دانلود کتاب Aquatic Animals: Biology, Habitats, and Threats

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AQUATIC ANIMALS......Page 3
AQUATIC ANIMALS......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 15
What is Acoustic Ecology?......Page 16
POLAR REGIONS......Page 20
SUB POLAR REGIONS......Page 24
Adaptations for Life in An Ice Habitat......Page 25
Different Species Use Different Ice Types......Page 27
The Role of Vocalizations for Polar Pinnipeds......Page 28
Impact of Ice on the Acoustic Environment......Page 29
Seasonal Variation in the Biotic Soundscape and Inter-Specific Competition for Acoustic Space......Page 32
Territoriality in an Unstable Environment......Page 33
ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS......Page 34
Ecosystem Alteration......Page 35
Stresses to Body Condition and Health......Page 36
Increased Human Interactions......Page 37
Acoustic Data: Bering Sea......Page 38
Acoustic Activity of Arctic Pinnipeds in Relation to Ice Conditions......Page 39
Inter-Specific Vocal Comparison of Arctic Pinnipeds......Page 43
Acoustic Data: PALAOA......Page 46
Acoustic Activity of Antarctic Pinnipeds in Relation to Ice Conditions......Page 47
What Can We Learn by Taking a Bi-Polar/Comparative Approach?......Page 51
Outlook......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 55
ABSTRACT......Page 67
INTRODUCTION......Page 68
1. Collection, Transportation and Maintenance of S. Serrata......Page 71
3. Collection of Hemolymph......Page 72
6. Aggregation Assay......Page 73
9. Activity of Superoxide Anion (O2-)......Page 74
11. Activity of Phenoloxidase (PO)......Page 75
RESULT AND DISCUSSION......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 84
ABSTRACT......Page 91
INTRODUCTION......Page 92
Biopsy Collection......Page 94
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy......Page 95
Measuring Clastogenicity......Page 96
Determining Cr in Levels in Whale Skin......Page 97
Cr Cytotoxicity Studies in Whale Cells......Page 98
Cr Genotoxicity Studies in Whale Cells......Page 102
CONCLUSION......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 110
ABSTRACT......Page 113
INTRODUCTION......Page 114
Hyalella Genus and Chemical Stressors......Page 116
Biomarkers as Means of Assessing the Toxicity......Page 118
CONCLUSION......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 122
ABSTRACT......Page 127
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
2. CYTOCHROME P450 – ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION......Page 130
3. MECHANISM OF CYTOCHROMEP 450......Page 132
4. CYTOCHROME P450 IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS......Page 133
6. CYP450 MEDIATED XENOBIOTIC (BENZO(A)PYRENE) METABOLISM IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS......Page 134
7. AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR (AHR) AND ITS MECHANISM......Page 137
8. AHR IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS......Page 140
9. CYP1A AS A BIOMARKER TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION......Page 143
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 144
REFERENCES......Page 145
ABSTRACT......Page 153
1.1. Sperm Quality......Page 154
1.2. Short-Term Storage of Sperm......Page 156
1.3. Long-Term Storage of Sperm......Page 158
2.1. Occurrence of Bacteria in Aquatic Animals......Page 159
2.2. Type and Number of Bacteria in Sperms of Aquatic Animals......Page 166
2.3. Bacterial Profiles in the Chilled Stored Sperm/ Spermatophores of Aquatic Animals......Page 167
2.3.1. Effect of Extenders on Bacterial Profiles in the Chilled Storage Process......Page 168
2.3.2. Role of Contaminated Bacteria in Chilled Storage Process......Page 172
2.3.3. Effect of Antibiotics on Contaminated Bacteria in Chilled Stored Sperm......Page 173
2.4.1. Change in Bacterial Flora of Cryopreserved Sperm/Spermatophores During Storage in Liquid Nitrogen......Page 178
3. BIOSECURITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF CRYOPRESERVED SPERM......Page 182
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 187
REFERENCES......Page 188
INDEX......Page 205