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کمک به دانشآموزان در درک چرایی اهمیت زیستشناسی
زیستشناسی ضروری کمبلزیستشناسی را برای افراد غیررشته جالب و قابل درک میکند. دانشجویان زیست شناسی این کتاب درسی پرفروش که به دلیل دقت علمی، توضیحات واضح و تصاویر بصری شناخته شده است، برای تأکید بیشتر بر ارتباط زیستشناسی با زندگی روزمره، با استفاده از تشبیههای به یاد ماندنی، مثالهای دنیای واقعی، زبان محاورهای، و جذابکنندهی جدید چرا زیستشناسی مهم است، تجدید نظر شده است. انشاهای عکس و موارد دیگر. فعالیت های جدیدMasteringBiologyدانش آموزان را در خارج از کلاس درگیر می کند و به دانش آموزان کمک می کند تا مهارت های سواد علمی را توسعه دهند.
همچنین با MasteringBiology موجود است
MasteringBiology یک تکالیف آنلاین، محصول آموزشی و ارزیابی که با کمک به دانش آموزان در تسلط سریع مفاهیم، نتایج را بهبود می بخشد. دانشآموزان از آموزشهای خود گامی بهره میبرند که حاوی بازخورد فوری با پاسخ اشتباه و نکاتی است که تجربه ساعات اداری را تقلید میکند تا به دانشآموزان در مسیر کمک کند. با طیف گستردهای از فعالیتهای تعاملی، جذاب و قابل واگذاری، که بسیاری از آنها توسط نویسندگان Essential Biology ارائه شدهاند، دانشآموزان تشویق میشوند تا به طور فعال مفاهیم دوره سخت را یاد بگیرند و حفظ کنند. فعالیتهای جدید MasteringBiology برای این نسخه شامل ویدیوهای \"زیستشناسی اساسی\" است که به دانشآموزان کمک میکند تا موضوعات کلیدی را خارج از کلاس بررسی کنند، فعالیتهای \"ارزیابی علم در رسانه\" که به دانشآموزان در ایجاد مهارتهای سواد علمی کمک میکند و \"تفکر علمی\" فعالیت های مربیگری که دانش آموزان را در درک روش علمی راهنمایی می کند.
فهرست مطالب :
Campbell Essential Biology......Page 1
Brief Contents......Page 3
Half Title Page......Page 5
Title Page......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
About the Authors......Page 9
Detailed Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 29
Acknowledgments......Page 32
Half Title Page......Page 39
1: Introduction: Biology Today......Page 40
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: An Innate Passion for Life......Page 41
Discovery Science......Page 42
Hypothesis-Driven Science......Page 43
The Properties of Life......Page 45
Life in Its Diverse Forms......Page 46
Evolution: Evolution......Page 48
Information Flow: Information Flow......Page 52
Energy Transformations: Pathways that Transform Energy and Matter......Page 53
Interconnections within Systems: Interconnections within Biological Systems......Page 54
Chapter Review......Page 56
UNIT 1: Cells......Page 59
2: Essential Chemistry for Biology......Page 60
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Radiation and Health......Page 61
Matter: Elements and Compounds......Page 62
Atoms......Page 63
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Radioactive Tracers Identify Brain Diseases?......Page 64
Chemical Bonding and Molecules......Page 65
Chemical Reactions......Page 66
Structure/Function: Water......Page 67
Acids, Bases, and pH......Page 69
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Radioactivity as an Evolutionary Clock......Page 71
Chapter Review......Page 72
3: The Molecules of Life......Page 74
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Got Lactose?......Page 75
Carbon Chemistry......Page 76
Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks......Page 77
Carbohydrates......Page 78
Lipids......Page 81
Proteins......Page 84
Structure/Function: Protein Shape......Page 85
Nucleic Acids......Page 87
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Evolution of Lactose Intolerance in Humans......Page 89
Chapter Review......Page 90
4: A Tour of the Cell......Page 92
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Antibiotics: Drugs That Target Bacterial Cells......Page 93
The Microscopic World of Cells......Page 94
The Two Major Categories of Cells......Page 95
An Overview of Eukaryotic Cells......Page 96
Structure/Function: The Plasma Membrane......Page 98
Cell Surfaces......Page 99
The Nucleus......Page 100
How DNA Directs Protein Production......Page 101
The Endoplasmic Reticulum......Page 102
The Golgi Apparatus......Page 103
Lysosomes......Page 104
Vacuoles......Page 105
Mitochondria......Page 106
Maintaining Cell Shape......Page 107
Cilia and Flagella......Page 108
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Humans......Page 109
Chapter Review......Page 110
5: The Working Cell......Page 112
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Harnessing Cellular Structures......Page 113
Conservation of Energy......Page 114
Chemical Energy......Page 115
Food Calories......Page 116
Phosphate Transfer......Page 117
Activation Energy......Page 118
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Enzymes Be Engineered?......Page 119
Enzyme Inhibitors......Page 120
Passive Transport: Diffusion across Membranes......Page 121
Osmosis and Water Balance......Page 122
Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Traffic of Large Molecules......Page 124
Chapter Review......Page 125
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Getting the most out of your muscles......Page 128
Chemical Cycling between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration......Page 130
Energy Transformations: An Overview of Cellular Respiration......Page 132
The Three Stages of Cellular Respiration......Page 134
The Results of Cellular Respiration......Page 138
Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells......Page 139
Fermentation in Microorganisms......Page 140
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Importance of Oxygen......Page 141
Chapter Review......Page 142
7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food......Page 144
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A Greasy Crime Wave......Page 145
Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis......Page 146
Energy Transformations: An Overview of Photosynthesis......Page 147
The Nature of Sunlight......Page 148
Chloroplast Pigments......Page 149
How Photosystems Harvest Light Energy......Page 150
How the Light Reactions Generate ATP and NADPH......Page 151
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Creating a Better Biofuel Factory......Page 153
Chapter Review......Page 154
UNIT 2: Genetics......Page 157
8: Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells......Page 158
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Virgin Birth of a Dragon......Page 159
What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes......Page 160
Eukaryotic Chromosomes......Page 161
The Cell Cycle......Page 163
Mitosis and Cytokinesis......Page 164
Cancer Cells: Dividing Out of Control......Page 166
Homologous Chromosomes......Page 168
Gametes and the Life Cycle of a Sexual Organism......Page 169
The Process of Meiosis......Page 170
Review: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis......Page 172
The Origins of Genetic Variation......Page 173
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Do All Animals Have Sex?......Page 175
When Meiosis Goes Awry......Page 176
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Advantages of Sex......Page 178
Chapter Review......Page 179
9: Patterns of Inheritance......Page 182
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Our Longest-Running Genetic Experiment......Page 183
In an Abbey Garden......Page 184
Mendel’s Law of Segregation......Page 185
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment......Page 188
The Rules of Probability......Page 190
Family Pedigrees......Page 191
Human Disorders Controlled by a Single Gene......Page 192
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: What Is the Genetic Basis of Coat Variation in Dogs?......Page 194
Incomplete Dominance in Plants and People......Page 196
ABO Blood Groups: An Example of Multiple Alleles and Codominance......Page 197
Polygenic Inheritance......Page 198
Epigenetics and the Role of Environment......Page 199
Linked Genes......Page 200
Sex-Linked Genes......Page 201
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Barking Up the Evolutionary Tree......Page 203
Chapter Review......Page 204
10: The Structure and Function of DNA......Page 208
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The First 21st-Century Pandemic......Page 209
DNA and RNA Structure......Page 210
Watson and Crick’s Discovery of the Double Helix......Page 211
Structure/Function: DNA Replication......Page 213
How an Organism’s Genotype Determines Its Phenotype......Page 214
From Nucleotides to Amino Acids: An Overview......Page 215
The Genetic Code......Page 216
Transcription: From DNA to RNA......Page 217
Translation: The Players......Page 218
Translation: The Process......Page 220
Review: DNA ? RNA ? Protein......Page 221
Mutations......Page 222
Bacteriophages......Page 224
Animal Viruses......Page 226
HIV, the AIDS Virus......Page 228
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Emerging Viruses......Page 230
Chapter Review......Page 231
11: How Genes Are Controlled......Page 234
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Tobacco’s Smoking Gun......Page 235
Gene Regulation in Bacteria......Page 236
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells......Page 238
Homeotic Genes......Page 241
DNA Microarrays: Visualizing Gene Expression......Page 242
The Genetic Potential of Cells......Page 243
Reproductive Cloning of Animals......Page 244
Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cells......Page 246
Genes That Cause Cancer......Page 247
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Are Childhood Tumors Different?......Page 248
Cancer Risk and Prevention......Page 250
Chapter Review......Page 251
12: DNA Technology......Page 254
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Using DNA to Establish Guilt and Innocence......Page 255
Recombinant DNA Techniques......Page 256
Pharmaceutical Applications......Page 259
Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture......Page 260
Human Gene Therapy......Page 262
DNA Profiling Techniques......Page 263
Investigating Murder, Paternity, and Ancient DNA......Page 266
Genomics......Page 267
The Human Genome......Page 268
Applied Genomics......Page 270
Interconnections within Systems: Systems Biology......Page 271
Safety and Ethical Issues......Page 272
The Controversy over Genetically Modified Foods......Page 273
Ethical Questions Raised by Human DNA Technologies......Page 274
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Y Chromosome as a Window on History......Page 275
Chapter Review......Page 276
UNIT 3: Evolution and Diversity......Page 279
13: How Populations Evolve......Page 280
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Evolution Today......Page 281
Naming and Classifying the Diversity of Life......Page 282
Explaining the Diversity of Life......Page 283
Darwin’s Journey......Page 284
Evidence from Fossils......Page 286
Evidence from Homologies......Page 288
Evolutionary Trees......Page 290
Natural Selection as the Mechanism for Evolution......Page 291
Natural Selection in Action......Page 292
Sources of Genetic Variation......Page 293
Populations as the Units of Evolution......Page 295
Analyzing Gene Pools......Page 296
Genetic Drift......Page 297
Natural Selection: A Closer Look......Page 300
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance......Page 302
Chapter Review......Page 303
14: How Biological Diversity Evolves......Page 306
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Sixth Mass Extinction......Page 307
The Origin of Species......Page 308
What Is a Species?......Page 309
Reproductive Barriers between Species......Page 310
Evolution: Mechanisms of Speciation......Page 312
The Fossil Record......Page 316
Plate Tectonics and Biogeography......Page 318
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Did a Meteor Kill the Dinosaurs?......Page 320
Large Effects from Small Genetic Changes......Page 321
The Evolution of Biological Novelty......Page 322
Classification and Phylogeny......Page 324
Classification: A Work in Progress......Page 326
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Rise of the Mammals......Page 327
Chapter Review......Page 328
15: The Evolution of Microbial Life......Page 330
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Our Invisible Inhabitants......Page 331
Major Episodes in the History of Life......Page 332
A Four-Stage Hypothesis for the Origin of Life......Page 334
From Chemical Evolution to Darwinian Evolution......Page 336
They’re Everywhere!......Page 337
Structure/Function: Prokaryotes......Page 338
The Ecological Impact of Prokaryotes......Page 341
The Two Main Branches of Prokaryotic Evolution: Bacteria and Archaea......Page 342
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Are Intestinal Microbiota to Blame for Obesity?......Page 344
Protists......Page 345
Protozoans......Page 346
Slime Molds......Page 347
Seaweeds......Page 348
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The Sweet Life of Streptococcus mutans......Page 349
Chapter Review......Page 350
16: The Evolution of Plants and Fungi......Page 352
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Diamond of the Kitchen......Page 353
Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants......Page 354
Highlights of Plant Evolution......Page 356
Bryophytes......Page 357
Ferns......Page 359
Gymnosperms......Page 360
Angiosperms......Page 362
Plant Diversity as a Nonrenewable Resource......Page 365
Fungi......Page 366
Structure/Function: Characteristics of Fungi......Page 367
The Ecological Impact of Fungi......Page 368
Commercial Uses of Fungi......Page 369
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: A Mutually Beneficial Symbiosis......Page 370
Chapter Review......Page 371
17: The Evolution of Animals......Page 374
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Discovery of the Hobbit People......Page 375
What Is an Animal?......Page 376
Early Animals and the Cambrian Explosion......Page 377
Evolution: Animal Phylogeny......Page 378
Sponges......Page 379
Cnidarians......Page 380
Molluscs......Page 381
Flatworms......Page 382
Annelids......Page 383
Roundworms......Page 384
Arthropods......Page 385
Echinoderms......Page 391
Characteristics of Chordates......Page 392
Fishes......Page 394
Amphibians......Page 395
Reptiles......Page 396
Mammals......Page 398
The Evolution of Primates......Page 399
The Emergence of Humankind......Page 401
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Who Were the Hobbit People?......Page 403
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Are We Still Evolving?......Page 405
Chapter Review......Page 406
UNIT 4: Ecology......Page 409
18: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere......Page 410
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Penguins, Polar Bears, and People in Peril......Page 411
Ecology and Environmentalism......Page 412
Interconnections of Systems: A Hierarchy of Interactions......Page 413
Energy Source......Page 414
Adjusting to Environmental Variability......Page 416
Freshwater Biomes......Page 418
Marine Biomes......Page 420
How Climate Affects Terrestrial Biome Distribution......Page 422
Terrestrial Biomes......Page 423
Interconnections within Systems: The Water Cycle......Page 429
Forests......Page 430
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming......Page 432
The Accumulation of Greenhouse Gases......Page 433
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Does Climate Change Affect Species Distribution?......Page 434
Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystems......Page 435
Looking to Our Future......Page 436
Chapter Review......Page 437
19: Population Ecology......Page 440
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Invasion of the Lionfish......Page 441
An Overview of Population Ecology......Page 442
Population Age Structure......Page 443
Evolution: Life History Traits as Adaptations......Page 444
The Exponential Population Growth Model: The Ideal of an Unlimited Environment......Page 446
The Logistic Population Growth Model: The Reality of a Limited Environment......Page 447
Regulation of Population Growth......Page 448
Sustainable Resource Management......Page 450
Invasive Species......Page 451
Biological Control of Pests......Page 452
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: Can Biological Control Defeat Kudzu?......Page 453
Integrated Pest Management......Page 454
The History of Human Population Growth......Page 455
Age Structures......Page 456
Our Ecological Footprint......Page 457
Chapter Review......Page 459
20: Communities and Ecosystems......Page 462
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Why Biodiversity Matters......Page 463
Species Diversity......Page 464
Causes of Declining Biodiversity......Page 465
Interspecific Interactions......Page 466
Trophic Structure......Page 470
Species Diversity in Communities......Page 473
Ecological Succession......Page 474
Ecosystem Ecology......Page 475
Energy Transformations: Energy Flow in Ecosystems......Page 476
Interconnections within Systems: Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems......Page 478
Biodiversity “Hot Spots”......Page 482
Conservation at the Ecosystem Level......Page 483
THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: How Does Tropical Forest Fragmentation Affect Biodiversity?......Page 484
Restoring Ecosystems......Page 485
The Goal of Sustainable Development......Page 486
EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Can Biophilia Save Biodiversity?......Page 487
Chapter Review......Page 488
Appendix A: Metric Conversion Table......Page 491
Appendix B: The Periodic Table......Page 493
Appendix C: Credits......Page 495
Appendix D: Self-Quiz Answers......Page 499
Glossary......Page 503
Index......Page 519
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب به زبان اصلی :
NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringBiology does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringBiology search for ISBN-10:0133909700/ISBN-13:9780133909708. That package includes ISBN-10: 0133917789//ISBN-13: 9780133917789 and ISBN-10: 0134001389/ISBN-13: 9780134001388.
For non-majors/mixed biology courses.
Helping students understand why biology matters
Campbell Essential Biologymakes biology interesting and understandable for non-majors biology students. This best-selling textbook, known for its scientific accuracy, clear explanations, and intuitive illustrations, has been revised to further emphasize the relevance of biology to everyday life, using memorable analogies, real-world examples, conversational language, engaging new Why Biology Matters photo essays, and more. NewMasteringBiologyactivities engage students outside of the classroom and help students develop scientific literacy skills.
Also available with MasteringBiology
MasteringBiology is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product that improves results by helping students quickly master concepts. Students benefit from self-paced tutorials that feature immediate wrong-answer feedback and hints that emulate the office-hour experience to help keep students on track. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, many of them contributed by Essential Biology authors, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts. New MasteringBiology activities for this edition include "Essential Biology" videos that help students efficiently review key topics outside of class, "Evaluating Science in the Media" activities that help students to build science literacy skills, and "Scientific Thinking" coaching activities that guide students in understanding the scientific method.