دانلود کتاب Basic Statistics in Business and Economics (ISE HED IRWIN STATISTICS)

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The McGraw Hill Series in Operations and Decision Sciences
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Copyright
Dedication
A Note from the Authors
How are Chapters Organized to Engage Students and Promote Learning?
How Does this Text Reinforce Student Learning?
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Additional Resources
Acknowledgments
Enhancements to Basic Statistics for Business & Economics, 10e
Brief Contents
Contents
Basic Statistics for Business & Economics
1 What Is Statistics?
Introduction
Why Study Statistics?
What Is Meant by Statistics?
Types of Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Types of Variables
Levels of Measurement
Nominal-Level Data
Ordinal-Level Data
Interval-Level Data
Ratio-Level Data
Exercises
Ethics and Statistics
Basic Business Analytics
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
2 Describing Data: FREQUENCY TABLES, FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS, AND GRAPHIC PRESENTATION
Introduction
Constructing Frequency Tables
Relative Class Frequencies
Graphic Presentation of Qualitative Data
Exercises
Constructing Frequency Distributions
Relative Frequency Distribution
Exercises
Graphic Presentation of a Distribution
Histogram
Frequency Polygon
Exercises
Cumulative Distributions
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
3 Describing Data: NUMERICAL MEASURES
Introduction
Measures of Location
The Population Mean
The Sample Mean
Properties of the Arithmetic Mean
Exercises
The Median
The Mode
Software Solution
Exercises
The Relative Positions of the Mean, Median, and Mode
Exercises
The Weighted Mean
Exercises
Why Study Dispersion?
Range
Variance
Exercises
Population Variance
Population Standard Deviation
Exercises
Sample Variance and Standard Deviation
Software Solution
Exercises
Interpretation and Uses of the Standard Deviation
Chebyshev’s Theorem
The Empirical Rule
Exercises
Ethics and Reporting Results
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
4 Describing Data DISPLAYING AND EXPLORING DATA
Introduction
Dot Plots
Exercises
Measures of Position
Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles
Exercises
Box Plots
Exercises
Skewness
Exercises
Describing the Relationship between Two Variables
Correlation Coefficient
Contingency Tables
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
5 A Survey of Probability Concepts
Introduction
What Is a Probability?
Approaches to Assigning Probabilities
Classical Probability
Empirical Probability
Subjective Probability
Exercises
Rules of Addition for Computing Probabilities
Special Rule of Addition
Complement Rule
The General Rule of Addition
Exercises
Rules of Multiplication to Calculate Probability
Special Rule of Multiplication
General Rule of Multiplication
Contingency Tables
Tree Diagrams
Exercises
Principles of Counting
The Multiplication Formula
The Permutation Formula
The Combination Formula
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
6 Discrete Probability Distributions
Introduction
What Is a Probability Distribution?
Random Variables
Discrete Random Variable
Continuous Random Variable
The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Probability Distribution
Mean
Variance and Standard Deviation
Exercises
Binomial Probability Distribution
How Is a Binomial Probability Computed?
Binomial Probability Tables
Exercises
Cumulative Binomial Probability Distributions
Exercises
Poisson Probability Distribution
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
7 Continuous Probability Distributions
Introduction
The Family of Uniform Probability Distributions
Exercises
The Family of Normal Probability Distributions
The Standard Normal Probability Distribution
Applications of the Standard Normal Distribution
The Empirical Rule
Exercises
Finding Areas under the Normal Curve
Exercises
Exercises
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
8 Sampling, Sampling Methods, and the Central Limit Theorem
Introduction
Research and Sampling
Sampling Methods
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Exercises
Sample Mean as a Random Variable
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
Exercises
The Central Limit Theorem
Standard Error of the Mean
Exercises
Using the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
9 Estimation and Confidence Intervals
Introduction
Point Estimate for a Population Mean
Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean
Population Standard Deviation, Known σ
A Computer Simulation
Exercises
Population Standard Deviation, σ Unknown
Exercises
A Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
Exercises
Choosing an Appropriate Sample Size
Sample Size to Estimate a Population Mean
Sample Size to Estimate a Population Proportion
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
10 One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Introduction
What Is Hypothesis Testing?
Six-Step Procedure for Testing a Hypothesis
Step 1: State the Null Hypothesis (H0) and the Alternate Hypothesis (H1)
Step 2: Select a Level of Significance
Step 3: Select the Test Statistic
Step 4: Formulate the Decision Rule
Step 5: Make a Decision
Step 6: Interpret the Result
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests
Hypothesis Testing for a Population Mean: Known Population Standard Deviation
A Two-Tailed Test
A One-Tailed Test
p-Value in Hypothesis Testing
Exercises
Hypothesis Testing for a Population Mean: Population Standard Deviation Unknown
Exercises
A Statistical Software Solution
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
11 Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Introduction
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples
Exercises
Comparing Population Means with Unknown Population Standard Deviations
Two-Sample Pooled Test
Exercises
Unequal Population Standard Deviations
Exercises
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples
Comparing Dependent and Independent Samples
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
12 Analysis of Variance
Introduction
Comparing Two Population Variances
The F-Distribution
Testing a Hypothesis of Equal Population Variances
Exercises
ANOVA: Analysis of Variance
ANOVA Assumptions
The ANOVA Test
Exercises
Inferences about Pairs of Treatment Means
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
13 Correlation and Linear Regression
Introduction
What Is Correlation Analysis?
The Correlation Coefficient
Exercises
Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient
Exercises
Regression Analysis
Least Squares Principle
Drawing the Regression Line
Exercises
Testing the Significance of the Slope
Exercises
Evaluating a Regression Equation’s Ability to Predict
The Standard Error of Estimate
The Coefficient of Determination
Exercises
Relationships among the Correlation Coefficient, the Coefficient of Determination, and the Standard Error of Estimate
Exercises
Interval Estimates of Prediction
Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression
Constructing Confidence and Prediction Intervals
Exercises
Transforming Data
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
14 Multiple Regression Analysis
Introduction
Multiple Regression Analysis
Exercises
Evaluating a Multiple Regression Equation
The ANOVA Table
Multiple Standard Error of Estimate
Coefficient of Multiple Determination
Adjusted Coefficient of Determination
Exercises
Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression
Global Test: Testing the Multiple Regression Model
Evaluating Individual Regression Coefficients
Exercises
Evaluating the Assumptions of Multiple Regression
Linear Relationship
Variation in Residuals Same for Large and Small ŷ Values
Distribution of Residuals
Multicollinearity
Independent Observations
Qualitative Independent Variables
Stepwise Regression
Exercises
Review of Multiple Regression
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
15 Nonparametric Methods: Nominal Level Hypothesis Tests
Introduction
Test a Hypothesis of a Population Proportion
Exercises
Two-Sample Tests about Proportions
Exercises
Goodness-of-Fit Tests: Comparing Observed and Expected Frequency Distributions
Hypothesis Test of Equal Expected Frequencies
Exercises
Hypothesis Test of Unequal Expected Frequencies
Limitations of Chi-Square
Exercises
Contingency Table Analysis
Exercises
Chapter Summary
Chapter Exercises
Data Analytics
Practice Test
Appendixes
Appendix A: Data Sets
Appendix B: Tables
Appendix C: Answers to Odd-Numbered Chapter Exercises & Solutions to Practice Test
Appendix D: Answers to Self-Review
Glossary
Index
Key Formula
Areas under the Normal Curve