دانلود کتاب An Archaeological Palimpsest in Minoan Crete: Tholos Tomb a and Habitation at Apesokari Mesara (Prehistory Monographs, 70)

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Cover\nTitle Page\nTable of Contents\nAcknowledgments\nTholos Tomb A\nIntroduction and Scope\nA Local Burial Landscape:Theoretical Premises and Methodology\nHistory of Excavation\nThe Architecture of Tholos Tomb A\nPlacing Tholos Tomb A in the VisualLandscape of Apesokari\nClay and Stone Finds from Tholos Tomb A\nEvidence from Human Remains\nAncient DNA Analysis of the HumanSkeletal AssemblageA Pilot Study of Prepalatial and Protopalatial Southern Mesara in Crete\nBuilding on Vigla Hill\nIntroduction, Architecture, and Layout\nStratigraphy and Clay Finds from the Vigla Building\nA Survey by Space: Pottery Sequences and Diachronic Use\nStone Objects and Shells\nLiving with the Dead: Landscape,Ancestors, and Agency at Apesokari\nFinds and Space as Evidence for Function and Use of the Domestic Areas at Vigla\nMortuary Practices: Burial, Curation of Human Remains, and Identity\nConclusions: Notions of Identity and Agency at Apesokari\nReferences\nTables\nFigures\nPlates\nPlate 1. Three-dimensional model of Tholos Tomb A. Created by P. Charamis; © G. Flouda and P. Charamis.\nPlate 2A. View of Tholos Tomb A and its surroundings from the west, with Vigla Hill in background. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 2B. View of Vigla Hill from the north. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 3A. August Schörgendorfer, wearing the Wehrmacht uniform, and his team during theexcavation of Tholos Tomb A in 1942. From A. Schörgendorfer’s photo album; © G. Flouda.\nPlate 3B. Local villager and child who participated in Schörgendorfer’s excavation of Tholos Tomb A in 1942. From A. Schörgendorfer’s photo album; © G. Flouda.\nPlate 4A. Tholos Tomb A annex and the paved area in 1942, from the north. From A. Schörgendorfer’s photo album; © G. Flouda.\nPlate 4B. View of the burial chamber in Tholos Tomb A from the southeast. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 5A. The burial chamber in Tholos Tomb A from the southeast. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 5B. Tholos Tomb A annex from the southeast. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 6B. Detail of Rooms C, D, and G with cuttings in the bedrock. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 7A. Room G and cuttings in the bedrock east of Rooms C and D. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 7B. Doorway of Tholos Tomb A showing the shallow step into the circular chamber. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 8A. Low scarp east of Tholos Tomb A from where the building material was probably quarried. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 8B. Local limestone deposits east of Tholos Tomb A. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 9. Exterior face of the north wall of Tholos Tomb A showing the protruding wedgelike stone. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 10A. Detail of the east facade of Tholos Tomb A with Doorway K in the foreground. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 10B. Circular pivot hole of Doorway K. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 11A. View of Room G showing the pillar, from the west (1942). From A. Schörgendorfer’s photo album; © G. Flouda.\nPlate 11B. Rooms C and D with detail of the bedrock, from the south. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 12B. External rubble face of Wall 1 from the west. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 13A. Detail of the point where the west end of Wall 1 abuts the tholos wall. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 13B. The entrance to the burial chamber, from the east. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 14. Clay finds and stone finds from the burial chamber of Tholos Tomb A: juglet (P1), cup (P2), jug (P3), pedestaled lamp (P4), bird’s-nest bowl (SV1), bowl (SV2), lid (SV3). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 15. Clay finds from Room D: cups (P6, P8–P19), teapot (P7). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 16. Clay finds from Room D: cups (P20–P39). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 17. Clay finds from Room D: cups (P40–P58). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 18. Clay finds from Room D: cups (P59–P79). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 19. Clay finds from Room D: cups (P80–P98). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 20. Clay finds from Room D: cups (P99–P117). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 21. Clay finds from Rooms E and G: clay wine-press model (P118), collar-necked jar (P119), lid (P120), larnax (P121). Scale 1:4, except P118 (scale 1:2). Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 22. Clay finds from Room G: larnax lid (P122), elliptical larnax (P123), pithos (P125). Scale 1:4. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 23. Stone finds from Room G: tumbler (SV4), bird’s-nest bowls (SV5–SV8), bowls (SV9–SV10), stone idol (SI1). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 24. Clay finds from the paved area of Tholos Tomb A: teapot (P126), jugs (P127, 129), bowl (P128), cups (P131–P134), pitharaki (P135). Scale 1:2, except P135 (scale 1:4). Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 25. Stone finds from the paved area of Tholos Tomb A: tumblers (SV11–SV16), alabastron (SV17), bird’s-nest bowls (SV18–SV27). Scale 1:2. Photos C. Papanikolopoulos; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 26B. Femur diaphysis from Tholos Tomb A showing modification from insect activity: subparallel striations and etching of the periosteal surface. Photo S. Triantafyllou and N. Papakonstantinou.\nPlate 27A. Porotic hyperostosis in the form of small and large scattered foramina on the frontal bone of cranium K6 from Tholos Tomb A. Photo S. Triantafyllou and N. Papakonstantinou.\nPlate 27B. Cribra orbitalia in the left eye orbit of an adult female individual found in Tholos Tomb A. Photo S. Triantafyllou and N. Papakonstantinou.\nPlate 28A. Right frontal bone from Tholos Tomb A showing indication of a possible healed depressed fracture. Photo S. Triantafyllou and N. Papakonstantinou.\nPlate 29A. View of Vigla Hill, the Psiloritis mountain range, and the western Mesara Plain, from the south. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 29B. The Vigla Building, from the south. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 30A. View of the karst landscape of Vigla Hill, southeast of the steep rocky mass at Oksys. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 30B. Detail of Vigla Hill’s limestone beds. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 31A. Waterfall at Oksys. Photo M. Neonakis.\nPlate 31B. View of the Vigla Building and the modern road to Miamou and Lendas, from the north, in 2010. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 32A. View of western Asterousia and the western Mesara Plain from Vigla Hill. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 32B. Detail of Vigla Hill’s bedrock, which has been carved out to accommodate foundations. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 33A. Course or terrace or retaining wall on the northwest slope of Vigla Hill. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 33B. View of the limestone quarry west of Vigla Hill, at the site of Laganás. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 34. Perspective-view model of the Vigla Building. Created by P. Charamis; © G. Flouda and P. Charamis.\nPlate 35A. Orthographic longitudinal cross-section A–Aʹ of the Vigla Building (east–west). Created by P. Charamis; © G. Flouda and P. Charamis.\nPlate 35B. Orthographic cross-section B–Bʹ of the Vigla Building (north to south). Created by P. Charamis; © G. Flouda and P. Charamis.\nPlate 36A. View of Rooms A, B, and D and Space C, from the north, in 2014. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 36B. Detail of the southeast corner of the Vigla Building, east of elongated Space III, in 2015. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 37A. Vigla Building, view of north part of Room D with Room B in the background, in 2014. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 37B. Vigla Building, view of Rooms A and Β, from the north, in 2014. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 38A. Vigla Building, view of Room A, from the east, in 2014. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 38B. Vigla Building, detail of the worked bedrock cliff-face in Room D, from the west, in 2014. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 39A. Vigla Building, Rooms A, B, and D, and Storeroom I, from the north, in 2014. Photo G.\nPlate 39B. Vigla Building, Storeroom I, from the east, in 2015. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 40. Vigla Building, Space III, from the south, in 2015. Photo G. Flouda.\nPlate 41. Pottery from Deposits 1 and 1b: pitharaki (P136), trefoil-mouthed jug (P149), pithoid jar (P152), askoid jug (P154). Scale 1:2. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 42. Pottery from Deposits 1b and 2: miniature tray (P157), jug (P167), fruitstand (P170), cylindrical tubes (P176, P176a, P179), miniature teapot (P182), jug (P194). Scale 1:2. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 43. Pottery from Deposits 2, 2b, 2c, and 3: askoid jug (P200), jar (P209), cooking trays (P213, P225), bridge-spouted basin (P237), kylix (P266), bull figurine (P273), lamp (P278). Scale 1:2 except P237 (1:3). Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeo\nPlate 44. Pottery from Deposit 3: collar-necked jar (P281), jar (P282), pithoid jar (P286), and slab-shaped object (P287). Scale 1:2. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 45. Pottery from Deposits 3 and 4: pithoid jar (P288), closed vessel (P291), open-spouted jars (P293, P305), lid (P296), hole-mouthed jar (P301, P301b), hand lamp (P302), jar (P304). Scale 1:2 except P304, P305 (1:3). Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion\nPlate 46. Pottery from Deposit 4: jug (P307), closed vessels (P308, P311), spouted basin (P315), pithoi (P319, P322), spouted tripod cooking pot (P329). Scale 1:3 except P307, P308 (1:4), P319 (scale 1:8). Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeological Mus\nPlate 47 Pottery from Deposit 5: closed vessel (P331), lid (P332), bridge-spouted jar (P333), pithos rim and base (P334, P335). Scale 1:3. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 48. Pottery from Deposit 5: pithoi (P342, P343). Scale 1:10. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 49. Pottery from Deposits 5 and 6: slab-shaped object (P345, profile and front), oval-mouthed amphorae (P346, P357), bridge-spouted jar (P350), jug (P351), bowl (P354). Scale 1:2 except P346 (1:3), P351, P357 (1:4). Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Ar\nPlate 50. Pottery from Deposits 6–9: bridge-spouted jars (P361, P394, P402), straight-sided cup (P373), closed vessels (P374, P403, P405), Palace Style vase (P375), hole-mouthed jar (P406), and firebox (P407). Scale 1:3. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Arc\nPlate 51. Pottery from Deposit 9: oval-mouthed amphora (P408), jug with cutaway spout (P409), S-profile cup (P413), straight-sided cups (P419–P420), bowl (P422), handleless cup (P425), pithoid jar (P429). Scale 1:3. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Archaeol\nPlate 52. Pottery from Deposits 9 and 10: Cooking dish (P437), handleless cup (P441), oval-mouthed amphorae (P442 [before full restoration], P461), basin (P449), lid or “spinning bowl” (P463), cooking tray (P468), cooking dish (P469), ledge-rim handleless\nPlate 53. Pottery from Deposit 10: spouted bowl or jar with horizontal side handles (P492), clay weight (P496), wide-mouthed jug (P498), askoid jug (P500), oval-mouthed amphora (P501), jug (P520). Scale 1:2 except P501 (1:3). Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleio\nPlate 54. Pottery from Deposits 10 and 11: basin (P535), bowl (P536), pitharaki (P543), miniature juglet (P574), pithos (P578), basin (P587), cooking trays (P594, P595), pyxis (P597), bridge-spouted jar (P600). Scale 1:3. Photos G. Flouda; © Herakleion Ar\nPlate 55. Pottery from Deposits 12 and 13: cup (P612), kalathos or “basket” cup (P615), stamnoid jar (P622), pithos (P629), footed tray(?) (P633), slab-shaped object (P635), beak-spouted jug with scoop (P637), closed vessel (P639). Scale 1:3 except P629 (\nPlate 56. Pottery from Deposit 13 and pottery without established provenance: closed vessel (P640), pithoi (P641, P642), beak-spouted jug (P643), closed vessel (P644), tripod cooking pots (P645, P646), pithos lid (P647). Scale 1:3 except P642 (1:8). Photo\nPlate 57. Pottery without established provenance: conical kados or pithos (P650), open-spouted bowl (P651), miniature teapot (P653), bridge-spouted jars (P655, P663), skyphos (P679), Vapheio cup (P710), S-profile cup (P733), stand or fruitstand (P747), pi\nPlate 58. Stone finds from the Vigla Building: grinder-pounder (S1), polisher (S2) grinder (S3), grinder-crushers/pounders (S4, S6, S9), pounder/grinder-crusher (S5), polisher-burnisher (S7), “pestle” (S8), weight (S10), burnisher/whetstone (S11), door\nPlate 59. Stone finds from the Vigla Building: working surface (S13), saddle quern (S14). Scale 1:3. Photos G. Flouda and D. Evely; © Herakleion Archaeological Museum.\nPlate 60. Finds from the Vigla Building: stone polisher (S15), grinder-crusher (S16), polisher(?) (S17), stalagmite (S18), pecking tool (S19), pumice (S21), and vessels (SV28, SV29); shell SH3. Scale 1:3 except SH3 (1:2). Photos G. Flouda and D. Evely; ©\nPlate 61. Stone table or base (SV30) from the Vigla Building. Scale 1:3. Photos G. Flouda and D. Evely; © Herakleion Museum.\nPlate 62. Seals in the Giamalakis Collection attributed to Apesokari (SS1–SS4). Photos © O. Krzyszkowska.\n_GoBack\n_GoBack\n_GoBack\n_GoBack\n_GoBack\n_GoBack\n_GoBack\n_GoBack