دانلود کتاب Blockchain Systems and Communication Networks: From Concepts to Implementation

فهرست مطالب :

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Information About the Author
Acronyms
Part I Blockchain Systems: Background, Fundamentals, and Applications
1 Introduction to Blockchain Systems
1.1 From Ledger to Distributed Ledger Technologies
1.1.1 Classification of Distributed Ledger Technology
1.1.2 Blockchain
1.1.3 Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
1.2 Features of Blockchain Systems
1.2.1 Decentralization
1.2.2 Transparency
1.2.3 Immutability
1.2.4 Availability
1.2.5 Pseudonymity
1.2.6 Security
1.2.7 Non-Repudiation
1.2.8 Auditability
1.2.9 Data Tampering
1.3 A Great Example for the Use of Blockchain Technology: Food Supply Chain
1.3.1 Traceability and Provenance Within Food Supply Chain
1.3.2 Identification and Removal of Contaminated Food
1.3.3 Blockchain for Food Supply Chain
1.4 Summary
1.5 Further Reading
1.5.1 General Blockchain History and Background
1.5.2 Food Supply Chain and Blockchain
2 Blockchain Technology and Database Management System
2.1 Distributed Ledger Technology and Database Management System
2.2 When to Select Blockchain Over DBMS?
2.3 Blockchain and Database Maintenance
2.3.1 Ledger Maintenance in Public Blockchain
2.3.2 Ledger Maintenance in Consortium Blockchain
2.3.3 Ledger Maintenance in Private Blockchain
2.4 Database System, DLT, and Public Verifiability
2.5 Comparison of Blockchain Systems and Traditional DBMS
2.6 Large-Scale Distributed Database Systems and Blockchain
2.7 Trust and Public Availability of Blockchain
2.8 How Blockchain Is Different from Distributed Data Storage?
2.9 Summary
2.10 Further Reading
3 Blockchain Fundamentals and Working Principles
3.1 Blockchain Network
3.1.1 Public Blockchain Network—Permissionless
3.1.2 Private Blockchain Network—Permissioned
3.1.3 Consortium Blockchain Network—Permissioned
3.2 General Issues with Public Blockchain
3.2.1 Limited Transactions
3.2.2 Scalability
3.2.3 Pseudonymity
3.2.4 Block Size
3.2.5 Energy Consumption
3.3 Underlying Network for Peer Discovery and Topology Maintenance in Blockchain
3.4 Broadcasting in Blockchain Network
3.5 Users/Nodes in a Blockchain Network
3.5.1 Full Blockchain Nodes
3.5.2 Lightweight Blockchain Nodes
3.5.3 Miner Nodes
3.6 Blockchain Nodes as Leaders and Validators
3.7 Blockchain Nodes as Sender and Receiver
3.8 Layers in Blockchain
3.8.1 Application Layer
3.8.2 Virtualization and Smart Contract Layer
3.8.3 Consensus Layer
3.8.4 Network and OS Layer
3.8.5 Data Organization and Topology Layer
3.8.6 Hardware Layer
3.9 General Working Sequence of Blockchain
3.9.1 Transaction
3.9.2 Transaction Signing
3.9.3 Transaction Verification
3.9.4 Transaction Broadcast
3.9.5 Transaction/Block Validation
3.9.6 Block Confirmation
3.10 Composition of a Block
3.10.1 Hash Pointer
3.10.2 Merkle Tree
3.11 Blockchain Governance System: Who Owns Blockchain?
3.12 Who Make Modifications in Blockchain?
3.13 Confidentiality in Blockchain
3.14 Blockchain Platforms
3.14.1 Availability of Blockchain Platforms
3.14.2 Blockchain Platform Suitable only for Cryptocurrency
3.14.3 Blockchain Platform that Supports Smart Contracts (Business Logic)
3.14.4 Blockchain Platform Available over the Cloud
3.15 Blockchain as a Service (BaaS)
3.16 BitCoin Blockchain
3.16.1 Creating Trust in Bitcoin Blockchain
3.16.2 Working of Bitcoin
3.17 Ethereum Blockchain
3.18 Hyperledger
3.19 Corda
3.20 Tendermint
3.21 Chain Core
3.22 Quorum
3.23 Key Generation and Blockchain Digital Signature Procedure
3.24 Data Models in Blockchain
3.25 Implementation and Performance Evaluation Tools for DLTs
3.25.1 Hyperledger Caliper
3.25.2 BlockBench
3.25.3 DAGBench
3.25.4 How Consensus Algorithm Can Impact on the Performance of Blockchain?
3.26 Hashing in Blockchain
3.26.1 Hashing Applied to Ethereum Blockchain
3.27 Data Storage in Blockchain
3.28 Data Structure in Blockchain
3.29 Privacy of Nodes in Blockchain
3.30 Smart Contracts
3.30.1 Ethereum
3.30.2 Hyperledger
3.30.3 Tendermint
3.30.4 Energy Web Chain (EW Chain)
3.31 Scalability Issues in Blockchain Systems
3.31.1 Blockchain Scalability Issues and Communication Networks
3.32 How to Increase the Transaction Capacity of Blockchain Systems?
3.32.1 Off-Chain Transactions
3.32.2 Sharding
3.33 Interoperability in Blockchain Systems
3.33.1 Example to Understand Interoperability Issue
3.33.2 Using Smart Contract for Interoperability
3.33.3 Using Exchange for Interoperability
3.33.4 Consensus Protocols and Interoperability Issue
3.33.5 Interoperability Between Old and New Blockchain Systems
3.33.6 Transaction Speed and Interoperability
3.33.7 Semantic and Syntatic Interoperability
3.33.8 Transaction Fees and Interoperability
3.33.9 Tokens and Interoperability
3.34 Summary
3.35 Future Research Direction
3.36 Further Reading
4 Blockchain Consensus Algorithms
4.1 Consensus Algorithms
4.2 Functionality of Consensus Algorithm
4.3 Proof-of-Work (PoW) Consensus Algorithm
4.3.1 Leader Node
4.3.2 Issues in PoW
4.3.3 How PoW Deals with Attacks?
4.3.4 Example of PoW Consensus Algorithm
4.4 Proof of Stake (PoS) Consensus Algorithm
4.4.1 Issues in PoS
4.5 Mining Pools
4.6 Issues Related with Mining Pools
4.7 Transaction (Tx) Throughput
4.8 Block Confirmation Time
4.9 Impact of Tx Throughput and Block Size
4.10 Impact of Block Confirmation Time and Throughput
4.11 Impact of Transaction Size and Throughput
4.12 Example of Tx Throughput and Block Confirmation Time
4.13 Different Consensus Algorithms
4.13.1 Proof-of-X
4.13.2 Hyrid Consensus Protocol
4.13.3 PoW-PoS Protocols
4.13.4 Committee-Based Consensus Algorithms
4.13.5 Consensus Protocols for Distributed Data Storage
4.13.6 Proof-of-Human-Work
4.13.7 Primecoin
4.13.8 Proof-of-Exercise
4.13.9 Proof-of-Useful-Work
4.13.10 Ouroboros Conesus Protocol
4.13.11 Chain of Activity
4.13.12 Casper
4.13.13 Algorand
4.13.14 Tendermint
4.14 Consensus Protocol for Permissioned Blockchain
4.15 Consensus Protocol for Permissionless Blockchain
4.16 Why BFT Protocols Cannot Be Used in Public Blockchain?
4.17 Summary
4.18 Further Reading
Part II Hands-on Exercises and Blockchain Implementation
5 Hands-On Exercise and Implementation
5.1 Mini Project 1: Critical Analysis of Distributed Ledger Technology
5.1.1 Questions
5.2 Mini Project 2: Implementation of Distributed Ledger Technology and It\'s Security Analysis
5.2.1 Questions
5.3 Lab Implementation 1
5.3.1 Aim
5.3.2 Steps to Follow
5.3.3 Desired Program Output
5.3.4 Sample Code
5.4 Lab Implementation 2
5.4.1 Aim
5.4.2 Steps to Follow
5.4.3 Desired Program Output
5.4.4 Sample Code
5.5 Lab Implementation 3
5.5.1 Aim
5.5.2 Steps to Follow
5.5.3 Desired Program Output
5.5.4 Sample Code
5.6 Lab Implementation 4
5.6.1 Aim
5.6.2 Steps to Follow
5.7 Lab Implementation 5
5.7.1 Aim
5.7.2 Steps to Follow
5.8 Hands-On Exercise
5.8.1 Exploring Real Blockchain: Bitcoin
5.8.2 Exploring Real Blockchain: Ethereum
5.8.3 Exploring Real Blockchain: Bitcoin Cash: Fork of Bitcoin
5.8.4 Exploring Real Blockchain: Bitcoin Blocks Linkage
5.8.5 Exploring Real Blockchain: Bitcoin\'s UTXO Concept
5.8.6 Exploring Real Blockchain: Ethereum\'s Block Contents
5.8.7 How Many Byzantine Nodes (Faulty Nodes) a Blockchain Network Can Tolerate?
5.8.8 How to Find the Size of Ethereum Blockchain?
5.8.9 How to Find the Transaction Handling Capacity of Blockchain?
5.8.10 How to Find Tx Throughput and Block Confirmation Time
5.8.11 How to Find Wining Probability in PoW Consensus
5.9 Summary
Part III Blockchain Systems and Communication Networks
6 Cognitive Radio Networks and Blockchain
6.1 Wired and Wireless Communication Systems
6.2 Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA)
6.3 Blockchain and Spectrum Management
6.3.1 Time Granularity and its Exploitation for Spectrum Trading Through Blockchain
6.3.2 Use of Tokens in Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM)
6.4 Usage of Blockchain Technology from the Spectrum Licensing Perspective
6.4.1 Licensed Spectrum Band
6.4.2 Shared Licensed Spectrum Band
6.4.3 Unlicensed Spectrum Band
6.5 Blockchain Enabled Cognitive Radio Network and Collision-Free Communication
6.5.1 Collision-Free Communication
6.5.2 Blockchain-Enabled Cognitive Radio Network and CFC
6.6 Medium Access by CR Nodes as an Auction
6.7 Advantages of Using Blockchain Technology in Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM)
6.7.1 Lack of Central Entity
6.7.2 Immutability
6.7.3 Availability
6.7.4 DoS Resilient
6.7.5 Non-repudiation
6.7.6 Smart Contract Integration
6.8 Spectrum Patrolling Through Blockchain
6.9 Issues and Challenges When Deploying Blockchain to Dynamic Spectrum Management
6.10 Summary
6.11 Future Research Directions
6.12 Further Reading
6.12.1 Blockchain and Spectrum Management
7 Communication Networks and Blockchain
7.1 Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT)
7.2 Blockchain for Fog-RAN
7.3 Blockchain and IoT Edge
7.3.1 Challenges in Blockchain-Based IoT Edge
7.4 Blockchain, IoT, and Consumer Electronics
7.4.1 How to Manage IoT and CE Massive Data?
7.4.2 Which Blockchain to Use for CE and IoT Devices?
7.5 Blockchain and Wireless Power Transfer—Green IoT
7.6 Blockchain and Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
7.7 Blockchain, Software Defined Networks (SDN), and Virtualization
7.7.1 Blockchain-Based SDN: Advantages
7.7.2 Virtualization, Cloud Computing, Edge, and Fog Computing
7.8 Blockchain and Cloud of Things
7.9 Blockchain in Cellular Networks
7.9.1 Blockchain and Mobile Devices
7.9.2 Blockchain and Roaming in Cellular Networks
7.10 Blockchain and Wi-Fi Networks
7.11 Multimedia Communication Networks and Blockchain
7.11.1 Video Streaming Communication Networks and Blockchain
7.11.2 New Methods of Revenue Generation and Business Models
7.11.3 Auditing for Video Content Generated Revenue
7.11.4 Smart Contracts for Video Content
7.11.5 Peer-to-Peer Video Content Sharing
7.11.6 Resolving of Privacy Issues Through Blockchain
7.11.7 Fake Video Generation and Tracking
7.11.8 Privacy of Video Content
7.12 Smart Grid Communication System and Blockchain
7.12.1 Prosumers
7.12.2 Energy Trading Benefits
7.12.3 Privacy Preservation in Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid
7.12.4 Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Energy Trading
7.12.5 Effect of DoS on Energy Trading Market
7.12.6 Cryptocurrency in Energy Trading Systems
7.12.7 Arbitrage in Energy Trading Systems/Markets Through Blockchain Systems
7.12.8 Renewable Energy Resources and Negative Pricing
7.13 Communication Networks and the Use of Blockchain with Machine Learning
7.13.1 Machine Learning and Communication Networks
7.13.2 Classification of Machine Learning Techniques and Blockchain
7.13.3 Advantages of Using Machine Learning in Blockchain-Enabled Communications Networks
7.14 Summary
7.15 Future Research Directions
7.15.1 Blockchain, Smart Grid, and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
7.16 Further Reading
7.16.1 Blockchain and IoT, Edge, Fog, and Cloud Computing
7.16.2 Blockchain, Wi-Fi, and Mobile Communication
7.16.3 Smart Grid and Blockchain
7.16.4 Multimedia and Blockchain
7.16.5 Blockchain, Machine Learning, and Communication Networks
Appendix Solutions
References
Index