دانلود کتاب Animal Models in Cancer Drug Discovery

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00\n Front-Matter_2019_Animal-Models-in-Cancer-Drug-Discovery\n Title Page\n Copyright_2019_Animal-Models-in-Cancer-Drug-Discovery\n Copyright\n Dedication_2019_Animal-Models-in-Cancer-Drug-Discovery\n Dedication\n Contributors_2019_Animal-Models-in-Cancer-Drug-Discovery\n Contributors\n Preface_2019_Animal-Models-in-Cancer-Drug-Discovery\n Preface\n01\n Role of animal research in human malignancies\n Introduction\n Rodents as a model for translational research\n Various types of animal models\n Animal models in human malignancies\n Xenograft mouse models of cancer\n A cell-line derived xenografts\n Patient-derived xenografts (PDX)\n Chemically-induced mouse models of cancer\n Mouse model of skin carcinogenesis\n Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of cancer\n Mouse gene knockout model\n Mouse conditional gene mutation models\n RNA interference (RNAi) mouse models\n Single-cell knockout mouse\n Mouse models for a gain of gene function\n Constitutive transgenic mouse models\n Knockin models\n Conditional transgenic and conditional knockin models\n Chromosomal translocation in mice\n Different techniques used to study the mechanism of tumorigenesis\n Genetic screening in the mouse\n Retroviral insertional mutagenesis\n Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis\n In vivo imaging of cancer in an animal model\n Optical imaging\n Positron emission tomography\n Magnetic resonance imaging\n Conclusion\n Conflicts of interest\n References\n02\n Preclinical models in ovarian cancer\n Introduction\n Tumor spheroid models\n Methodology\n Applications of the tumor spheroid model\n Challenges and limitations\n Genetically engineered mouse models\n Methodology\n Application of genetically engineered mouse models\n Challenges and limitations\n Patient-derived xenografts\n Methodology\n Applications of patient-derived xenograft models\n Challenges and limitations\n Nonmurine models of ovarian cancer\n Conclusions\n References\n03\n Animal models of cancer-associated cachexia\n Introduction\n Animal models of cancer-associated cachexia\n C-26-colon carcinoma model of cancer-associated cachexia\n Lewis lung carcinoma model of cancer-associated cachexia\n ApcMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer cachexia\n Murine adenocarcinoma 16 model of cancer-associated cachexia\n Walker carcinosarcoma 256 model of cancer-associated cachexia\n Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma model of cancer-associated cachexia\n Animal models of pancreatic cancer-associated cachexia\n Conclusions\n References\n04\n Imaging tools to enhance animal tumor models for cancer research and drug discovery\n Introduction\n Imaging tools used in preclinical cancer models\n Magnetic resonance imaging and hyperpolarized MRI\n Computed tomography imaging\n PET and SPECT imaging\n Fluorescence imaging\n Ultrasound imaging\n Animal models and applications of imaging modalities\n Ectopic tumor xenograft model\n Application of ectopic model\n Orthotopic xenograft models\n PDX model\n Application of PDX in imaging for cancer\n Translational challenges, prospects, and conclusions\n References\n Further reading\n05\n Protocols in genetic mice models of pancreatic cancer\n Introduction\n The need for genetic mouse models\n Genetically engineered mouse models for pancreatic cancer\n Genetic models of pancreatic cancer\n Protocols in genetic mouse models\n Fundamentals of mouse reproduction\n Breeding performance factors\n Types of breeding cages\n Breeding schemes\n Handling and restraint\n Setting up a breeders cage\n Checking the vaginal plug\n Weaning\n Tagging and tailing\n Tail snipping\n Ear punching\n Ear tagging\n Genotyping\n DNA extraction\n PCR and gel electrophoresis\n Preparation of the gel\n Sacrificing animals\n Euthanasia\n Summary and conclusions\n Acknowledgment\n References\n06\n Chemo-prevention and interception of obesity-promoted pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma\n Pancreatic cancer\n PDAC animal models\n Genetically engineered mouse models\n Transplantation models\n Carcinogen-induced models\n Obesity and T2DM as risk factors for PDAC\n Experimental models of obesity-associated PDAC\n Interventional strategies to combat obesity-promoted PDAC\n Metformin\n Statins\n Conclusions\n Acknowledgments\n References\n07\n Animal models of primary brain tumors\n Introduction\n Overview\n Terminology in animal models of CNS tumors\n Principles guiding the creation of animal models of CNS tumors\n Genetics\n Morphology\n Intratumor heterogeneity\n Immunity\n Practical considerations\n Societal considerations\n Animal models of glioma\n Overview\n Chemically induced models\n Xenograft models\n Syngeneic graft models\n Genetically engineered models\n Animal models in the study of glioma stem cells\n Animal models of ependymoma\n Animal models of pediatric high-grade glioma\n Animal models in glioma immune therapy\n Antibody-drug conjugates\n Tumor vaccines\n Viral therapies\n Checkpoint blockade inhibitors\n Rodent models of meningioma\n Rodent models of medulloblastoma\n Rodent models of CNS lymphoma\n Nonrodent models of primary brain tumors\n Spontaneous canine primary brain tumors\n Zebrafish models of primary brain tumors\n Conclusion: tradeoffs, limitations, and future directions\n Tradeoffs in animal models of CNS tumors\n Limitations of animal models of brain tumors\n Summary and outlook\n References\n Glossary\n08\n Metastatic brain tumor models and drug brain penetration analysis\n Introduction\n Metastatic brain tumors\n Animal models of metastatic brain tumors\n Ectopic injection produced metastatic brain tumor models\n Syngeneic metastatic brain tumor models produced by ectopic injection\n Xenograft metastatic brain tumor models produced by ectopic injection\n Orthotopic xenograft metastatic brain tumor models\n Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of metastatic brain tumor\n Conditional control of GEMMs\n GEMMs with brain metastasis\n Advantage of GEMMs\n Disadvantages of GEMMs\n Future studies on genetic alteration in GEMMs\n Comparison of different animal metastatic brain tumor models\n Blood brain barrier\n The blood brain barrier and its function\n Drug penetration through the BBB\n Drug brain delivery\n Exosomes\n Pro-drugs\n Peptide masking\n Permeability regulator\n Loaded microbubble plus focused ultrasound\n Nanoparticles\n Peptides\n Liposomes\n Other carriers and drugs for brain tumors\n Analytical methods for measuring drug brain penetration\n In vitro methods for measurement of drug brain uptake\n Brain microvasculature isolation and measurement\n Endothelial cell culture model\n Computerized prediction of drug uptake in the brain\n In vivo methods for measurement of drug brain uptake\n Intravenous injection and measurement\n Quantitative Autoradiography\n Tomographic method\n Brain microdialysis\n Brain perfusion\n Conclusion\n References\n Further Reading\n09\n A guide to tumor assessment methodologies in cancer drug discovery\n Introduction\n Mice models in cancer drug discovery\n Severe combined immune deficiency mice\n Nude mice\n NOG mice\n Immune competent mice\n C57BL6 mice model\n BALB/c\n Humanized mice models (huNOG)\n Practical aspects in tumor model maintenance and therapy\n Generation of subcutaneous tumors\n Generation of orthotopic tumor model\n Preclinical antitumor efficacy trials of anticancer drugs in mice models\n Tumor assessment methodologies\n Tumor growth delay (T-C value) analysis\n Tumor growth inhibition (T/C value) analysis\n Tumor cell kill (total) analysis\n Log10 cell kill (net)\n Host life span increase (%) for orthotopic models\n Animal models for drug toxicity screening\n Acute toxicity\n Summary\n Acknowledgments\n References\n10\n Mouse models of pancreatic cancer: An ever-emerging arm of cancer drug discovery\n Introduction\n Animal models for therapeutics\n Cell line-derived xenografts\n Patient-derived xenografts models\n Genetically engineered mouse models\n GEM-derived allograft models\n Animal models for chemoprevention and early-intervention strategies\n Challenges of clinical recapitulation in patients: Pros and Cons of each model\n Personalized precision medicine: Use of avatars and in silico perspective\n Conclusions\n Acknowledgments\n References\n11\n Mouse models of gastrointestinal cancers in drug development and research\n Introduction\n Mouse models of colorectal cancers\n Genetically engineered mouse models\n Apcmin/+ mice\n Other germline genetically engineered models of CRC\n In Vivo transplant models\n Cell line xenograft\n Organoid xenografts\n Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX)\n Orthotopic transplant models\n Carcinogen-induced mouse models\n Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model\n Gastric cancers\n Helicobacter infection models\n Pancreatic cancer\n Transgenic mouse models\n Genetically engineered mouse models\n Xenograft mouse models\n Orthotopic xenograft model\n Conclusion\n References\n12\n Preclinical animal tumor models to study prevention of colon cancer recurrence by curcumin\n Introduction\n Colon carcinogenesis: Use of different mouse models for colon cancer\n Chemopreventive strategies\n Future perspective\n Acknowledgments\n References\n13\n Role of 3D tissue engineering models for human cancer and drug development\n Introduction\n Tumor models\n 3D tumor model\n Types of 3D tumor model\n Multicellular tumor spheroids\n Applications of tumor spheroids in cancer research\n Tumor on a chip\n Tumor tissue explant\n Nanotechnology and 3D tumor models\n Conclusion\n Conflict of interest\n References\n14\n Drug development using pancreatic and lung organoid models\n Human and mouse organoids in drug development\n Organoid modeling of pancreatic cancers\n Organoid modeling of lung cancers\n Future direction and challenges\n Conclusion\n References\n15\n Leveraging dogs with spontaneous cancer to advance drug development\n Introduction\n Comparative biology and genomics of human and canine cancers\n Sarcomas\n Soft tissue sarcoma\n Gastrointestinal stromal tumor\n Rhabdomyosarcoma\n Osteosarcoma\n Hemangiosarcoma\n Tumors of hematopoietic origin\n Histiocytic sarcoma\n Leukemia\n Lymphoma\n Carcinomas\n Transitional cell carcinoma\n Mammary tumors\n Squamous cell carcinoma\n Gastric carcinoma\n Other tumors\n Malignant melanoma\n Glioblastoma multiforme\n Incorporation of canine cancer trials into therapeutic development\n Clinical trials in pet dogs with cancer\n Incorporation of canine clinical trials in pre- and post-IND work\n COTC studies\n Toceranib phosphate and sunitinib malate\n Ibrutinib and acalabrutinib\n Verdinexor and selinexor\n Tenalisib and RV1001\n KTN0158\n STA-1474\n Conclusions\n References\n Glossary\n16\n Cancer imaging in preclinical models\n Introduction\n Optical imaging\n Fluorescence imaging\n Targeted and activatable probes\n Bioluminescent imaging\n Ultrasound\n Anatomic US imaging\n Perfusion imaging\n Computed tomography\n Micro-CT contrast agents\n CT applications\n Magnetic resonance imaging\n Measuring changes in tumor morphology due to therapy\n Measuring heterogeneity in tumors With DWI\n Imaging vascularity and perfusion With DCE\n Other MRI techniques\n Positron emission tomography\n Small molecule PET\n Nanoparticle PET\n ImmunoPET\n Conclusion\n References\n17\n Animal (mouse) models of melanoma\n Introduction\n Incidence, mortality, and available treatment options for melanoma\n Animal models of melanoma\n Murine models\n Xenograft\n Xenografts created using cell lines\n Patient-derived xenografts\n Syngeneic transplants\n B16 melanoma model\n Genetically engineered mouse models\n Carcinogen/radiation-induced models\n Summary and future directions\n Acknowledgments\n References\n18\n Animal mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia\n Introduction\n Leukemia\n Animal models of leukemia (AML, ALL, CML, CLL)\n Murine models for leukemia subtypes\n Chronic myeloid leukemia\n Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia\n Acute lymphoblastic leukemia\n Acute myeloid leukemia\n Murine models of AML\n Carcinogen, radiation, and spontaneous mouse models\n Viral and transposon models\n Transgenic models\n Knock-in mouse models\n Knock out models\n Xenograft models for AML\n Cell-derived xenograft models\n Patient-derived xenograft models\n Summary and future directions\n Acknowledgments\n References\n19\n Index\n A\n B\n C\n D\n E\n F\n G\n H\n I\n J\n K\n L\n M\n N\n O\n P\n Q\n R\n S\n T\n U\n V\n W\n X\n Y\n Z