دانلود کتاب Campbell Essential Biology, Global Edition

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Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Authors Preface Acknowledgments Detailed Contents Chapter 1 Learning About Life Chapter Thread Swimming with the Turtles Biology and Society A Passion for Life The Scientific Study of Life An Overview of the Process of Science Hypotheses, Theories, and Facts Controlled Experiments The Process of Science Do Baby Turtles Swim? Evaluating Scientific Claims The Properties of Life Major Themes in Biology The Relationship of Structure to Function Information Flow Pathways That Transform Energy and Matter Interactions within Biological Systems Evolution Evolution Connection Turtles in the Tree of Life Unit 1 Cells Chapter 2 Essential Chemistry for Biology Chapter Thread Helpful Radiation Biology and Society Nuclear Medicine Some Basic Chemistry Matter: Elements and Compounds Atoms The process of science How Effective Is Radiation in Treating Prostate Cancer? Chemical Bonding and Molecules Chemical Reactions Water and Life Water Acids, Bases, and pH Evolution Connection Radioactivity as an Evolutionary Clock Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life Chapter Thread Lactose Intolerance Biology and Society Got Lactose? Organic Compounds Carbon Chemistry Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks Large Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids The Process of Science Does Lactose Intolerance Have a Genetic Basis? Evolution Connection The Evolution of Lactose Intolerance in Humans Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Chapter Thread Humans Versus Bacteria Biology and Society Antibiotics: Drugs That Target Bacterial Cells The Microscopic World of Cells The Two Major Categories of Cells An Overview of Eukaryotic Cells Membrane Structure The Plasma Membrane Cell Surfaces The Process of Science How Was the First 21st-Century Antibiotic Discovered? The Nucleus and Ribosomes:Genetic Control of the Cell The Nucleus Ribosomes How DNA Directs Protein Production The Endomembrane System:Manufacturing and DistributingCellular Products The Endoplasmic Reticulum The Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Chloroplasts and Mitochondria:Providing Cellular Energy Chloroplasts Mitochondria The Cytoskeleton:Cell Shape and Movement Maintaining Cell Shape Flagella and Cilia Evolution Connection The Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Humans Chapter 5 The Working Cell Chapter Thread Nanotechnology Biology and Society Harnessing Cellular Structures Some Basic Energy Concepts Conservation of Energy Heat Chemical Energy Food Calories ATP and Cellular Work The Structure of ATP Phosphate Transfer The ATP Cycle Enzymes Activation Energy The Process of Science Can Enzymes Be Engineered? Enzyme Activity Enzyme Inhibitors Membrane Function Passive Transport: Diffusion across Membranes Osmosis and Water Balance Active Transport: The Pumping of Molecules across Membranes Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Traffic of Large Molecules Evolution Connection The Origin of Membranes Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Chapter Thread Exercise Science Biology and Society Getting the Most Out of Your Muscles Energy Flow and Chemical Cyclingin the Biosphere Producers and Consumers Chemical Cycling between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration:Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy An Overview of Cellular Respiration The Three Stages of Cellular Respiration The Results of Cellular Respiration Fermentation:Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells The Process of Science What Causes Muscle Burn? Fermentation in Microorganisms Evolution Connection The Importance of Oxygen Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to make Food Chapter Thread Solar Energy Biology and Society A Solar Revolution The Basics of Photosynthesis Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis An Overview of Photosynthesis The Light Reactions:Converting Solar Energy to Chemical Energy The Nature of Sunlight The Process of Science What Colors of Light Drive Photosynthesis? Chloroplast Pigments How Photosystems Harvest Light Energy How the Light Reactions Generate ATP and NADPH The Calvin Cycle:Making Sugar from Carbon Dioxide Evolution Connection Creating a Better Biofuel Factory Unit 2 Genetics Chapter 8 Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells Chapter Thread Life with and without Sex Biology and Society Virgin Birth of a Shark What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Eukaryotic Chromosomes Duplicating Chromosomes The Cell Cycle Mitosis and Cytokinesis Cancer Cells: Dividing Out of Control Meiosis, the Basis of Sexual Reproduction Homologous Chromosomes Gametes and the Life Cycle of a Sexual Organism The Process of Meiosis Review: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis The Origins of Genetic Variation The process of Science Do All Animals Have Sex? When Meiosis Goes Wrong Evolution Connection The Advantages of Sex Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance Chapter Thread Dog Breeding Biology and Society Darwin’s Dogs Genetics and Heredity In an Abbey Garden Mendel’s Law of Segregation Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment Using a Testcross to Determine an Unknown Genotype The Rules of Probability Family Pedigrees Human Traits Controlled by a Single Gene The Process of Science What Is the Genetic Basis of Short Legs in Dogs? Variations on Mendel’s Laws Incomplete Dominance in Plants and People ABO Blood Groups: An Example of Multiple Alleles and Codominance Pleiotropy and Sickle-Cell Disease Polygenic Inheritance Epigenetics and the Role of Environment The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Linked Genes Sex Determination in Humans Sex-Linked Genes Evolution Connection Barking Up the Evolutionary Tree Chapter 10 The Structure and Function of DNA Chapter Thread Deadly Viruses Biology and Society The Global Threat of Zika Virus DNA: Structure and Replication DNA and RNA Structure Watson and Crick’s Discovery of the Double Helix DNA Replication From DNA to RNA to Protein How an Organism’s Genotype Determines Its Phenotype From Nucleotides to Amino Acids: An Overview The Genetic Code Transcription: From DNA to RNA Translation: The Players The Processing of Eukaryotic RNA Translation: The Process Review: DNA S RNA S Protein Mutations Viruses and Other NoncellularInfectious Agents Bacteriophages Plant Viruses Animal Viruses The Process of Science Can DNA and RNA Vaccines Protect Against Viruses? HIV, the AIDS Virus Prions Evolution Connection Emerging Viruses Chapter 11 How Genes Are Controlled Chapter Thread Cancer Biology and Society Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy How and Why Genes Are Regulated Gene Regulation in Bacteria Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells Cell Signaling Homeotic Genes Visualizing Gene Expression Cloning Plants and Animals The Genetic Potential of Cells Reproductive Cloning of Animals Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cells The Genetic Basis of Cancer Genes That Cause Cancer The Process of Science Can Avatars Improve Cancer Treatment? Cancer Risk and Prevention Evolution Connection The Evolution of Cancer in the Body Chapter 12 DNA Technology Chapter Thread DNA Profiling Biology and Society Using DNA to Establish Guilt and Innocence Genetic Engineering Recombinant DNA Techniques Gene Editing Medical Applications Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture Human Gene Therapy DNA Profiling and Forensic Science DNA Profiling Techniques Investigating Murder, Paternity, and Ancient DNA Bioinformatics DNA Sequencing Genomics Genome-Mapping Techniques The Human Genome The Process of Science Did Nic Have a Deadly Gene? Applied Genomics Systems Biology Safety and Ethical Issues The Controversy over Genetically Modified Foods Ethical Questions Raised by Human DNA Technologies Evolution Connection The Y Chromosome as a Window on History Unit 3 EvolutionandDiversity Chapter 13 How Populations Evolve Chapter Thread Evolution in Action Biology and Society Mosquitoes and Evolution The Diversity of Life Naming and Classifying the Diversity of Life Explaining the Diversity of Life Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species Darwin’s Journey Darwin’s Theory Evidence of Evolution Evidence from Fossils Evidence from Homologies Evolutionary Trees Natural Selection as the Mechanism for Evolution Natural Selection in Action Key Points about Natural Selection The Evolution of Populations Sources of Genetic Variation Populations as the Units of Evolution Analyzing Gene Pools Population Genetics and Health Science Microevolution as Change in a Gene Pool Mechanisms of Evolution Natural Selection Genetic Drift Gene Flow Natural Selection: A Closer Look The Process of Science Did Natural Selection Shape the Beaks of Darwin’s Finches? Evolution Connection The Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance Chapter 14 How Biological Diversity Evolves Chapter Thread Evolution in the Human-Dominated World Biology and Society Humanity’s Footprint The Origin of Species What is a Species? Reproductive Barriers between Species Mechanisms of Speciation The Process of Science Do Human Activities Facilitate Speciation? Earth History and Macroevolution The Fossil Record Plate Tectonics and Biogeography Mass Extinctions and Explosive Diversifications of Life Mechanisms of Macroevolution Large Effects from Small Genetic Changes The Evolution of Biological Novelty Classifying the Diversity of Life Classification and Phylogeny Classification: A Work in Progress Evolution Connection Evolution in the Anthropocene Chapter 15 The Evolution of Microbial Life Chapter Thread Human Microbiota Biology and Society Our Invisible Inhabitants Major Episodes in the History of Life The Origin of Life A Four-Stage Hypothesis for the Origin of Life From Chemical Evolution to Darwinian Evolution Prokaryotes They’re Everywhere! The Structure and Function of Prokaryotes The Ecological Impact of Prokaryotes The Two Main Branches of Prokaryotic Evolution: Bacteria and Archaea The Process of Science Are Intestinal Microbiota to Blame for Obesity? Protists Protozoans Slime Molds Unicellular and Colonial Algae Seaweeds Evolution Connection The Sweet Life of Streptococcus mutans Chapter 16 The Evolution of Plants and Fungi Chapter Thread Plant-Fungus Interactions Biology and Society The Diamond of the Kitchen Colonizing Land Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants The Origin of Plants from Green Algae Plant Diversity Highlights of Plant Evolution Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Plant Diversity as a Nonrenewable Resource Fungi Characteristics of Fungi The Process of Science What Killed the Pines? The Ecological Impact of Fungi Commercial Uses of Fungi Evolution Connection A Pioneering Partnership Chapter 17 The Evolution of Animals Chapter Thread Human Evolution Biology and Society Evolving Adaptability The Origins of Animal Diversity What is an Animal? Early Animals and the Cambrian Explosion Animal Phylogeny Major Invertebrate Phyla Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs Flatworms Annelids Roundworms Arthropods Echinoderms Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity Characteristics of Chordates Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals The Human Ancestry The Evolution of Primates The Emergence of Humankind The Process of Science What Can Lice Tell Us About Ancient Humans? Evolution Connection Are We Still Evolving? Unit 4 Ecology Chapter 18 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Chapter Thread Climate Change Biology and Society Penguins, Polar Bears, and People in Peril An Overview of Ecology Ecology and Environmentalism A Hierarchy of Interactions Living in Earth’s Diverse Environments Abiotic Factors of the Biosphere The Evolutionary Adaptations of Organisms Adjusting to Environmental Variability Biomes Freshwater Biomes Marine Biomes How Climate Affects Terrestrial Biome Distribution Terrestrial Biomes The Water Cycle Human Impact on Biomes Climate Change The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming The Accumulation of Greenhouse Gases Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystems The Process of Science How Does Climate Change Affect Species Distribution? Looking to Our Future Evolution Connection Climate Change as an Agent of Natural Selection Chapter 19 Population Ecology Chapter Thread Biological Invasions Biology and Society Invasion of the Lionfish An Overview of Population Ecology Population Density Population Age Structure Life Tables and Survivorship Curves Life History Traits as Adaptations Population Growth Models The Exponential Population Growth Model: The Ideal of an Unlimited Environment The Logistic Population Growth Model: The Reality of a Limited Environment Regulation of Population Growth Applications of Population Ecology Conservation of Endangered Species Sustainable Resource Management Invasive Species Biological Control of Pests The Process of Science Can Fences Stop Cane Toads? Integrated Pest Management Human Population Growth The History of Human Population Growth Age Structures Our Ecological Footprint Evolution Connection Humans as an Invasive Species Chapter 20 Communities and Ecosystems Chapter Thread Importance of Biodiversity Biology and Society Why Biodiversity Matters Biodiversity Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Ecosystem Diversity Causes of Declining Biodiversity Community Ecology Interspecific Interactions Trophic Structure Species Diversity in Communities Disturbances and Succession in Communities Ecological Succession Ecosystem Ecology Energy Flow in Ecosystems Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems Conservation and Restoration Biology Biodiversity “Hot Spots” Conservation at the Ecosystem Level The Process of Science Does Biodiversity Protect Human Health? Restoring Ecosystems The Goal of Sustainable Development Evloution Connection Saving the Hot Spots Appendix A Metric Conversion Table B The Periodic Table C Credits D Selected Answers Glossary Index Back Cover