دانلود کتاب British Politics

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Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Series......Page 3
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Illustrative Material......Page 11
Preface......Page 16
What is politics?......Page 18
The scope of politics: the role of the state......Page 19
Authority, power and influence......Page 20
Democracy – power to the people?......Page 21
Power in Britain......Page 22
Perspectives on power......Page 24
Ideas and interests......Page 26
Ideologies......Page 27
Policies – who gets what, when, how?......Page 28
British politics?......Page 29
2 The Shadow of the Past: British Politics since 1945......Page 34
Britain after the Second World War – the end of empire and the Cold War......Page 35
Post-war Britain: the welfare state and the mixed economy......Page 36
The under-performing economy, ‘stagflation’ and crisis: 1964–79......Page 40
Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales......Page 43
Social change and the politics of protest: the Sixties and after......Page 44
Conservative dominance: Thatcherism and the free market......Page 45
New Labour: Blair and Brown (1997–2010)......Page 48
Constitutional change and devolution......Page 49
From Brown’s boom to the financial crisis and Labour’s defeat......Page 50
The 2010 election and the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition......Page 51
British politics today compared with 1945......Page 53
The changing British economy......Page 56
The nations and regions of Britain......Page 57
Town and country, inner cities and outer suburbs......Page 58
Allegiance and identity......Page 59
Inequalities in income and wealth......Page 65
Occupation and social class......Page 66
Changing class structure?......Page 69
Economic and social divisions – the time dimension......Page 70
Political knowledge and interest......Page 74
Political participation......Page 75
Voting and non-voting......Page 76
Political participation beyond voting......Page 78
Who participates, and why?......Page 80
Political culture and socialization......Page 83
Citizenship......Page 84
Community......Page 85
The 2010 general election......Page 89
Electoral reform......Page 92
Further electoral reform in Britain?......Page 95
Persistence and change in voting behaviour......Page 96
The shaping of party allegiances......Page 97
Issues, values and preferences......Page 101
Party images......Page 103
Media influence......Page 104
Tactical voting......Page 105
Coalition politics: the 2011 referendumand elections......Page 106
Party systems......Page 109
Mass parties?......Page 112
British parties: ideological or pragmatic?......Page 113
Party cohesion – factions and tendencies......Page 114
The organization of parties: power and decision-making......Page 115
The finance of political parties......Page 125
The future of the British party system......Page 127
Mainstream ideologies and politicalparties in Britain......Page 132
Liberalism......Page 133
Conservatism......Page 136
British socialism......Page 143
Ideological divergence or convergence?......Page 148
Feminism......Page 149
Nationalism......Page 152
Populist radical right ideologies: racismand populism......Page 153
Green thinking......Page 154
Mainstream and other ideologies......Page 155
What are pressure groups?......Page 158
Types of pressure group......Page 159
Pressure group targets and methods......Page 161
New social movements......Page 168
Pressure groups, power and democracy......Page 169
The mass media and society......Page 174
The medium is the message?......Page 175
The British press......Page 176
British radio and television......Page 177
The British media, political bias and democracy......Page 179
The power and influence of the media......Page 181
The ‘dumbing down’ of politics?......Page 182
Politicians and the media – the uses and abuses of image and spin......Page 184
The internet and traditional media: the 2010 election......Page 186
10 The Changing British System of Government......Page 189
The constitution......Page 190
Changing the constitution......Page 191
Key features or principles of the British constitution......Page 193
British parties and the constitution: from consensus to conflict......Page 197
Incremental constitutional reforms in the UK 1945–97......Page 198
Radical constitutional reform: Charter 88 and New Labour......Page 199
The Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition and constitutional reform......Page 200
Where is the British constitution today?......Page 201
The coalition and the constitution......Page 204
11 Prime Minister and Cabinet......Page 207
The Prime Minister......Page 208
Patronage (‘hiring and firing’)......Page 209
Direction and organization of the government......Page 210
The Prime Minister, communication and the media......Page 213
The Cabinet......Page 214
Collective responsibility......Page 216
Managing a coalition government......Page 217
Constraints on prime ministerial government......Page 219
Prime ministerial power: an irrelevant debate?......Page 222
The organization of British central government......Page 225
The impact of constitutional reform on the organization of central government......Page 226
The civil service: size and distribution......Page 227
Recruitment of the higher civil service: issues of expertise and bias......Page 228
Reforming the civil service: the Thatcher and Major governments......Page 231
Standards in public life......Page 233
Labour and the civil service: competition and co-ordination......Page 234
The rise of special advisers......Page 235
Ministerial responsibility revisited......Page 236
Where does power lie? Decision-making within departments......Page 239
Managing coalition government......Page 241
The functions of the House of Commons......Page 244
Reform of the House of Commons......Page 259
Powers and functions of the Lords......Page 260
The composition of the House of Lords......Page 261
Reform of the House of Lords......Page 262
The Westminster parliament and other parliaments......Page 264
The rule of law......Page 267
English, Scottish, European and international law......Page 268
The courts......Page 269
Labour’s reform of the justice system......Page 271
Lawyers, judges, and politics......Page 272
The police and policing......Page 273
Human rights and civil liberties......Page 275
Administrative law: protecting civil liberties and redressing grievances......Page 276
The European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act......Page 280
Britain and Europe 1945–97......Page 284
The development of the European ideal: integration and enlargement......Page 287
Britain and Europe 1997–2010......Page 289
The European Union: superstate or inter-governmental organization?......Page 290
The institutions and processes of the European Union......Page 292
Bureaucracy in the European Union......Page 296
The impact of the European Union on the British state and government......Page 297
The impact of European Union membership on British parties......Page 298
The impact of the European Union on pressure group politics......Page 299
The impact of the European Union on UK policies......Page 300
A new crisis for the European Union?......Page 301
The Cameron coalition and the European Union......Page 302
Nationalism and the British state......Page 306
The troubles in Northern Ireland......Page 308
The search for peace in Northern Ireland......Page 311
The peace process after 1997......Page 312
Scottish nationalism and devolution......Page 314
The Scottish Parliament and Government......Page 315
Devolution in Wales......Page 317
Asymmetrical devolution......Page 318
The English Question......Page 319
Devolution, federalism or separation?......Page 320
Coalition government and the future of the Union......Page 321
Democratic local government?......Page 326
Local government, local politics and community......Page 327
Changing local government......Page 330
From central–local relations to ‘multilevel governance’......Page 339
Prospects for local government under the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition......Page 341
The end of the Westminster model?......Page 345
The state and the market......Page 347
Restructuring the state......Page 348
Partnership with the private andvoluntary sector......Page 350
‘Steering, not rowing’: networks, enabling and governance......Page 352
The regulatory state......Page 354
From the secret state to open government?......Page 356
The surveillance state and civil liberties......Page 359
The disintegration of the British state – or towards multi-level governance?......Page 360
Policy-making and decision-taking......Page 363
Issues, problems and the political agenda......Page 364
Defining the problem......Page 365
Appraising options......Page 366
Policy formulation......Page 367
Legislation and legitimation......Page 368
Implementation......Page 370
Monitoring and review......Page 371
20 Managing the Economy......Page 375
Who makes and shapes economic policy in Britain?......Page 376
The tools of economic management: direct intervention, fiscal policy and monetary policy......Page 377
Economic management under New Labour 1997–2007......Page 382
Managing the global financial crisis and recession 2007–10......Page 384
Coalition economic management......Page 387
Reducing the deficit......Page 388
The welfare state: consensus and controversy......Page 394
Conservative reforms to public services 1979–97......Page 395
Labour and the public services – a third way?......Page 396
Targets and league tables......Page 399
Public services in a cold climate – coalition spending cuts......Page 400
Shrinking the state?......Page 404
Rights......Page 408
Equality and inequality in Britain: tackling poverty......Page 409
Women’s rights: towards more equality between the sexes?......Page 410
Disability and age discrimination......Page 414
Race and ethnicity......Page 415
Discrimination and prejudice on grounds of religion......Page 417
Multiculturalism and rights......Page 418
Social justice, equality and rights: New Labour’s record......Page 419
Social justice and fairness: the coalition approach......Page 424
The rise of green politics in Britain......Page 428
Making environmental policy in Britain......Page 429
The greening of British political parties?......Page 431
The Green Party......Page 432
New Labour and the environment......Page 433
Coalition politics and the environment......Page 436
Climate change and international action to combat it: from Kyoto to Copenhagen and Cancun......Page 437
Obstacles facing environmental policy in the UK and elsewhere......Page 439
Making foreign policy......Page 442
National interests and international obligations......Page 444
British foreign policy – between Europe and America?......Page 447
New Labour’s foreign policy......Page 450
Blair’s wars......Page 451
Terrorism......Page 453
Coalition foreign policy......Page 455
British foreign policy and the upheaval in the Arab world......Page 456
Bibliography......Page 459
Index......Page 473