionalism......Page 59
2.4.4 Academic Freedom, C&C, Service, and the Lack of Critical Involvement......Page 61
2.5 Conclusions......Page 63
References......Page 64
3.1 Introduction......Page 69
3.2 Defining Concepts and Data......Page 70
3.3 Shared Governance and Faculty Research......Page 72
3.4 Shared Governance and Faculty Teaching......Page 74
3.5 Shared Governance on Professorial Services......Page 80
3.6 Conclusion......Page 86
References......Page 87
Chapter 4: Professors as Intellectuals in China: Political Roles and Academic Freedom in a Provincial University......Page 89
4.1 The Idezntities and Roles of China’s Intellectuals and How They Play These Roles and Exercise Academic Freedom......Page 90
4.1.1 The Identities and Roles of Intellectuals and the Academic Freedom They Exercise......Page 91
4.1.2 How Intellectuals Play Their Roles and Exercise Academic Freedom......Page 94
4.2 A Note on Our Research Methods......Page 96
4.3 Findings and Discussion......Page 97
4.3.1 Professors as Establishment/Organic Intellectuals and Their Academic Freedom......Page 98
4.3.2 Professors as Non-establishment/Professional Intellectuals and Their Academic Freedom......Page 101
4.3.3 Professors as Contra-Establishment/Critical Intellectuals and Their Academic Freedom......Page 104
4.4 Conclusion......Page 105
References......Page 106
5.1 Introduction......Page 111
5.2 Academic Freedom vs. Political Socialization......Page 112
5.3 Methodological Considerations......Page 113
5.4.1 The State’s Control of Universities in China......Page 114
5.4.2 The University’s Mixed Conduct on Academic Staff......Page 115
5.4.3 Students’ Expectations of Academic Staff......Page 117
5.5.1 Academic Staff’s General Perception of Academic Freedom at the University......Page 118
5.5.2 Academic Staff’s First Role: Helping the Party-State with Political Control by Practicing Self-Censorship......Page 120
5.5.3 Academic Staff’s Second Role: Pursuing Academic Freedom......Page 123
5.6 Discussion: The Role Duality of Academic Staff in the University......Page 126
5.7 Conclusion: Academic Freedom, Duality, and Chinese Higher Education......Page 128
References......Page 129
6.1 Introduction......Page 133
6.2 Conceptual Framework......Page 135
6.2.1 Performativity and Pro-competition Higher Education Policies......Page 136
6.2.2 Accountability......Page 137
6.2.3 Academic Capitalism and Educational Sovereignty Eroded......Page 138
6.3 Research Focus and Methodology......Page 140
6.4.1 Performativity Calculation Harms Teaching and Corrodes Academic Freedom......Page 143
6.4.2 How Politics Affects Higher Education Governance and Hence Academic Freedom......Page 145
6.4.3 Academic Capitalism and Educational Sovereignty......Page 146
6.4.4 Conflicts Between Academic Roles and Public Intellectual Roles......Page 149
6.5 Conclusion......Page 150
References......Page 151
Chapter 7: In Search of a Professional Identity and Academic Freedom: Higher Education in Macau and the Academic Role of Faculty......Page 154
7.1 Some Key Features of Higher Education in Macau......Page 155
7.2 Academic Freedom and Professionalism: An Academic Identity......Page 157
7.3 A Note on Our Research Methods......Page 160
7.4.1 The Role of Faculty in Personnel Matters......Page 161
7.4.2 The Role of Faculty in Research and Teaching Policies......Page 162
7.4.4 The Creation of a Docile Faculty and Study Body: The Opposite of a Professional Identity......Page 164
7.4.5 Factors Affecting an Academic Professional Identity Formation......Page 166
7.5 Conclusions......Page 169
References......Page 170
8.1 Introduction......Page 172
8.2 Methodology......Page 173
8.3.1 An Overall View of Higher Education in Taiwan and University T......Page 175
8.3.2 Main Force of Commercialization......Page 177
8.3.3.1 Freedom to Decide What and How to Teach Is Affected......Page 179
8.3.4.1 Globalization and Internationalization......Page 180
8.3.5 Impact of Corporatization on Academic Freedom......Page 182
8.3.5.1 Freedom to Decide Why, What, and How to Do Research Is Affected......Page 183
8.3.5.2 Freedom of Teaching Is Affected by the Restrictions on Research......Page 184
8.4 Conclusion......Page 185
References......Page 186
Chapter 9: Turtles or Dragons? Academic Freedom in Japanese Universities......Page 188
9.1 Academic Freedom and the Japanese University: Some Key Themes......Page 190
9.2 Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University......Page 192
9.3 Japanese Universities in the Era of Postwar Liberal Democracy......Page 193
9.4 Stagnation, Austerity, and Attempts at Reform Since the 1990s......Page 196
9.5 The Abe Government and the Social Sciences: A Frontal Assault on Academic Freedom?......Page 199
9.6 The Position of Social Sciences and Humanities......Page 201
9.7 Controversial Research in a Hostile Climate: The Case of “Comfort Women”......Page 204
9.8 Conclusion......Page 207
References......Page 208
10.1 Introduction......Page 211
10.2 Accountability Discourses......Page 213
10.3 Austerity as Causa Belli......Page 214
10.4 South Korean Higher Education in Context......Page 215
10.5 From Labor Union Leader to Businessman......Page 217
10.6 Selective Repression of Academic Freedom......Page 218
10.7 Bedrocks of Korean Higher Education Reforms......Page 220
10.8 Conclusion......Page 221
References......Page 223
11.1 Introduction......Page 225
11.2 Legal, Cultural, and Sectoral Commitments to Freedom of Speech and Academic Freedom in Australia......Page 226
11.3 Depleted Capacity for the Exercise of Academic Freedom and Autonomy Within the Academy......Page 229
11.4 Corporatization and Commercialization of HE Policy Reforms Under Neoliberal Reforms and the Impact on Academics......Page 231
11.4.1 Commercialization of Research......Page 232
11.4.2 The Impact of Funding Cuts to HE Government Funding......Page 234
11.4.3 Shifts from Education as a Public to a Private Good......Page 237
11.4.4 The Impact of C&C on Academic Workloads and on Professional Autonomy......Page 238
11.4.5 Impacts of Increased Reliance on International Student Fees......Page 241
11.4.6 Defense of Academic Freedom from Foreign Influence......Page 242
11.5 Conclusion......Page 245
References......Page 248
Chapter 12: Afterword......Page 253
12.1 Summary and Scope......Page 255
12.2 The Siege Is in the Details......Page 257
12.3 Academic Capitalism......Page 259
12.4 Unravelling the Nests of Academic Life......Page 260
12.5 Passion, Prison, and Freedom......Page 262
Index......Page 264