دانلود کتاب Atlas of Peripheral Regional Anesthesia

فهرست مطالب :

Atlas of Peripheral Regional Anesthesia: Anatomy and Techniques
Media Center Information
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contributors
List of Videos
Abbreviations
Part I General Aspects of Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Regional Anesthesia
1 General Principles of Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks
1.1 Technical Requirements
1.1.1 Equipment
1.1.2 Optimizing the Ultrasound Image
1.1.3 Structural Features in Ultrasound
1.2 Ultrasound-Guided Needle Approach
1.2.1 Ultrasound Techniques for Needle Insertion
1.3 Ultrasound for Continuous Block Techniques
1.3.1 Learning Ultrasound-Guided Needle Placement Techniques
1.3.2 How to Approach the Nerve? Intraneurally, Extraneurally?
1.3.3 Ultrasound in Any Event—What is the Available Evidence?
References
Part II Upper Limb
2 General Overview
2.1 Anatomy
2.2 Important Topographical Anatomical Relations in the Region of the Brachial Plexus
2.3 Motor and Sensory Supply of the Upper Limb
2.4 Historical Overview—Upper Limb
References
3 Interscalene Techniques of Brachial Plexus Block
3.1 Anatomy
3.2 Meier Approach
3.2.1 Positioning
3.2.2 Needle Approach
3.2.3 Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block with Ultrasound
3.3 Pippa Approach
3.3.1 Posterior Approach
3.3.2 Interscalene Block of the Brachial Plexus Using Ultrasound (Pippa Approach)
3.4 Sensory and Motor Effects
3.5 Indications and Contraindications
3.5.1 Indications
3.5.2 Contraindications
3.6 Supraclavicular Nerve Block (Cervical Plexus)
3.7 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
3.7.1 Neurological Complications after Shoulder Surgery in Interscalene Plexus Anesthesia
3.7.2 Side Effects Intrinsic to the Method
References
4 Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Techniques of Brachial Plexus Block
4.1 Anatomy
4.2 Supraclavicular Block Techniques
4.2.1 Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Block of the Brachial Plexus
4.3 Vertical Infraclavicular Block According to Kilka, Geiger, and Mehrkens
4.3.1 Positioning
4.3.2 Needle Approach
4.3.3 Local Anesthetics, Dosages
4.3.4 Comparison of the Vertical Infraclavicular Technique with the Axillary Technique
4.4 Raj Technique, Modified by Borgeat
4.4.1 Positioning
4.4.2 Needle Approach
4.4.3 Material
4.4.4 Local Anesthetics, Dosages
4.5 Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block Using Ultrasound
4.5.1 Ultrasound Visualization of the Brachial Plexus
4.5.2 Needle Approach
4.5.3 Catheter Placement
4.6 Sensory and Motor Effects
4.7 Indications and Contraindications
4.7.1 Indications
4.7.2 Contraindications
4.8 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
4.8.1 Horner Syndrome
4.8.2 Phrenic Nerve Paresis
4.8.3 Pneumothorax
References
5 Suprascapular Nerve Block
5.1 Anatomy
5.2 Meier Approach
5.2.1 Procedure
5.2.2 Suprascapular Nerve Block with Ultrasound
5.3 Sensory and Motor Effects
5.4 Indications and Contraindications
5.4.1 Indications
5.4.2 Contraindications
5.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
References
6 Axillary Block
6.1 Anatomy
6.2 Perivascular Single-Injection Technique
6.2.1 Method
6.2.2 Perivascular Axillary Block of the Brachial Plexus Using Ultrasound
6.3 Sensory and Motor Effects
6.3.1 Local Anesthetic, Dosages
6.4 Indications and Contraindications
6.4.1 Indications
6.4.2 Contraindications
6.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
6.6 Multistimulation Technique, “Midhumeral Approach” According to Dupré
6.6.1 Positioning, Landmarks
6.6.2 Method
6.6.3 Puncture Needle
6.7 “Classical” Axillary Block of the Brachial Plexus with Ultrasound
6.7.1 Visualization of the Brachial Plexus Using Ultrasound (in the Axilla)
6.7.2 Puncture
6.7.3 Catheter Placement
References
7 Selective Blocks of Individual Nerves in the Upper Arm, at the Elbow, and Wrist
7.1 Radial Nerve Block (Middle of Upper Arm)
7.1.1 Anatomy
7.1.2 Method
7.1.3 Radial Nerve Block of the Upper Arm Using Ultrasound
7.2 Blocks at the Elbow
7.2.1 Anatomy
7.2.2 Radial Nerve Block (Elbow)
7.2.3 Musculocutaneous Nerve Block (Elbow)
7.2.4 Median Nerve Block (Elbow)
7.2.5 Ulnar Nerve Block (Elbow)
7.2.6 Individual Nerve Blocks with Ultrasound (Elbow)
7.3 Blocks at the Forearm (“Wrist Block”)
7.3.1 Anatomy
7.3.2 Median Nerve Block (Wrist)
7.3.3 Ulnar Nerve (Wrist)
7.3.4 Radial Nerve (Wrist)
7.3.5 Block of Individual Nerves with Ultrasound
References
Part III Lower Limb
8 General Overview
8.1 Lumbosacral Plexus
8.1.1 Lumbar Plexus
8.1.2 Sacral Plexus
8.2 Historical Overview—Lower Limb
8.3 Sensory Innervation of the Leg
8.3.1 Innervation of the Bones (Innervation of Periosteum)
References
9 Psoas Block
9.1 Anatomical Overview
9.2 Technique of Psoas Block
9.2.1 Classical Technique (according to Chayen)
9.2.2 Psoas Blockade with Ultrasound
9.3 Sensory and Motor Effects
9.4 Indications and Contraindications
9.4.1 Indications
9.4.2 Contraindications
9.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
9.6 Remarks on the Technique
9.7 Summary
References
10 Inguinal Paravascular Lumbar Plexus Anesthesia (Femoral Nerve Block)
10.1 Anatomical Overview
10.2 Femoral Nerve Block
10.2.1 Needle Approach
10.2.2 Needle Approach with Ultrasound
10.3 Sensory and Motor Effects
10.4 Indications and Contraindications
10.4.1 Indications
10.4.2 Contraindications
10.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
10.5.1 Method-Specific Problems
10.6 Remarks on the Technique
References
11 Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block
11.1 Anatomical Overview
11.1.1 Sciatic Plexus
11.1.2 Sciatic Nerve (L4–S3)
11.1.3 Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh (S1–S3)
11.1.4 Periosteal Innervation
11.2 Anterior Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block (with Patient in Supine Position)
11.2.1 Technique of Anterior Sciatic Nerve Block
11.2.2 Indications and Contraindications (in Combination with Femoral Nerve Block)
11.2.3 Side Effects and Complications
11.2.4 Remarks on the Technique
11.2.5 Anterior Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block Using Ultrasound
11.3 Posterior Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block (in Supine Position)
11.3.1 Technique
11.3.2 Indications and Contraindications
11.3.3 Side Effects and Complications
11.3.4 Remarks on the Technique
11.3.5 Posterior Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block (in Supine Position) with Ultrasound
11.4 Proximal Lateral Sciatic Nerve Block (with Patient in Supine Position)
11.4.1 Technique
11.4.2 Indications, Contraindications, Complications, Side effects
11.4.3 Remarks on the Technique
11.5 Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block (with Patient Lying on Side)
11.5.1 Techniques of Posterior Transgluteal Sciatic Nerve Block
11.5.2 Indications and Contraindications
11.5.3 Complications and Side Effects
11.5.4 Remarks on the Technique
11.5.5 Proximal Sciatic Nerve Block (in Lateral Position) with Ultrasound
11.5.6 Infragluteal Block of the Sciatic Nerve in Lateral Position with Ultrasound
11.6 Parasacral Sciatic Nerve Block (Mansour Technique)
11.6.1 Technique
11.6.2 Indications and Contraindications
11.6.3 Side Effects and Complications
11.6.4 Remarks on the Technique
11.6.5 Parasacral Sciatic Nerve Block with Ultrasound
References
12 Blocks at the Knee
12.1 Anatomical Overview
12.2 Classical Popliteal Block, Posterior Approach
12.2.1 Technique
12.2.2 Remarks on the Technique
12.3 Distal Block of the Sciatic Nerve
12.3.1 Technique
12.3.2 Indications and Contraindications
12.3.3 Side Effects and Complications
12.3.4 Remarks on the Technique
12.3.5 Distal Sciatic Nerve Block Using Ultrasound
References
13 Peripheral Block (Conduction Block) of Individual Nerves of the Lower Limb
13.1 Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
13.1.1 Anatomy
13.1.2 Techniques
13.1.3 Indications, Contraindications, Side Effects
13.1.4 Remarks on the Technique
13.1.5 Block of the Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh Using Ultrasound
13.2 Infiltration of the Iliac Crest
13.2.1 Indication
13.2.2 Procedure
13.3 Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAP Block)
13.3.1 Anatomy
13.3.2 Landmarks
13.3.3 Indications and Contraindications
13.3.4 Procedure
13.4 Obturator Nerve Block
13.4.1 Anatomy
13.4.2 Techniques
13.4.3 Indications and Contraindications
13.4.4 Side Effects and Complications
13.4.5 Remarks on the Technique
13.5 Saphenous Nerve Block
13.5.1 Anatomy
13.5.2 Techniques
13.5.3 Indications and Contraindications
13.5.4 Side Effects and Complications
13.5.5 Remarks on the Technique
13.6 Fibular Nerve Block
13.6.1 Anatomy
13.6.2 Techniques
13.6.3 Indications and Contraindication
13.6.4 Side Effects and Complications
13.6.5 Remarks on the Technique
References
14 Peripheral Nerve Blocks at the Ankle
14.1 Anatomy
14.2 Saphenous Nerve, Sural Nerve, and Superficial Fibular Nerve Block
14.2.1 Saphenous Nerve Block
14.2.2 Superficial Fibular Nerve Block and Sural Nerve Block
14.3 Deep Fibular Nerve Block
14.3.1 Landmarks
14.3.2 Procedure
14.4 (Posterior) Tibial Nerve Block
14.4.1 Landmarks and Position
14.4.2 Procedure
14.5 Ankle Block
14.6 Indications, Contraindications, Complications, Side Effects
14.6.1 Indications
14.6.2 Contraindications
14.6.3 Side Effects and Complications
14.7 Remarks on the Combination Block (Ankle Block)
14.8 Summary
14.9 Blocks at the Toes
14.9.1 Anatomy
14.9.2 Block Anesthesia of the Toes (Oberst Anesthesia)
References
Part IV Peripheral Regional Anesthesia in Pediatrics
15 General Overview
15.1 Needle-Transducer Alignment
15.2 Ultrasound Axes
References
16 Upper Limb
16.1 Supraclavicular Block of the Brachial Plexus
16.1.1 Anatomy
16.1.2 Sonoanatomy
16.1.3 Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
16.1.4 Indications and Contraindications
16.1.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
16.1.6 Remarks on the Technique
16.2 Axillary Block of the Brachial Plexus
16.2.1 Anatomy
16.2.2 Technique of Axillary Brachial Plexus Block
16.2.3 Indications and Contraindications
16.2.4 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
16.2.5 Remarks on the Technique
References
17 Lower Limb
17.1 Femoral Nerve Block
17.1.1 Anatomy
17.1.2 Sonoanatomy
17.1.3 Technique of Femoral Nerve Block
17.1.4 Indications and Contraindications
17.1.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
17.1.6 Remarks on the Technique
17.2 Distal Sciatic Nerve Block
17.2.1 Anatomy
17.2.2 Technique of Distal Sciatic Nerve Block
17.2.3 Indications and Contraindications
17.2.4 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
17.2.5 Remarks on the Technique
References
18 Abdominal Wall
18.1 Penile Root Block
18.1.1 Anatomy
18.1.2 Technique of Penile Root Block
18.1.3 Indications and Contraindications
18.1.4 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
18.1.5 Remarks on the Technique
18.2 Ilioinguinal Nerve Block
18.2.1 Anatomy
18.2.2 Sonoanatomy
18.2.3 Technique of Ilioinguinal Nerve Block
18.2.4 Indications and Contraindications
18.2.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
18.2.6 Remarks on the Technique
18.3 Transversus Abdominis Plane Block
18.3.1 Anatomy
18.3.2 Sonoanatomy
18.3.3 Technique of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block
18.3.4 Indications and Contraindications
18.3.5 Complications, Side Effects, Method-Specific Problems
18.3.6 Remarks on the Technique
References
Part V General Aspects of Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Extremities
19 Special Features of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
19.1 Advantages of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
19.2 Problems of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
19.2.1 Incomplete Block
19.2.2 Dosages of Local Anesthetic
References
20 Complications and General Contraindications of Peripheral Blocks
20.1 Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
20.1.1 Toxic Reactions Caused by the Local Anesthetic
20.1.2 Neurological Injuries (Neuropathy)
20.2 General Contraindications to Peripheral Nerve Blocks
20.2.1 Infections
20.2.2 Coagulation Disorders
20.2.3 Pre-existing Neurological Deficits
References
21 General Principles for Performing Peripheral Blocks
21.1 Essential Components Necessary for Proper Aseptic Technique
21.2 General Principles of Informed Consent, Positioning and Monitoring
21.2.1 Patient Informed Consent before Peripheral Nerve Blocks
21.2.2 Position
21.2.3 Monitoring
21.3 Technical Aids for Performing Peripheral Nerve Blocks
21.3.1 Vascular Doppler Sonography
21.3.2 Ultrasonography
21.3.3 Surface Thermometer
21.3.4 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
21.3.5 Needles and Catheters
21.4 General Principles for Performing Regional Anesthesia
21.4.1 With Nerve Stimulator
21.4.2 With Ultrasound
21.5 Analgosedation
21.5.1 For Peripheral Nerve Blocks
21.5.2 Concomitant Medication during Surgery under Regional Anesthesia
21.6 General Principles for Administration of Local Anesthetics in Peripheral Nerve Block
21.6.1 Local Anesthetics
21.6.2 Dosage
21.6.3 Measures to Shorten the Latency Time
21.6.4 Adjuvants
References
22 Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks
22.1 Advantages
22.2 Indications
22.2.1 Differential Indications
22.3 Local Anesthetics: Administration, Dosage
22.3.1 Care of Peripheral Pain Catheters in a General Ward
22.3.2 Peripheral Nerve Catheters for Outpatient Regional Pain Management
22.3.3 Complications of Peripheral Nerve Catheters for Pain Management
References
Index