دانلود کتاب Balancing School Choice and Equity: An International Perspective Based on Pisa

فهرست مطالب :

Foreword Acknowledgements Table of Contents Executive Summary Reader’s Guide Chapter 1 School choice, student sorting and equity Impact of school choice on student achievement Impact of school choice on student sorting Scope of this report Notes References Chapter 2 How school choice can be measured by PISA and how these indicators have evolved over time In most PISA-participating countries, the proportion of students in private schools did not change significantly between 2000 and 2015 Figure 2.1 Change between 2000 and 2015 in the percentage of students enrolled in a private school More competition for school principals does not always translate into more choice for families Table 2.1 Freedom for parents to choose a public school for their children, 2009 Figure 2.2 School competition, 2012 Figure 2.3 Percentage of students in schools that compete with at least one other local school, 2012 In many PISA-participating countries, the allocation of students to schools depended less on residence in 2015 than in 2000, and schools became more selective over the period Figure 2.4 Change between 2000 and 2015 in school admissions based on residence Figure 2.5 Change between 2000 and 2015 in school admissions based on academic performance Figure 2.6 School admissions based on academic performance, by school type Box 2.1 Public school, government-dependent and government-independent, privately managed schools Notes References Chapter 3 The level of social and academic segregation across schools Academic segregation is often more widespread across schools than social segregation Figure 3.1 Dissimilarity index for low-achieving students in reading and for disadvantaged students In most countries, a high concentration of low achievers in certain schools is more common than a high concentration of high achievers Figure 3.2 Isolation of low-achieving and high-achieving students in reading In most countries, there are more schools with a high concentration of advantaged students than with a high concentration of disadvantaged students Figure 3.3 Isolation of disadvantaged and advantaged students Figure 3.4 Isolation of disadvantaged students from national high achievers in reading Notes References Chapter 4 How social and academic segregation are related to school-choice policies Private schools are usually more socially stratified than public schools Figure 4.1 Contributions of public and private schools to social segregation amongst schools Figure 4.2 Social segregation, by type of school The relationship between segregation across schools and school enrolment practices is ambiguous Figure 4.3 Dissimilarity index for low-achieving students in reading and school admissions based on academic performance Figure 4.4 Dissimilarity index for disadvantaged students and school admissions based on residence Table 4.1 Social and academic segregation, and school-stratification policies, 2009-15 Notes References Chapter 5 How school-choice policies are related to quality and equity in education Figure 5.1 School-choice policies, segregation in schools and education outcomes Sorting by socio-economic status across schools is negatively related to equity in education Figure 5.2 Equity in reading performance and no-diversity index for disadvantaged students Table 5.1 Social gradient and reading performance related to social and academic segregation, 2009-15 Table 5.2 Reading performance, by school practices, academic and social segregation, 2009-15 Figure 5.3 Estimated impact of segregation and school type on reading performance, by socio-economic status The direct impact of school admissions policies on performance and social equity in education is small Table 5.3 Social gradient and reading performance related to admissions criteria, 2009-15 Figure 5.4 Equity in reading performance and school admissions based on academic performance Notes References Chapter 6 Balancing choice and equity: Considerations for policy and practice Provide the checks and balances that prevent choice from leading to more segregation Box 6.1 Controlled-choice reforms in the Belgian Communities Box 6.2 Regulating publicly funded private schools in Chile: The 2016 Inclusion Law Where there is free school choice, ensure that all parents can exercise their right to choose the school of their preference Notes References Annex A Measures of segregation Measuring group interactions Measuring departure from unevenness Analysing diversity Why do these indicators differ? Figure A.1 Complete vs no segregation cases (illustrative example) Figure A.2 High dissimilarity, high vs medium isolation (illustrative example) Figure A.3 Dissimilarity index, no-diversity index and isolation of students with an immigrant background Notes References Annex B Additional figures and robustness checks Figure B.1 Equity in reading performance and school admissions based on residence Figure B.2 Reading performance and school admissions based on academic performance Figure B.3 Percentage of students in schools whose parents/principal reported school competition, 2012 Table B.1 Reading performance, by school practices and social segregation Table B.2 Variation in the main variables Table B.3 Modal grade by country/economy Annex C List of tables available on line