دانلود کتاب Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology

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Front Cover
Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
About the Authors
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Color Key
Illustration and Photograph Credits—20th Edition
Unit One: The Body as a Whole
CHAPTER 1. Organization of the Body
Science and Society
Anatomy and Physiology
Language of Science and Medicine
Characteristics of Life
Levels of Organization
Anatomical Position
Body Cavities
Body Regions
Terms Used in Describing Body Structure
Body Planes and Sections
Interaction of Structure and Function
Homeostasis
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Cycle of Life: Life Span Considerations
The Big picture: Organization of the Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 2. The Chemical Basis of Life
Basic Chemistry
Metabolism
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic Molecules
Organic Molecules
The Big Picture: The Chemical Basis of Life
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 3. Anatomy of Cells
Functional Anatomy of Cells
Cell Membranes
Cytoplasm and Organelles
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Cell Connections
The Big Picture: Cell Anatomy and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 4. Physiology of Cells
Movement of Substances Through Cell Membranes
Cell Metabolism
The Big Picture: Cell Physiology and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 5. Cell Growth and Reproduction
Protein Synthesis
Cell Growth
Cell Reproduction
Regulating the Cell Life Cycle
Cycle of Life: Cells
The Big Picture: Cell Growth, Reproduction, and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
CHAPTER 6. Tissues
Introduction to Tissues
Principal Types of Tissue
Extracellular Matrix
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Tissue Repair
Body Membranes
The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
Unit Two: Support and Movement
CHAPTER 7. Skin and Its Appendages
Structure of the Skin
Hypodermis
Skin Color
Functions of the Skin
Appendages of the Skin
Cycle of Life: Skin
The Big Picture: Skin and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 8. Skeletal Tissues
Functions of Bone
Types of Bones
Bone Tissue
Microscopic Structure of Bone
Bone Marrow
Regulation of Blood Calcium Levels
Development of Bone
Bone Remodeling
Repair of Bone Fractures
Cartilage
Cycle of Life: Skeletal Tissues
The Big Picture: Skeletal Tissues
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 9. Skeletal System
Divisions of the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Skeletal Differences Between Men and Women
Cycle of Life: Skeletal System
The Big Picture: Skeletal System
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 10. Articulations
Classification of Joints
Representative Synovial Joints
Types and Range of Movement at Synovial Joints
Cycle of Life: Articulations
The Big Picture: Articulations
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 11. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle Structure
How Muscles Are Named
Important Skeletal Muscles
Trunk Muscles
Upper Limb Muscles
Lower Limb Muscles
Posture
Cycle of Life: Muscular System
The Big Picture: Skeletal Muscles and the Whole Body
Case Study
CHAPTER 12. Physiology of the Muscular System
General Functions
Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs
The Graded Strength Principle
Function of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Tissue
The Big Picture: Muscle Tissue and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
Unit Three: Communication, Control, and Integration
CHAPTER 13. Nervous System Cells
Organization of the Nervous System
Cells of the Nervous System
Nerves and Tracts
Repair of Nerve Fibers
Nerve Impulses
Action Potential
Synaptic Transmission
Neurotransmitters
Role of Nervous System Cells
Cycle of Life: Nervous System Cells
The Big Picture: Nervous System Cells and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 14. Central Nervous System
Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Spinal Cord
Brain
Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
Somatic Motor Pathways in the Central Nervous System
Cycle of Life: Central Nervous System
The Big Picture: The Central Nervous System and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 15. Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Nerves
Cranial Nerves
Somatic Motor Nervous System
The Big Picture: Peripheral Nervous System and the Whole Body
Case Study
CHAPTER 16. Autonomic Nervous System
Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
The Big Picture: Autonomic Nervous System and the Whole Body
Case Study
CHAPTER 17. Sense Organs
Sensory Receptors
Classification of Receptors
Sense of Smell
Sense of Taste
Senses of Hearing and Balance: The Ear
Vision: The Eye
Cycle of Life: Sense Organs
The Big Picture: Sense Organs
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 18. Endocrine System
Organization of the Endocrine System
Hormones
Prostaglandins
The Big Picture: The Endocrine Regulation and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
CHAPTER 19. Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
Pancreatic Islet
Gonads
Placenta
Thymus
Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa
Heart
Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones
Cycle of Life: Endocrine System
The Big Picture: The Endocrine System and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
Unit Four: Transportation and Defense
CHAPTER 20. Blood
Composition of Blood
Formed Elements of Blood
Blood Types (Blood Groups)
Blood Plasma
Blood Clotting (Coagulation)
The Big Picture: Blood and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 21. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
Heart
Blood Vessel Types
Major Blood Vessels
Cycle of Life: Cardiovascular Anatomy
The Big Picture: Cardiovascular Anatomy and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 22. Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
Hemodynamics
The Heart as a Pump
Primary Principle of Circulation
Arterial Blood Pressure
Venous Return to the Heart
Measuring Blood Pressure
Minute Volume of Blood
Velocity of Blood Flow
Pulse
Cycle of Life: Cardiovascular Physiology
The Big Picture: Blood Flow and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 23. Lymphatic System
Overview of the Lymphatic System
Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
Lymphatic Vessels
Circulation of Lymph
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
Cycle of Life: Lymphatic System
The Big Picture: Lymphatic System and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 24. Immune System
Organization of the Immune System
Innate Immunity
Overview of Adaptive Immunity
B Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity
Types of Adaptive Immunity
Summary of Adaptive Immunity
The Big Picture: Immune System and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 25. Stress
Selye’s Concept of Stress
Some Current Concepts About Stress
The Big Picture: Stress and the Whole Body
Case Study
Unit Five: Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion
CHAPTER 26. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structural Plan of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
Cycle of Life: Respiratory System
The Big Picture: Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 27. Physiology of the Respiratory System
Respiratory Physiology
Pulmonary Ventilation
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
How Blood Transports Gases
Systemic Gas Exchange
Regulation of Pulmonary Function
The Big Picture: Respiratory Physiology and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 28. Anatomy of the Digestive System
Organization of the Digestive System
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Vermiform Appendix
Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Cycle of Life: Digestive System
The Big Picture: Anatomy of the Digestive System
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 29. Physiology of the Digestive System
Overview of Digestive Function
Digestion
Secretion
Control of Digestive Gland Secretion
Absorption
Elimination
The Big Picture: Digestion and the Whole Body
Case Study
CHAPTER 30. Nutrition and Metabolism
Overview of Nutrition and Metabolism
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins and Minerals
Metabolic Rates
Mechanisms for Regulating Food Intake
Cycle of Life: Nutrition and Metabolism
The Big Picture: Nutrition, Metabolism, and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 31. Urinary System
Anatomy of the Urinary System
Physiology of the Urinary System
Cycle of Life: Urinary System
The Big Picture: Urinary System and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 32. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Interrelationship of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Total Body Water
Body Fluid Compartments
Chemical Content, Distribution, and Measurement of Electrolytes in Body Fluids
Avenues by Which Water Enters and Leaves the Body
Some General Principles About Fluid Balance
Mechanisms That Maintain Homeostasis of Total Fluid Volume
Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Levels in Plasma and Interstitial Fluid
Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Levels in ICF
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium Levels in Body Fluids
Cycle of Life: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
The Big Picture: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 33. Acid-Base Balance
Mechanisms That Control pH of Body Fluids
Buffer Mechanisms for Controlling pH of Body Fluids
Respiratory Mechanisms of pH Control
Urinary Mechanisms That Control pH
The Big Picture: Acid-Base Balance
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
Unit Six: Reproduction and Development
CHAPTER 34. Male Reproductive System
Sexual Reproduction
Male Reproductive Organs
Testes
Reproductive Ducts
Accessory Reproductive Glands
Supporting Structures
Composition and Course of Seminal Fluid
Male Fertility
Cycle of Life: Male Reproductive System
The Big Picture: Male Reproductive System
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 35. Female Reproductive System
Overview of the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Uterus
Uterine Tubes
Vagina
Vulva
Female Reproductive Cycles
Breasts
Cycle of Life: Female Reproductive System
The Big Picture: Female Reproductive System and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 36. Growth and Development
A New Human Life
Prenatal Period
Postnatal Period
Effects of Aging
Causes of Death
The Big Picture: Growth, Development, and the Whole Body
Mechanisms of Disease
Case Study
CHAPTER 37. Genetics and Heredity
The Science of Genetics
Chromosomes and Genes
Gene Expression
Medical Genetics
Prevention and Treatment of Genetic Diseases
The Big Picture: Genetics, Heredity, and the Whole Body
Case Study
Glossary
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Index
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