دانلود کتاب Against Youth Violence: A Social Harm Perspective

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Front Cover Half Title Series Against Youth Violence: A Social Harm Perspective Copyright information Table of contents Series Editors’ Preface List of Figures, Tables and Boxes About the Authors Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction: Against Youth Violence and Against ‘Youth Violence’ A harmful society Why are we ‘against youth violence’? Against youth violence as a reality: we want there to be less violence between young people Against the connotations of ‘youth violence’ as a descriptive label: we want there to be less misconception about young people and violence Against the sensationalization and industrialization of ‘youth violence’: we want there to be less exploitation of young people’s suffering Structure and style 1 The Nature and Scale of Interpersonal Violence in Britain Introduction Sources of data: strengths and limitations Police recorded crime Hospital admissions data Crime Survey for England and Wales Interpersonal violence in England and Wales Interpersonal violence in London Conclusion 2 Developing an Approach to Social Harm Introduction Why not simply focus on ‘crime’ in children and young people’s lives? From crime to social harm Our approach to social harm Human flourishing Human flourishing as needs fulfilment Human flourishing as subjective well-being Summarizing our approach to social harm Distinguishing ‘social harm’ from (simply) ‘harm’ Structural harm and interpersonal harm Direct and inherent harmfulness Limitations and drawbacks of our approach Conclusion 3 The Importance of Mattering in Young People’s Lives Introduction The importance of mattering Black Lives Matter Why is the psycho-social concept of mattering helpful? What does it mean to matter? ‘The terrifying abyss of insignificance’ and the problem of over-entitlement: the experience of not mattering and the desire to matter ‘too much’ The cultural and emotional complexity of mattering The sense of mattering within individual self-narratives An insecure society? Social changes and global processes affecting young people’s sense of mattering in Britain today Conclusion 4 Social Harm and Mattering in Young People’s Lives Introduction Poverty and inequality The extent and nature of poverty and inequality affecting young people in Britain today The effects of poverty and inequality on children and young people’s sense of mattering Declining welfare support: under-resourced communities and social care systems Schools and education Provision for those with additional educational needs School exclusions Recruitment, training and support for teachers: the ‘teacher gap’ Students’ and parents’ relationships with school staff Inequalities of harm and mattering in the education system Unemployment and ‘marginal work’ Housing and homelessness Harm and subjectivity, structure and agency Relative prevalence of social harms Conclusion 5 Social Harm, Mattering and Violence Introduction The functions of violence and the factors most commonly associated with it The functions of physical interpersonal violence Factors which have the strongest association with violence Social harm, the struggle to matter and the propensity to engage in violence The psychology of mattering and violence Violent escapes from insignificance, agentic impotence, shame and humiliation Potency, domination and recognition in the phenomenology of violence The psycho-social connections between social harm, mattering and violence ‘In search of respect’ and in search of mattering: violence in structurally belittled communities Class and gender, political economy and patriarchy The ‘singular quest for significance’ and the role of violence within complex individual self-narratives Nihilistic violence Peer groups, gangs and ‘violent street worlds’: structural harm and violent assertions of mattering among groups of young people Peer groups, gangs, structural harm and violence Questioning the importance of gangs, stressing the role of ‘violent street worlds’ Applying the concepts of mattering and social harm to gang-related accounts of violence between young people Conclusion 6 Harmful Responses to ‘Youth Violence’ Introduction A perennial mythology of youth and violence? Demonize them Why and how is demonization harmful to young people? Connotations of ‘youth’ and ‘youth violence’ Victorian demonologies of youth, crime and violence Victorian conceptions of responsibility and vulnerability, wickedness and weakness The boundaries of Englishness: colonial ideas of savages abroad and at home Pathological families and the pathology of poverty Dangerous youth subcultures and gangs inculcating criminal habits Victorian demonologies in an era of Victorian inequality Today’s perils: ‘Black youth culture’, gangs, knives and ‘troubled families’ Some contemporary drivers of demonization Punish and control them Child and youth imprisonment A succession of court orders and injunctions Gang injunctions Knife Crime Prevention Orders Serious Violence Reduction Orders Consistent problems in this succession of injunctions and court orders Joint enterprise, stop and search and the gangs matrix Joint enterprise Stop and search Gangs Matrix Drugs policy Punishing and controlling responses to violence between young people Save them Remoralize them: fix their characters and remould them into ideal citizens Target the troublesome and enrol them on programmes that ‘work’ Industrialize the problem, commodify those affected by it Sensationalize the issue, particularly if it earns you donations and support Conclusion Conclusion: Towards a Less Harmful Society for Young People Introduction The central arguments of this book: social harm, mattering and violence between young people 2030: a near-future dystopia The changes that we need to improve life for Britain’s young people Recognition and resources, risk and retribution Recognition Redistribution of resources Risk (State) retribution Schools and education Exclusions Inclusive education, safeguarding and punitiveness What are schools for? The potential of schools to support their communities Support for young people before and beyond school: early years, children’s social care and youth services Early years Children’s social care Youth services One-to-one support for young people: relationships that make a difference Housing and local communities Employment Criminal justice, youth justice and policing Violence Reduction Units and the public health approach to violence Personal responsibility, proportional demands on services and funding What about personal responsibility? Many of the suggestions in this chapter place hugely unrealistic expectations and demands on important institutions and services All of these changes will be incredibly expensive to the taxpayer Address harm, reduce inequality, enhance care References Index Back Cover