دانلود کتاب Art History For Dummies

فهرست مطالب :

Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Introduction About This Book Foolish Assumptions Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here Part 1 Getting Started with Art History Chapter 1 Art Tour through the Ages Connecting Art Divisions and Culture It’s Ancient History, So Why Dig It Up? Mesopotamian period (3500 bc–500 bc) and Egyptian period (3100 bc–332 bc) Ancient Greek period (c. 850 bc–323 bc) and Hellenistic period (323 bc–32 bc) Roman period (300 bc–ad 476) Did the Art World Crash When Rome Fell, or Did It Just Switch Directions? Byzantine period (ad 500–ad 1453) Islamic period (seventh century+) Medieval period (500–1400) High Renaissance (1495–1520) and Mannerism (1530–1580) Baroque period (1600–1750) and Rococo period (1715–1760s) In the Machine Age, Where Did Art Get Its Power? Neoclassicism (1765–1830) Romanticism (late 1700s–early 1800s) The Modern World and the Shattered Mirror Responding to modern pressures Conceptualizing the craft Expressing mixed-up times Chapter 2 Why People Make Art and What It All Means Focusing on the Artist’s Purpose Recording religion, ritual, and mythology Promoting politics and propaganda When I say jump: Art made for patrons Following a personal vision Detecting Design Perceiving pattern Rolling with the rhythm Weighing the balance Looking for contrast Examining emphasis Decoding Meaning The ABCs of visual narrative Sorting symbols Chapter 3 The Major Artistic Movements Distinguishing an Art Period from a Movement Tracking Major 19th-Century Art Movements Realism (1840s–1880s) Impressionism (1869–late 1880s) Post-Impressionism (1886–1892) Moving Off the Rails in the 20th Century Fauvism and Expressionism Fauvism (1905–1908) Expressionism (1905–1933) Cubism, Futurism, Dada, and Surrealism Cubism (1908–1920s) Futurism (1909–1940s) Dada (1916–1920) Surrealism (1924–1940s) Abstract Expressionism (1946–1950s) Pop Art (1960s) Conceptual art, performance art, and feminist art (late 1960s–1970s) Postmodernism (1970–) Part 2 From Caves to Colosseum: Ancient Art Chapter 4 Magical Hunters and Psychedelic Cave Artists Cool Cave Art or Paleolithic Painting: Why Keep It a Secret? Hunting on a wall Psychedelic shamans with paintbrushes Flirting with Fertility Goddesses Dominoes for Druids: Stonehenge, Menhirs, and Neolithic Architecture Living in the New Stone Age: Çatalhöyük, Göbekli Tepe, and Skara Brae Cracking the mystery of the megaliths and menhirs Describing a megalith Singling out Stonehenge Chapter 5 Fickle Gods, Warrior Art, and the Birth of Writing: Mesopotamian Art Climbing toward the Clouds: Sumerian Architecture Zigzagging to Heaven: Ziggurats The Tower of Babel The Eyes Have It: Scoping Out Sumerian Sculpture Worshipping graven images Stare-down with God: Statuettes from Abu Temple Playing Puabi’s Lyre Unraveling the Standard of Ur Stalking Stone Warriors: Akkadian Art Stamped in Stone: Hammurabi’s Code Unlocking Assyrian Art Babylon Has a Baby: New Babylon Chapter 6 One Foot in the Tomb: Ancient Egyptian Art Ancient Egypt 101 Segmenting the Egyptian periods Thanking the Nile The Art of a Unified Egypt Depicting the unification Noting art as history in the Palette of Narmer The Egyptian Style: Proportion and Orientation Excavating Old Kingdom Architecture Early mastabas and step pyramids Turning to stone Making the architecture great Spending life preparing for death The In-Between Period and Middle Kingdom Realism New Kingdom Art Hatshepsut: A female phenom Akhenaten and Egyptian family values Raiding King Tut’s tomb treasures Admiring the world’s most beautiful dead woman’s tomb Decoding Books of the Dead Too-big-to-forget sculpture Chapter 7 Greek Art, the Olympian Ego, and the Inventors of the Modern World Mingling with the Minoans: Snake Goddesses, Minotaurs, and Bull Jumpers Greek Sculpture: Stark Symmetry to a Delicate Balance Kouros to Kritios Boy The Archaic period The Classical period Golden Age sculptors: Myron, Polykleitos, and Phidias Creating balance and proportion Sculpting art that is glorious and timeless Fourth-century sculpture Figuring Out Greek Vase Painting Cool stick figures: The geometric style Black-figure and red-figure techniques Rummaging through Ruins: Greek Architecture Greece without Borders: Hellenism Sculpting passion and struggle Honoring the classical in a new world Chapter 8 Etruscan and Roman Art: It’s All Greek to Me! The Mysterious Etruscans Temple to tomb: Greek influence Smiles in stone: The eternally happy Etruscans Infusing Art with Roman Influence Linking the territory that was Rome Art as mirror: Roman realism and Republican sculptural portraits Progressing on to propaganda Shirking idealism for authenticity Realism in painting Roman mosaics Revealing Roman Architecture: A Marriage of Style and Engineering Temple of Portunus Maison Carrée Roman aqueducts The Colosseum The Pantheon Part 3 Art after the Fall of Rome: ad 500–ad 1760 Chapter 9 The Graven Image: Early Christian, Byzantine, and Islamic Art The Rise and Fall of Constantinople Christianizing Rome After the fall: Divisions and schisms Early Christian Art in the West Rejecting paganism Drawing on Roman art and culture Byzantine Art Meets Imperial Splendor Justinian and Early Byzantine architecture Fighting fire to build the Hagia Sophia Marrying round and square Amazing mosaics: Puzzle art San Vitale: Justinian and Theodora mosaics Deceptively simple architectural design Stunning mosaic art Mosaic tributes to Justinian and Theodora The mosaics of St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice, Italy (Middle Byzantine) Modeling design from other structures The Old and New Testaments on display Icons and iconoclasm Characteristics of icons The formulas governing icon symbolism Icon art style: Long-lived but somewhat pliable Islamic Art: Architectural Pathways to God The Mosque of Córdoba The dazzling Alhambra A temple of love: The Taj Mahal Chapter 10 Mystics, Marauders, and Manuscripts: Medieval Art Irish Light: Illuminated Manuscripts A unique Christian mission Browsing the Book of Kells, Lindisfarne Gospels, and other manuscripts Assessing the strictly Irish illuminated manuscripts Merging mirth and beliefs Drolleries and the fun style Charlemagne: King of His Own Renaissance Weaving and Unweaving the Battle of Hastings: The Bayeux Tapestry Providing a battle blueprint Portraying everyday life in medieval England and France Peddling political propaganda Making border crossings Romanesque Architecture: Churches That Squat St. Sernin Durham Cathedral Romanesque Sculpture Nightmares in stone: Romanesque relief Roman sculpture revival Relics and Reliquaries: Miraculous Leftovers Gothic Grandeur: Churches That Soar Building a church-and-state alliance Bigger and brighter Making something new from old parts Finishing touches and voilà! Expanding the Gothic dream Stained-Glass Storytelling Gothic Sculpture Italian Gothic Gothic Painting: Cimabue, Duccio, and Giotto Cimabue Duccio Giotto Tracking the Lady and the Unicorn: The Mystical Tapestries of Cluny Themes of love and desire? Themes with religious connotation? The questions remain Chapter 11 Born-Again Culture: The Early and High Renaissance The Early Renaissance in Central Italy The Great Door Contest: Brunelleschi versus Ghiberti — And the winner is! Celebrating the door-contest winner Admiring the achievements of the losers The Duomo of Florence Vanishing points and perspective Masaccio: Out of the fish’s mouth Andrea del Castagno: Another Last Supper Fra Angelico: He’s not a liqueur! Filippo Lippi: The wayward monk Sandro Botticelli: A garden-variety Venus A no-pasta primavera Interpreting the story depicted Donatello: Putting statues back on their feet Breathing life into church niches Reinstating the standing nude The High Renaissance Reviving self-respect Elevating humanity in art Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance man Leonardo’s techniques Aerial perspective Sfumato Chiaroscuro Leonardo’s greatest works Behind Lady Lisa’s smile Decoding The Last Supper Leonardo’s supper scene versus others’ Michelangelo: The main man Michelangelo’s technique Michelangelo’s style Michelangelo’s greatest works The Pietà David Sistine Chapel Ceiling Raphael: The prince of painters Raphael’s techniques Raphael’s greatest work Lessons from The School of Athens Chapter 12 Venetian Renaissance, Late Gothic, and the Renaissance in the North A Gondola Ride through the Venetian Renaissance First stop, Bellini Switching to oil for endless color choices Glittering effects and wavy lines tell the story A shortcut to Mantegna and Giorgione Mantegna’s focus on creating depth Giorgione’s soft and natural style Dürer’s Venice vacations Touring the 16th century with Titian The Venice of Veronese From reformations to stamping out heretical art to crafting a compromise Tintoretto and Renaissance ego La Tintoretta: Marietta Robusti A tale of devotion and tragedy Uncertain attributions Palladio: The king of classicism Late Gothic: Northern Naturalism Jan van Eyck: The Late Gothic ace Rogier van der Weyden: Front and center Northern Exposure: The Renaissance in the Netherlands and Germany Decoding Bosch The landscape The wildlife The food supply The eternal pain Deciphering the dark symbolism of Grünewald Depicting the Passion Exposing vicious demons Dining with Bruegel the Elder Arousing moods and seasons Taking on the dark side Chapter 13 Art That’ll Stretch Your Neck: Mannerism Detecting the Non-Rules of Mannerism Pontormo: Front and Center Bronzino’s Background Symbols and Scene Layering Parmigianino: He’s Not a Cheese! Contrasting proportions and balance A surreal feel Arcimboldo: À la Carte Art Sofonisba Anguissola (1532–1625): Invading Art History’s Guys’ Club Finding a place in the Spanish court Rubbing elbows with the court painters El Greco: Stretched to the Limit Evolving a unique Mannerist style Drawing inspiration from mysticism How unappreciated was El Greco? Lavinia Fontana: The First Professional Female Painter Applying a rich education and broad network Supplying the missing female storyline Endowing Jesus with more humanity Finding Your Footing in Giulio Romano’s Palazzo Te Architectural surprises outside An inside to die for Chapter 14 When the Renaissance Went Baroque Baroque Origin, Purpose, and Style Annibale Carracci: Heavenly Ceilings Shedding Light on the Subject: Caravaggio and His Followers Elements of Caravaggio style Caravaggio style applied Orazio Gentileschi: Baroque’s gentle side, more or less Shadow and light dramas: Artemisia Gentileschi Artemisia’s personal influence on art Artemisia and dad depicting Greek myth Elisabetta Sirani and an Art School for Women Sirani’s notable career Portraying brave and capable women The Ecstasy and the Ecstasy: Bernini Sculpture Embracing Baroque Architecture Maderno and the launch of Baroque architecture Bernini: Transforming St. Peter’s Basilica Baroque style migrates northward Fischer: Harmonizing Baroque style Dutch and Flemish Realism Rubens: Fleshy, flashy, and holy Rembrandt: Self-portraits and life in the shadows Laughing with Hals Bold Strokes: Judith Leyster Discovering fraudulent attribution Beaming self-portraiture Depicting and living with hardship Vermeer: Musicians, maids, and girls with pearls French Flourish and Baroque Light Shows Poussin the Perfect Candlelit reverie and Georges de La Tour Versailles: Architecture as propaganda and the Sun King In the Limelight with Caravaggio: The Spanish Golden Age Ribera and Zurbarán: In the shadow of Caravaggio Velázquez: Kings and princesses Chapter 15 Going Loco with Rococo What You Get in Rococo Art Breaking with Baroque: Antoine Watteau Fragonard and Boucher: Lush, Lusty, and Lavish François Boucher Jean-Honoré Fragonard Flying High: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo Rococo Lite: The Movement in England William Hogarth Thomas Gainsborough Sir Joshua Reynolds Founding the Royal Academy of Art Incorporating foreign elements in portraits Part 4 The Industrial Revolution Revs Up Art’s Evolution: 1760–1900 Chapter 16 All Roads Lead Back to Rome and Greece: Neoclassical Art When Philosophers and Artists Join Forces The promotion of reason Enlightened views and political progress Angelica Kauffman: The Queen of Neoclassicism Focusing on women and brother- or sisterhood Not everyone loved the depictions Jacques-Louis David: The King of Neoclassicism Grand, formal, and retro Propagandist for all sides Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres: The Prince of Neoclassical Portraiture Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun: Portraitist of the Queen and Fashion Setter Illustrating fashion trends Fleeing for her life Adélaïde Labille-Guiard: From Ideal to Real and Royals to Revolutionaries Starting with socially acceptable miniatures Graduating to sizeable self-portraiture Working with the Revolutionaries Canova and Houdon: Greek Grace and Neoclassical Sculpture Antonio Canova: Ace 18th-century sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon: In living stone Chapter 17 Romanticism: Reaching Within and Acting Out Kissing Isn’t Romantic, but Having a Heart Is Romancing independence Romancing spirituality Romancing the wild Far Out with William Blake and Henry Fuseli: Personal Mythologies Unifying body and soul Drawing on imagination Inside Out: Caspar David Friedrich The Revolutionary French Romantics: Gericault and Delacroix Théodore Gericault Portraying a tragic shipwreck Not everyone loved the message Eugène Delacroix Depicting liberty in art Action, color, and high energy catch the mood Francisco Goya and the Grotesque J. M. W. Turner Sets the Skies on Fire Chapter 18 What You See Is What You Get: Realism Rebels with a Cause Courbet and Daumier: Painting Peasants and Urban Blight Gustave Courbet Honoré Daumier: Guts and grit The Barbizon School and the Great Outdoors Jean-François Millet: The noble peasants Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot: From naked truth to dressed-up reality Rosa Bonheur: From a Horse Fair to Buffalo Bill Portraying the Paris horse fair Gaining world-wide renown Keeping It Real in America Along came Thomas Cole Shunning civilization’s encroachment Contrasting progress and nature Westward ho! with Albert Bierstadt George Catlin, painter of western Indian tribes Edmonia Lewis Navigating sun, storm, and sea with Winslow Homer Boating through America with Thomas Eakins The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: Medieval Visions and Painting Literature Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Leader of the Pre-Raphaelites Marie Spartali Stillman: From model to artist John Everett Millais and soft-spoken symbolism The Ten: America’s First Art Movement Celebrating the leisure class Creating art for art’s sake Ashcan Artists: Capturing the Grit of Urban Life Presenting the urban underbelly Illustrating the rough life Chapter 19 First Impressions: Impressionism M & M: Manet and Monet Édouard Manet: Breaking the rules Innovating with painting techniques Innovating the subject matter Claude Monet: From patches to flecks Capturing color and light Finding the freedom to prosper Pretty Women and Painted Ladies: Renoir and Degas Impressionists and the movement’s midlife crisis Pretty as a picture: Pierre-Auguste Renoir Dabbling in dappled light Impressionism’s midlife crisis: It may have hit Renoir hardest The dancers of Edgar Degas Planning the snapshots Changing style via the midlife crisis Cassatt, Morisot, and Other Female Impressionists Mary Cassatt Berthe Morisot Eva Gonzalès American Impressionism William Merritt Chase: An Impressionist with Realist ties Frieseke in the Giverny American Art Colony Jane Peterson Chapter 20 Making Their Own Impression: The Post-Impressionists You’ve Got a Point: Pointillism, Georges-Pierre Seurat and Paul Signac Observing the science of color Applying the science of color Red-Light Art: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Tracking the “Noble Savage”: Paul Gauguin Brittany paintings Tahiti paintings Gauguin’s influence Painting Energy: Vincent van Gogh Trading the ministry for art Expanding artistic energy Painting while confined Love Cast in Stone: Rodin and Claudel Auguste Rodin Hard times for The Thinker Eternal yearning with The Kiss Camille Claudel The Mask behind the Face: James Ensor The Hills Are Alive with Geometry: Paul Cézanne Art Nouveau: Curves, Swirls, and Asymmetry Art Nouveau: Not a painting style Making functionality pretty Fairy-Tale Fancies and the Sandcastle Cathedral of Barcelona: Antoni Gaudí Part 5 Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Art Chapter 21 From Fauvism to Expressionism Fauvism: Colors Fighting like Animals Henri Matisse André Derain Maurice de Vlaminck German Expressionism: Form Based on Feeling Die Brücke and World War I Developing Die Brücke style Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Erich Heckel Käthe Kollwitz Der Blaue Reiter Wassily Kandinsky: Symphonies of color Gabriele Münter: Painting “extracts” Franz Marc: Horses that harmonize with the landscape Austrian Expressionism: From Dream to Nightmare Gustav Klimt and his languorous ladies Egon Schiele: Turning the self inside out Oskar Kokoschka: Dark dreams and interior storms Chapter 22 Cubist Puzzles and Finding the Fast Lane with the Futurists Cubism: All Views At Once Pablo Picasso Analytic Cubism: Breaking things apart Synthetic Cubism: Gluing things together Fernand Léger: Cubism for the commoner Futurism: Art That Broke the Speed Limit Umberto Boccioni Gino Severini Precisionism: Geometry as Art The Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age Chapter 23 Nonobjective Art: Dada, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism Suprematism: Kazimir Malevich’s Reinvention of Space The path to Suprematism Reinventing the world in shape and color Constructivism: Showing Off Your Skeleton Tatlin’s Tower A dance between time and space: Naum Gabo Piet Mondrian and the De Stijl Movement Dada Turns the World on Its Head Dada, the ground floor, and Cabaret Voltaire Dada: Influencee and influencer Marcel Duchamp: Nudes, urinals, and hat racks Readymade art punks A tamer New York Dada Hans (Jean) Arp: In and out of Dadaland Surrealism and Disjointed Dreams Max Ernst and his alter ego, Loplop Salvador Dalí: Melting clocks, dreamscapes, and ants René Magritte: Help, my head’s on backwards! Dissecting Frida Kahlo Painting chronicles of life Kahlo’s conflicting personas Joan Miro Saving and salvaging art Finding patterns in the images My House Is a Machine: Modernist Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright: Bringing the outside in The organic home Inviting the outdoors in Bauhaus boxes: Walter Gropius Combining disciplines at Bauhaus Sowing Bauhaus seeds abroad Le Corbusier: Machines for living and Notre-Dame du Haut Abstract Expressionism: Fireworks on Canvas Arshile Gorky Jackson Pollock: Flick, fling, drip, splash, swirl — action painting Painting as therapy Painting large and in charge Lee Krasner: Almost patterns Willem de Kooning Chapter 24 Anything-Goes Art: Fab Fifties and Psychedelic Sixties Artsy Cartoons: Pop Art The many faces of Andy Warhol Blam! Comic books on canvas: Roy Lichtenstein Fantastic Realism Ernst Fuchs: The father of the Fantastic Realists Hundertwasser: Organic architecture and art Louise Nevelson: Picking up the Trash and Assemblage Louise Bourgeois: Sexualized sculpture Less-Is-More Art: Rothko, Newman, Stella, Frankenthaler, and Others Color Fields of dreams: Rothko and Newman Helen Frankenthaler Minimalism, more or less Photorealism Richard Estes: Always in focus Clinical close-ups: Chuck Close Helen Hardin: Native American Futurism Performance Art and Installations Fluxus: Intersections of the arts Joseph Beuys: Fanning out from Fluxus Carolee Schneemann: Body art and breaking taboos Chapter 25 Photography: From Science to Art The Birth of Photography Transitioning from Science to Art An early attempt to “artify” photography Focusing on documentary photography Alfred Stieglitz: Reliving the Moment Recognition for photography as high art Picturesque pictures Henri Cartier-Bresson’s uncanny eye From painting to photography Stealth and the “Decisive Moment” Group f/64: Edward Weston, Imogen Cunningham, and Ansel Adams Dorothea Lange: Depression to Dust Bowl Margaret Bourke-White: From Industrial Beauty to Political Statements Photographing for Fortune Photographing for Life Fast-Forward: The Next Generation Chapter 26 The New World: Postmodern Art From Modern Pyramids to Titanium Twists: Postmodern Architecture Viva Las Vegas! Chestnut Hill: Case in point Philip Johnson and urban furniture The prismatic architecture of I. M. Pei Deconstructivist architecture of Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, and Zaha Hadid Peter Eisenman (b. 1932) Frank Gehry (b. 1929) Zaha Hadid (1950–2016) Making It or Faking It? Postmodern Photography and Painting Cindy Sherman: Morphing herself Gerhard Richter: Reading between the layers Installation Art and Earth Art Judy Chicago: A dinner table you can’t sit at It’s a wrap: Christo and Jeanne-Claude Robert Smithson and earth art: Can you dig it? Glow-in-the-Dark Bunnies and Living, Genetic Art Part 6 The Part of Tens Chapter 27 Ten Must-See Art Museums The Louvre (Paris) The Uffizi (Florence) The Vatican Museums (Rome) The National Gallery (London) The Metropolitan Museum of Art (NYC) The Prado (Madrid) The National Gallery of Art (D.C.) The Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) British Museum (London) The Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna) Chapter 28 Ten Great Books by Ten Great Artists On Painting, by Leonardo da Vinci Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, by Giorgio Vasari Complete Poems and Selected Letters of Michelangelo The Journal of Eugène Delacroix Van Gogh’s Letters Rodin on Art, by Paul Gsell Der Blaue Reiter Almanac, edited by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc Concerning the Spiritual in Art, by Wassily Kandinsky The Diary of Frida Kahlo: An Intimate Self-Portrait Hundertwasser Architecture: For a More Human Architecture in Harmony with Nature, by Friedensreich Hundertwasser And Others Index EULA