دانلود کتاب An Introduction to Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids

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An Introduction to Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids
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Contents
Foreword
Preface
1. Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and their Biomolecular Properties
INTRODUCTION
MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF MAAS
Basic Chemical Structure
Resonance Hybrid Structures
Factors that Affect the Molecular Structures of MAAs
DATABASE OF MAAS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
2. Distribution of MAAs
INTRODUCTION
MACROALGAE
CYANOBACTERIA
Cyanobacteria in which MAA Accumulation is Induced by UV Irradiation
Cyanobacteria in which MAA Accumulation is Induced by Salt and Osmotic Stress
Cyanobacteria in which MAA Accumulation is Induced by Temperature Changes
Cyanobacteria of the Genus Nostoc that are Resistant to Drought
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
3. Biosynthetic Pathways of MAAs and their Regulatory Mechanisms
INTRODCUTION
Biosynthetic Pathways of MAAs
Biosynthetic Pathway of 4-deoxygadusol, A Precursor Compound of MAAs
Biosynthesis of 4-DG from the Shikimate Pathway
Discovery of DHQS and O-MT by Genome Mining
Biosynthesis of 4-DG from the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Biosynthetic Pathway of MAAs Utilizing 4-DG as a Precursor
Gene Clusters for Biosynthesis of MAAs in Cyanobacteria
MAA Biosynthetic Genes in Species other than Cyanobacteria
MAA Biosynthetic Genes as Gene Resources
Substrate Specificity of NRPS/D-Ala-D-Ala Ligase
REGURATORY MECHANISMS OF MAA BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS
UV Irradiation Stress
Salt Stress and Osmotic Stress
Other Abiotic Factors
Nutrient Concentration
Temperature
Far-red Light
Bottleneck Factors in MAA Synthesis
Supply of Precursors of MAAs
Supply of Amino Acids
LOCALIZATION OF MAAS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
4. Analytical and Preparative Methods for MAAs
INTRODUCTION
Analysis of Maas and their Molecular Structures
HPLC Analysis of MAAs
Methods to Determine the Molecular Structures of MAAs
Measurement of Absorption Maximum Wavelength of MAA
Determination of Molecular Weight of MAA Molecules
Identification of Amino Acid Residues Contained in MAA Structures by Amino Acid Analysis
Characterization of the Molecular Structure of MAA by NMR Analysis
Shinorine
Porphyra-334
Mycosporine-2-glycine
NMR Conditions
Examples of Studies that Determined the Molecular Structures of MAAs
PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION OF MAAS
Preparation of MAAs
Extractions of MAAs
Chromatographic Separation
Practical Example
Production of MAAs
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
5. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 1: UV-protective Activity of MAAs and their Application as Sunscreens
INTRODUCTION
UV-A
Characteristics of UV-A and its Effect on the Skin
UV-B
Characteristics of UV-B and its Effect on the Skin
HELIOGUARD 365
About Helioguard 365
Properties and Activities of Helioguard 365
Stability of MAAs in Helioguard 365
Inhibitory Effect of Helioguard 365 on DNA Damage caused by UV Irradiation in Human Fibroblast Cells
Improvement of Skin Firmness, Smoothness, and Wrinkles by Helioguard 365
Inhibitory Effect of Helioguard 365 on Lipid Peroxidation
Enhancement Effect of Helioguard 365 on SPF Value
HELINORI
About HELINORI
Properties and Activities of HELINORI
Stability of Helonori
Suppression of Sunburn
Other Activities of Helonori
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
6. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 2: Antioxidative Properties
INTRODUCTION
ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES OF MAAS
EFFECTS OF MAAS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
7. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 3: Anti-inflammatory Effects
INTRODUCTION
EFFECTS OF MAAS ON UV-B-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
8. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 4: Anti-glycative Properties
INTRODUCTION
ANTI-GLYCATIVE PROPERTIES OF MAAS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
9. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 5: Inhibition of Collagenase Activity
INTRODUCTION
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF MAAS ON COLLAGENASE ACTIVITIES
CONCLUDING REMARKS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
10. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 6: Metal Chelating Abilities
INTRODUCTION
POTENTIAL METAL CHELATING ACTIVITIES OF MAAS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
11. Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 7: DNA Protective Property, Wound Healing Effects, Anti-Cancer Effects, And Applications in Horticulture and as a Film Material
INTRODUCTION
DNA Protective Properties of MAAS
WOUND HEALING EFFECTS OF MAAS
ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS OF MAAS
APPLICATION OF MAAS TO HORTICULTURE
APPLICATION OF MAAS AS FILM MATERIALS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Subject Index
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