دانلود کتاب Ancient Ghana and Mali

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Frontmatter\nPreface to the 1980 Reprint (page ix)\nPreface to the First Edition (page xi)\nPART ONE (page 1)\n I Antecedents (page 3)\n II The Soninke Kingdom (page 16)\n III The Almoravids (page 29)\n IV The Soninke Successor States (page 43)\n V The Emergence of Mali (page 53)\n VI The Kings of Mali (page 63)\n VII Mali in the Sahel (page 73)\n VIII The Weight of Songhay (page 84)\n IX Malinke Expansion and Political Fragmentation (page 94)\nPART TWO (page 103)\n X The Monarch and his Court (page 105)\n XI The Economic Basis of Government (page 115)\n XII The Gold of the Sudan (page 124)\n XIII The Saharan Trade (page 136)\n XIV Towns and Traders (page 153)\n XV The Staple Commodities (page 171)\n XVI Islam in the Sudanic Kingdoms (page 183)\n XVII Scholars, Pilgrims, Ambassadors (page 200)\n XVIII Ancient Kingdoms and New Republics (page 218)\nNotes (page 221)\nBibliography (page 255)\n (a) Primary Sources (page 255)\n (b) Modern Works (page 259)\n (c) Recent Publications (page 271)\n (d) A Topical Survey of Recent Publications (page 277)\nIndex (page 279)