دانلود کتاب Applied Techniques to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Characterization: A Problem-Solution Discussion with Geoscience Experts

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Cover
Title-pag_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir-Charac
Applied Techniques to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Characterization
Copyrigh_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir-Charact
Copyright
Contents_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir-Charact
Contents
List-of-contribu_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir
List of contributors
Foreword_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir-Charact
Foreword
Acknowledgmen_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir-Ch
Acknowledgments
Chapter-1---Unconventional-and-de_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-
1 Unconventional and deepwater reservoir architecture
Basin analysis: overview and uses
Uses of basin analysis
What is a sedimentary basin?
Rift basins
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 1
Technical solution provided by Oleksandr Okprekyi
Sr. Geologist at Burisma
Technical solution provided by Zaw Win Aung
Exploration Geologist at MPRL E&P, Myanmar
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Basin analysis workflow: from large-scale to mini-scale
Large-scale analysis
Medium-scale analysis
Small-scale analysis
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 2
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Technical solution provided by Zaw Win Aung
Exploration Geologist at MPRL E&P, Myanmar
Technical solution provided by Oleksandr Okprekyi
Sr. Geologist at Burisma
Question 3
Technical solution provided by Oleksandr Okprekyi
Sr. Geologist at Burisma
Technical solution provided by Zaw Win Aung
Exploration Geologist at MPRL E&P, Myanmar
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Geological architecture of unconventional reservoirs
Unconventional and tight gas sands: what we know now
Shale oil and gas
Oil shale
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 4
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Question 5
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Technical solution/answer
Tar sands
Tar sand extraction and processing
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
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Question 6
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director geophysics at Telesto Energy
Coal-bed methane
Tight gas reservoir sands
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 7
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Early shale play production projections and subsequent adjustments
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 8
Technical solution provided by Robert Avakian
Geophysicist Instructor, Oklahoma State University, Institute of Technology, Okmulgee, OK
Technical solution/answer
Upper Safa formation
Techniques for unconventional reservoir evaluation and characterization
Geochemical analysis
Total organic carbon
Level of maturity
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 9
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Petrophysical analysis
Log analysis
Interpretation analysis
TOC logs and values analysis
Total original gas in place (TOGIP)
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 10
Technical solution provided by Neil Craigie
Geological Consultant at Saudi Aramco
Technical solution/answer
Question 11
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
Deepwater reservoir
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 12
Technical solution provided by Robert Avakian
Geophysicist Instructor, Oklahoma State University, Institute of Technology, Okmulgee, OK
Technical solution/answer
Question 13
Technical solution provided by Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Team Lead at CGG
References
Further reading
Chapter-2---Qualitative-seis_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-G
2 Qualitative seismic interpretation
Understand your seismic data
Advantages of seismic data
Disadvantages of seismic data
Two-dimensional seismic data
Three-dimensional seismic data
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 14
Technical solution provided by RamyRagab
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Technical solution provided by HeshamShalaby
Sr. Geophysicist, Dragon Oil
Seismic data interpretation and analysis
Data set needed for seismic interpretation
Seismic interpretation step-by-step methods
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 15
Technical solution provided by Robert Avakian
Retired Geophysicist, Instructor, Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology
Question 16
Technical solution provided by Mohamed Oaubel
Sr. Geoscientists, PETRONAS
Question 17
Technical solution provided by Mohamed Oaubel
Sr. Geoscientists, PETRONAS
Technical solution provided by HeshamShalaby
Senior Geophysicist at Dragon Oil
Answer/solution
Question 18
Technical solution provided by RamyRagab
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Answer
Question 19
Answer
Structural analysis
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 20
Technical solution provided by RagabRamy
Senior Geophysicist at Edison International Spa, Egypt
Question 21
Technical solution provided by Zaw Win Aung
Exploration Geologist at MPRL E&P, Myanmar
Question 22
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Technical solution provided by José Adauto de Souza
Senior Geophysicist, Consultant at Exploratory Vision
Technical solution provided by Robert Avakian
Retired Geophysicist, Instructor, Oklahoma State University Institute of Technology
Structural trap
Synthetic fault
Antithetic fault
Fault block
Hanging wall
Footwall
Collapsed crest structure
Horst
Graben
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 23
Answer
Fault interpretation
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
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Technical question and practical solutions
Question 24
Technical solution provided by RagabRamy
Senior Geophysicist at Edison International Spa, Egypt
Gridding
Tying loops
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
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Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 25
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Technical solution provided by RamyRagab
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Answer
Technique used to enhance fault in three-dimensional seismic data
Coherency
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 26
Answer/solution
Fault picking
Guide to fault picking
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 27
Technical solution provided by RagabRamy
Senior Geophysicist at Edison International Spa, Egypt
Question 28
Technical solution provided by RamyRagab
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Question 29
Technical solution provided by RamyRagab
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Question 30
Technical solution provided by Gerardo Clemente Martinez
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Seismic horizon mapping
Seismic horizon interpretation steps
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 31
Technical solution provided by RamyRagab
Sr. Exploration Geophysicist
Sequence stratigraphy interpretation
Important information about seismic data and stratigraphy
Methods for correlating stratigraphy
Reduce uncertainties in reservoir predictions using sequence stratigraphy and seismic inversion
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
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Technical question and practical solutions
Question 32
Answer/solution
Unconformities
Types of unconformity
References
Further reading
Chapter-3---Chemostratigraphy-and-its-a_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrate
3 Chemostratigraphy and its application in integrated reservoir correlation
Introduction
Aims, objectives and outline
Definition of chemostratigraphy and development of the technique
What is chemostratigraphy?
Analytical methodology
Sampling procedures
Sample preparation
Analytical techniques
ICP–OES and ICP–MS
XRF technology
Advantages and disadvantages of XRF and ICP
Assessment of data quality
Geochemistry and mineralogy
Comparison with mineralogical data
Statistical techniques
Eigenvectors EV1:EV2 and principal components PC1:PC2 (sandstones)
Eigenvectors EV2:EV3 and Principal Components PC2:PC3 (sandstones)
Eigenvectors EV3:EV4 and principal components PC3:PC4 (sandstones)
Graphical techniques
Summary of element:mineral links
Construction of A chemostratigraphic scheme
Case study on the chemostratigraphy of Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian sediments, Eastern Saudi Arabia
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter-4---Amplitude-and-attribute-_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-O
4 Amplitude and attribute analysis for reservoir characterization
Seismic amplitude analysis
Effective use of seismic amplitude for reservoir characterization
Seismic attributes analysis
Application of seismic attributes
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 33
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 34
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 35
Technical solutions provided by Alfredo Sanchez Gonzalez
Geologist at Net Brains Services
Question 36
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Analysis of different seismic attributes
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 37
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Technical response to Rajeshwaran solution
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 38
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 39
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
The use of interval attributes on an interface property
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 40
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Seismic attribute as direct hydrocarbon indicator
Direct hydrocarbon indicator
Direct hydrocarbon indicator fluid characteristics
Bright spots
Flat spot
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 41
Answer/solution
Technical solution provided by Gerardo Clemente Martinez
Seismic data processing/imaging expert
Question 42
Answer/solution
Polarity reversal
Dim spot
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 43
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 44
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Poststack attributes
Coherence
Dip
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 45
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Prestack attributes
Spectral decomposition
How to determine reservoir thickness using seismic attribute
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 46
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Techniques used for spectral decomposition
Application of spectral decomposition for reservoir characterization
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 47
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 48
Technical solution provided by Mohamed Oaubel
Sr. Geoscientists, PETRONAS
Technical solutions provided by Alfredo Sanchez Gonzalez
Geologist at Net Brains Services
Spectral whitening/bluing
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 49
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 50
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Thin reservoir bed characterization using a wedge model
How to detect faults in thin bed using seismic attributes
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 51
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 52
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Attribute analysis in carbonate reservoir (Fig. 4.32)
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 53
Technical solutions provided by Alfredo Sanchez Gonzalez
Geologist at Net Brains Services
Question 54
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 55
Technical solutions provided by Alfredo Sanchez Gonzalez
Geologist at Net Brains Services
Seismic attribute for unconventional reservoirs
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 56
Technical solution provided by Mohamed Oaubel
Sr. Geoscientists, PETRONAS
References
Further reading
Chapter-5---Nuclear-magnetic-resonance-a_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrat
5 Nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications for reservoir characterization
Introduction
Historical development
Purpose of nuclear magnetic resonance logging
Application of nuclear magnetic resonance data
Combinable magnetic resonance tool (Schlumberger Brand)
Combinable magnetic resonance sonde
Combinable magnetic resonance cartridge
How does nuclear magnetic resonance work?
Alignment
Tipping
Precession and dephasing
Refocusing
Irreversible dephasing: transverse relaxation time (T2)
Realignment
Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation mechanisms
Nuclear magnetic resonance applications for reservoir characterization
Lithology-independent porosity
Shale delineation in radioactive sands and carbonate
Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance fluid characterization
Case study from real data from middle east carbonate reservoir using nuclear magnetic resonance
Logging details
Magnetic resonance fluid method
Example of MREX
Objectives
Method and data processing
Fluid identification and saturation
Viscosity computation
Results and conclusions
Fluid identification
Logging conditions and data quality
T2 domain processing indicating the reservoir quality
Saturation and viscosity analysis
Estimating nuclear magnetic resonance-derived permeability in sandstones
Linking nuclear magnetic resonance to permeability
Method 1: Kozeny–Kenyon formula (SDR perm.)
Method 2: Timur–Coates (Timur perm.)
Low resistivity pay
Wells with high relative angle
Presence of fractures
Presence of microporosity
Presence of clay
Laminated formation
Presence of high concentration of capillary bound water
High Sw produces dry gas
How the nuclear magnetic resonance is affected by oil viscosities and TAR
New approach for solving heavy oil effect on nuclear magnetic resonance permeability
Integration of MDT and combinable magnetic resonance permeability
Middle East Oolites—reservoir quality and tar zone
Gas detection from nuclear magnetic resonance and DPHI (density porosity)
Nuclear magnetic resonance support in geosteering
In-flow control device design and nuclear magnetic resonance
Further reading
Chapter-6---Subsurface-velo_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Ga
6 Subsurface velocity measurement
Understanding velocity data
Check-shot data
Application
Vertical seismic profile field operation
Check-shot and vertical seismic profile field operation: practical application
Difference between check-shot and vertical seismic profile data
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 57
Technical solution provided by Adell Hakim
QC Geophysicist and Borehole Seismic Expert
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
How to convert vertical seismic profile into a well log curve
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical Questions and Practical Solutions
Question 58
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Question 59
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
How to QC vertical seismic profile data
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical Questions and Practical Solutions
Question 60
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Planning
Execution
Processing
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
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Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Geophysicist
Question 61
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Question 62
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Question 63
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
How to determine the static correction for vertical seismic profile data
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 64
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Geophysicist
Technical solution provided by Adell Hakim
QC Geophysicist and Borehole Seismic Expert
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Vertical seismic profiles replacement velocity
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 65
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Geophysicist
Technical solution provided by Adell Hakim
QC Geophysicist and Borehole Seismic Expert
Walk-away vertical seismic profile field operation
Chapter-7---Time-to-dept_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-R
7 Time-to-depth conversion
Importance of time–depth conversion
Velocity data used for depth conversion
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 66
Technical solution/answer
The accurate seismic velocity for depth conversion
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solution
Question 67
Technical solution/answer
Techniques used for time–depth conversion
Horizon keyed interval velocity
Time or depth slices technique
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 68
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Technical solution provided by Gerardo Clemente Martinez
Seismic Data Processing/Imaging Experts
Technical solution provided by Hesham Shalaby
Sr. Geophysicist, Dragon Oil
Question 69
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell international E&P (Retired)
Question 70
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Depth calibration technique
Velocity modeling for depth conversion
Input data sets used for velocity modeling
How to QC velocity model for depth conversion
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 71
Technical solution/answer
Question 72
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Question 73
Technical solution provided by Grant Hanson
Senior Geophysics/Consultant-Seismic Data Processing at DISYS
Question 74
Technical solution provided by Grant Hanson
Senior Geophysics/Consultant-Seismic Data Processing at DISYS
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell (Reired)
Question 75
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Technical solution provided by Grant Hanson
Senior Geophysics/Consultant-Seismic Data Processing at DISYS
Question 76
Technical solution provided by Grant Hanson
Senior Geophysics/Consultant-Seismic Data Processing at DISYS
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Technical solution/answer
Question 77
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Borehole Geophysicist
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Difference between check-shot and vertical seismic profile and depth–time model
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 78
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Technical Coach (Geosciences) at Petronas Carigali, Kuala
References
Further reading
Chapter-8---Seismic-petrophysics-and-petrop_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integ
8 Seismic petrophysics and petrophysical well curves analysis for quantitative seismic interpretation
Seismic Petrophysics: Introduction
What is quantitative seismic interpretation?
Petrophysical workflow for quantitative seismic interpretation studies
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 79
Technical solution/answer
Density log
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and solutions
Question 80
Technical solution/answer
Sonic log
Quantitative seismic interpretation petrophysical well curves editing
Detailed QC and interpretative editing
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and solution
Question 81
Technical solution/answer
Invasion corrections and porosity calibration
Bulk density and porosity
Sonic log depth of investigation
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and solutions
Question 82
Technical solution/answer
References
Further reading
Chapter-9---Well-to-se_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Res
9 Well-to-seismic tie
Objective of well-to-seismic tie
Input data for well-seismic tie
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 83
Technical solution provided by Oleksandr Okprekyi
Sr. Geologist at Burisma
Technical solution/answer
Question 84
Technical solution/answer
Uncertainties in well-to-seismic tie
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 85
Technical solution/answer
Time–depth relationship for well-tie
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 86
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Question 87
Technical solution provided by Grant Hanson
Senior Geophysics/Consultant-Seismic Data Processing at DISYS
Technical solution provided by Gerardo Clemente Martinez
Seismic data processing/imaging expert
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell (Retired)
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Borehole Geophysicist
Bulk shift and stretch issues when doing well-to-seismic tie
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 88
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Borehole Geophysicist
Technical solution/answer
Stretch/squeeze to improve well synthetics to seismic match
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 89
Technical solutions provided by Jose Adauto de Souza
Senior Geophysicist, Seismic Interpreter at Exploratory Vision
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Technical solution/answer
Knee picking in sonic calibration
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 90
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Question 91
Technical solution/answer
Difference between time and phase shift in well ties
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 92
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
How to determine the wavelet used for synthetic trace
Synthetic seismogram
Reasons why we do synthetic seismograms
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 93
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Borehole Geophysicist
Technical solution provided by Zaheer Ali Shah
Senior Manager Exploration and Borehole Seismic Specialist
Technical solution/answer
Question 94
Technical solution/answer
Depth–depth curve synthetic seismogram
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 95
Technical solutions provided by Jose Adauto de Souza
Senior Geophysicist, Seismic Interpreter at Exploratory Vision
Seismic attributes from synthetic seismic data
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 96
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
References
Chapter-10---Gassmann-s-flu_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Ga
10 Gassmann’s fluid substitution
Fluid substitution
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 97
Technical solution/answer
Fluid substitution in unconventional (shale oil/gas) reservoirs
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 98
Technical solution provided by Michel Krief
Consultant Petrophysicist—Acoustic Logs Specialist
Gassmann’s assumptions
Velocity dispersion
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 99
Technical solution provided by Michel Krief
Consultant Petrophysicist—Acoustic Logs Specialist
Question 100
Technical solution provided by Michel Krief
Consultant Petrophysicist—Acoustic Logs Specialist
Forward stratigraphy modeling
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 101
Technical solution provided by Michel Krief
Consultant Petrophysicist—Acoustic Logs Specialist
Question 102
Technical solution provided by Michel Krief
Consultant Petrophysicist—Acoustic Logs Specialist
Porosity concepts in fluid substitution
References
Further reading
Chapter-11---Wavelet-extrac_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Ga
11 Wavelet extraction/derivation
Wavelet extraction
Wavelet extraction methods
.
Ricker Wavelet
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 103
Technical solution/answer
Question 104
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Technical solutions provided by Jose Adauto de Souza
Senior Geophysicist, Seismic Interpreter at Exploratory Vision
Technical solution/answer
Question 105
Technical solution provided by Hammad Hassan Tariq
Experience Lead (Sr.) Borehole Geophysicist
Seismic phase analysis
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 106
Technical solution/answer
Question 107
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Technical solution/answer
Seismic polarity
Zero-phase wavelet
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 108
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Minimum-phase wavelet
How to determine the phase of seismic wavelet
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 109
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 110
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 111
Technical solution provided by Jaap Van der Toorn
Learning Advisor Geophysics at Shell International E&P (Retired)
Technical solution provided by Gerardo Clemente Martinez
Sr. Seismic Data Processing/Imaging Expert
Technical solution/answer
How to predict the phase of a wavelet in thin reservoir bed
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 112
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Specialist Quantitative Geophysics/Editor CSEG Recorder
Reference
Chapter-12---Amplitude-variation-wit_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-O
12 Amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis and interpretation
Understanding amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 113
Technical solution provided by Mohamed Oaubel
Sr. Geoscientists, PETRONAS
Question 114
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Data calibrations for amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis and reservoir characterization
Amplitude-variation-with-offset attributes
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 115
Technical solution provided by Mohamed Oaubel
Sr. Geoscientists, PETRONAS
How to compute intercept and gradient from seismic gather
How to interpret the amplitude-variation-with-offset gradient
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 116
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Factors that affect amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis
Amplitude-variation-with-offset offset scaling
Reflection characteristics of sand and shale
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 117
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Amplitude-variation-with-offset classification
Class 1 amplitude-variation-with-offset response
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions (Class 1 Sand)
Question 118
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 119
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Technical solution provided by Alfredo Sánchez González
Ingeniero Geologo Especialista & Consulting
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 120
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Class 2 amplitude-variation-with-offset response
Class 2P amplitude-variation-with-offset response
Effect of multiple in amplitude-variation-with-offset modeling
.
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions (class 2 sands)
Question 121
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Class 3 amplitude-variation-with-offset response
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions (class 3 sands)
Question 122
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 123
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Question 124
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Class 4 amplitude-variation-with-offset response
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions (class 4 sands)
Question 125
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
Amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis in carbonate reservoir
Fluid effects in carbonate rock
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solution on amplitude-variation-with-offset in oil sand
Question 126
Technical solution provided by Rajeshwaran Dandapani
Director Geophysics at Telesto Energy
References
Further reading
Chapter-13---Seismic-inversion-fo_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-
13 Seismic inversion for reservoir characterization
Factors that contribute to good inversion
Benefits of seismic inversion
Data sets needed for seismic inversion
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and solutions
Question 127
Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Seismic inversion techniques
Forward modeling
Relative acoustic impedance
Colored inversion
Deterministic inversion/generalized linear inversion
Benefits of deterministic inversion
Areas where deterministic inversion will work better
Geostatistical seismic/stochastic inversion
The two main aspects of geostatistical inversion
Comparison between geostatistical and deterministic seismic inversion techniques
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 128
Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Question 129
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Low-frequency model use for seismic inversion
How to determine the low-frequency model
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 130
Technical solution/answer
Question 131
Technical solution provided Alexey Sokolov
Reservoir Engineering Manager atCGG-Vostok
Technical solution provided by Matthijs van der Molen
GeosSigns Senior Geophysicist at Shell International E&P
Poststack inversion
Simultaneous elastic inversion
Prestack data
How to estimate S-impedance from P-wave data
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 132
Technical solution/answer
Question 133
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Question 134
Technical solution provided By Hesham Shalaby
Sr. Geophysicist, Dragon Oil
Extended elastic inversion
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 135
Technical solution/answer
Performing seismic inversion on high-resolution 2D seismic data
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 136
Technical solution provided by Brian Schulte
Geophysical Advisor at Schiefer Reservoir Consulting and Chief Editor CSEG Recorder
Technical solution/answer
Difference between AVO analysis and seismic inversion
Advantages of colored inversion over trace integration method
References
Further reading
Chapter-14---Pore-pressure-and_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and
14 Pore pressure and wellbore instability
Pore pressure prediction
How to estimate pore pressure prior to drilling
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions on causes of geopressure
Question 137
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Question 138
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Technical solution/answer
Technical questions and practical solutions on PP at Exploration Stage
Question 139
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Reservoir Geomechanics/Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Importance of pore pressure prediction in early stages of exploration
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 140
Technical solution/answer
Question 141
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Relationship between shale anisotropy and pore pressure
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 142
Technical solution/Answer
Pore pressure prediction using seismic data and well data
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 143
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Technical solution provided by José Adauto DE Souza
Senior Geophysicist
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 144
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Pressure gradient and fracture gradient
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Compaction trend
Question 145
Technical solution/answer
Technical solution provided by José Adauto DE Souza
Senior Geophysicist
Question 146
Technical solution/answer
Technical solution/answer
Question 147
Technical solution/answer
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Question 148
Technical solution/answer
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Methods of pore pressure prediction
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Pore pressure prediction from resistivity
Question 149
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Impedance-based pore pressure prediction
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 150
Technical solution provided by Gerardo Clemente Martínez
Seismic Data Processing/Imaging Expert at PEMEX
Pore pressure prediction using Eaton’s method
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 151
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Question 152
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Question 153
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Pore pressure prediction using Bowers’ method
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical questions and practical solutions
Question 154
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Question 155
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Question 156
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Question 157
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Question 158
Technical solution/answer
Question 159
Technical solution provided by VahidAtashbari
Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Pore pressure prediction in carbonate reservoir
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 160
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Question 161
Technical solution provided by Morteza Azadpour
Petroleum Engineer at National Iranian Oil Company
Pore pressure prediction in an unconventional reservoir
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Postdrill pore pressure prediction
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 162
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
How to validate your pore pressure result
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Question 163
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Wellbore instability
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 164
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
Question 165
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
RT pore pressure analysis
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Technical question and practical solutions
Question 166
Technical solution provided by Marcel F. Castro
Senior Geomechanics Engineer
References
Further reading
Chapter-15---4D--3D-time-lapse--f_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-
15 4D (3D time lapse) for reservoir characterization
What does a 4D achieve in reservoir characterization?
Use of 4D reservoir monitoring
Understanding 4D seismic response and interpretation
Types of 4D changes to a reservoir
Changes in reservoir thickness
4D effects due to pressure changes in a reservoir
Kinds of time-lapse reservoir measurements
Seismic measurements
Direct well measurements
Environmental measurements
Production measurements
Areas where 4D seismic monitoring is applicable
Reference
Further reading
Advice-from-the-industry--career-guide-to_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integra
Advice from the industry: career guide to geosciences students and how to prepare for interview
Understanding what it is to work in an integrated geoscience team
Question A
Advice to geoscience students
Question B
Advice to geoscience students
Question C
Advice to geoscience students
Index_2021_Applied-Techniques-to-Integrated-Oil-and-Gas-Reservoir-Characteri
Index
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