دانلود کتاب Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: Acute and Long-Term Impacts (Contemporary Cardiology)

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Foreword\nPreface\nAcknowledgments\nContents\nPart I: General Part\n Chapter 1: Biology of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus; Origin, Structure, and Variants\n Introduction\n Method of Search\n The SARS-CoV-2 Biology\n The SARS-CoV-2 Origins\n HCoV-229E\n HCoV-OC43\n SARS-CoV\n HCoV-NL63\n HCoV-HKU1\n MERS-CoV\n SARS-CoV-2\n The SARS-CoV-2 Structure\n SARS-CoV-2 Variants\n Conclusion\n References\n Chapter 2: COVID-19 Epidemiology and Differences in Incidence and Mortality Between Countries\n Origins\n Asian Countries\n COVID-19 in the United States of America\n Canada\n Mexico\n Peru\n Brazil\n Colombia\n Europe\n Russia\n Ukraine\n Italy\n Poland\n South Africa\n Antarctica\n References\n Chapter 3: Clinical Symptoms and Course of COVID-19\n SARS-CoV-2 Transmission\n Virus Replication\n Immunological Responses and Cytokine Storm (CS)\n Virus Variants and Associated Evolution in the Clinical Course\n Clinical Stages of COVID-19 [21]\n Mild and Asymptomatic Stage\n Symptomatic Stage\n Severe Disease\n Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome/Critical Stage\n Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19\n General Symptoms in the Early, Asymptomatic and Mild Infection\n Respiratory Manifestations\n Extra-Respiratory Manifestations\n Hematologic Abnormalities\n Prothrombotic Events\n Cardiovascular Involvement\n Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations\n Kidney Involvement\n Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Involvement\n Skin Associated COVID-19 Symptoms\n COVID-19 in Children\n Long COVID-19\n Conclusions\n References\n Chapter 4: Risk Factors of Developing COVID-19 and its Severe Course\n COVID-19 and Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors\n Age\n Sex\n Smoking\n Diabetes\n Obesity\n Hypertension\n Dyslipidemia\n Chronic Kidney Disease\n Additional Markers of Increased CV Disease Risk in COVID-19\n References\n Chapter 5: Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients: Statistics, Risk Factors\n Introduction\n Demographic Features\n Age and Sex\n Ethnicity\n Clinical Symptoms\n Comorbidities and the Course of COVID-19\n Hypertension\n Diabetes Mellitus\n Obesity\n Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)\n Chronic Kidney Disease\n Cancer\n Special Conditions and Populations of Patients and the COVID-19 Course\n Smoking\n Pregnancy\n Children\n Selected Laboratory Parameters Values and the COVID-19 Course\n Leukocyte Counts\n Lymphocyte Counts\n Neutrophil Counts\n Platelet Counts\n C-Reactive Protein (CRP)\n Procalcitonin (PCT)\n Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)\n Interleukin 6 (IL-6)\n D-Dimer\n Ferritin\n Albumin\n Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)\n Cardiac Troponin\n Complications\n Reinfection\n Conclusions and Take-Home Message\n References\nPart II: Cardiovascular Complications of the Acute Phase of COVID-19\n Chapter 6: Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment)\n Introduction\n Definition of COVID-19 Induced Myocardial Injury\n Epidemiology\n Pathogenesis of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 Patients\n Biomarkers Assessment of Myocardial Injury\n Cardiac Troponin\n Myocardial and Systemic Inflammation\n Other Biomarkers\n Paraclinical Assessment of Myocardial Injury\n ECG\n Cardiac Ultrasound\n Coronary Angiography\n Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)\n Cardiac MRI\n Follow-Up and Treatment\n Prognosis\n Conclusions\n References\n Chapter 7: Acute Coronary Syndrome: Destabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque in COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment)\n COVID-19: Short Clinical Characteristics Through the Prism of Cardiology\n Epidemiology and Risk of ACS During SARS-CoV-2 Infection\n ACS During SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prognosis\n Pathogenesis of ACS Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection\n Diagnostics and Treatment Aspects\n STEMI: ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic [101]\n NSTEMI: ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic [101]\n ACS Prevention\n Conclusions\n References\n Chapter 8: Acute Vascular Injury in COVID-19\n Introduction\n Pathophysiology\n Clinical Presentation\n Respiratory\n Cardiovascular\n Central Nervous System\n Gastrointestinal\n Renal\n Dermatological\n Systemic Vasculitis\n Vaccine-Related Complications\n Treatment\n Anticoagulation\n Acute Coronary Syndrome\n Ischemic Stroke\n Venous Thromboembolism, DVT, and PE\n Acute Limb Ischemia\n Prophylaxis\n Anticoagulation\n Anti-Inflammatory Therapies\n Statins\n RAAS Inhibition\n Conclusion\n References\n Chapter 9: Heart Failure and Acute Circulatory Failure in COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment)\n Epidemiology\n Influence on Prognosis\n Pre-existing HF\n New Onset of HF\n Cardiogenic Shock\n Pathogenesis\n Direct Injury\n Systemic Inflammation\n Hypoxic Injury\n Endothelial Dysfunction-Induced Coagulation Disorders\n Treatment\n Chronic Heart Failure Treatment\n Acute Heart Failure Treatment\n References\n Chapter 10: Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment)\n Introduction\n Heart Failure, Cardiomyopathies and COVID-19\n Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy and COVID-19\n Dilated Cardiomyopathy and COVID-19\n Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy\n Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19\n Cardiomyopathies and COVID-19 Vaccines\n Summary\n References\n Chapter 11: Arrhythmias in COVID-19\n Epidemiology\n Influence on Prognosis\n Pathogenesis\n Treatment\n References\n Chapter 12: Thromboembolic Events in COVID-19\n Epidemiology\n Pathogenesis\n The Diagnosis of VTE in COVID-19\n Treatment\n Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with COVID-19\n Influence on Prognosis\n Conclusions\n References\n Chapter 13: Stroke in COVID-19\n Introduction\n Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) in COVID-19 Pandemic\n Epidemiology of IS and TIA During COVID-19 Pandemic\n Description of IS in COVID-19 Positive Patients\n Clinical, Etiological, and Imaging Features of COVID-19 Positive IS Patients\n Management of COVID-19 Positive Patients with IS\n Outcome of COVID-19 Positive Patients with IS\n Pathogenesis\n Conclusions\n Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS) in COVID-19 Pandemic\n Epidemiology of HS During COVID-19 Pandemic\n Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)\n Clinical Features of ICH in COVID-19 Positive Patients\n Comorbidities of COVID-19 Positive Patients with ICH\n Management of COVID-19 Positive Patients with ICH\n Course and Outcome of HS in COVID-19 Positive Patients\n Pathogenesis\n Conclusion\n Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) in COVID-19 Pandemic\n Epidemiology During COVID-19 Pandemic\n Clinical Features of COVID-19 Positive SAH Patients\n Course and Outcome of COVID-19 Positive Patients with SAH\n Pathogenesis\n Conclusion\n Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) in COVID-19 Positive Patients\n Epidemiology of CVT During COVID-19 Pandemic\n Clinical Features of CVT in COVID-19 Positive Patients\n Course and Outcome of CVT in COVID-19 Positive Patients\n Pathogenesis\n Conclusion\n References\n Chapter 14: Pulmonary Embolism After COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment)\n Introduction\n Epidemiology\n Incidence, Risk Factors\n Pathogenesis\n Thromboembolic Event Prevention and Management in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients\n Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Severe Hospitalized Patients\n Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Mild to Moderate Patients\n Prophylactic Treatment in Outpatient\n Anticoagulation After Discharge from COVID-19 Hospitalization\n Therapeutic Anticoagulation of Incident Thromboembolism Event\n Medium- and Long-Term Prognosis After a Venous Thrombotic Event\n Conclusion\n References\n Chapter 15: Interaction of Anti-COVID-19 Drugs with Cardiovascular Therapy\n Statins\n β-Blockers\n Antihypertensive Drugs\n Natural Drugs\n References\nPart III: Influence of the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases on the Course of COVID-19\n Chapter 16: Beyond the Vaccines-Bioactive Lipids in COVID-19\n Introduction\n Bioactive Lipids LA and AA Can Inactivate SARS-CoV-2\n Immunocytes and AA\n M1 and M2 Macrophages and Lipids\n Interaction(s) Among Desaturases, COX, LOX, n-3, and n-6 Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites and Cytokines\n PGE2 and LXA4 Interact with each Other to Control Inflammation and Its Resolution\n Conclusions and Therapeutic Implications\n References\n Chapter 17: Statins and COVID-19 (Mechanism of Action, Effect on Prognosis)\n Statins and COVID-19: Mechanism of Action\n Direct Effect of Statins\n Indirect Effect of Statins\n Statins and COVID-19: Effect on Prognosis\n COVID-19 and Familial Hypercholesterolemia\n References\n Chapter 18: COVID-19 and Antihypertensive Treatment\n Introduction\n COVID-19 and Hypertension\n COVID-19 and Antihypertensive Drug Treatment\n Study Limitations\n Blood Pressure Values, Blood Pressure Control, and COVID-19 Pandemic\n COVID-19 and Hypertension Guidelines\n References\n Chapter 19: Colchicine in COVID-19 (Mechanism of Action, Effect on Prognosis)\n Introduction\n COVID-19 and the Role of Inflammation\n Colchicine\n Mechanism of Action\n Colchicine Pharmacokinetics\n Impact of Colchicine on Mortality and Morbidity on COVID-19\n Role of Colchicine in Cardiac Protection\n Colchicine Dosage for Cardioprotection in Patients with COVID-19\n Role of Colchicine in Glycemic Level\n Role of Colchicine on Furin Level\n Conclusions\n References\n Chapter 20: Antiplatelet Drugs in COVID-19: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Prognosis\n Introduction\n Thrombosis in COVID-19: Pathophysiological Perspectives\n Platelets in COVID-19\n Thrombosis in COVID-19: Clinical Perspectives\n Aspirin in COVID-19\n Anti-thrombotic Effects of Aspirin\n Anti-inflammatory Effects of Aspirin\n Anti-viral Effects of Aspirin\n Mechanism of Action of Other Antiplatelets in COVID-19 Disease\n Clinical Studies of Aspirin in COVID-19\n Aspirin in Patients with COVID-19 in the Community\n Trials of Other Antiplatelet Drugs\n Future Trials\n Conclusion\n References\n Chapter 21: Antidiabetic Drugs in COVID-19\n Introduction\n Metformin\n Sulfonylureas (SUs)\n Pioglitazone\n Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors (DPP4i)\n Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs)\n Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i)\n Insulin\n Conclusions\n References\nPart IV: Cardiovascular Complications on Long COVID-19\n Chapter 22: Long-COVID-19: Definition, Epidemiology, and Clinical Implications\n Introduction\n Biological and Historical Context\n Definitions of Long-COVID\n Symptoms and Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Long-COVID\n Epidemiology of Long-COVID\n Clinical Implications of Long-COVID\n Conclusions and Future Directions\n References\n Chapter 23: Cardiovascular Complications of Long COVID-19: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Risk Factors\n Introduction\n Long COVID-19 Epidemiology\n Risk Factors for Developing Severe and Long-Lasting COVID-19\n Characteristic Symptoms of Long COVID-19\n Overview of Long COVID-19 Symptoms and Possible Mechanisms Leading to Their Development\n Mechanisms Underlying Cardiovascular Damage in Long COVID-19\n The Effect of Long COVID-19 on the Heart Muscle\n The Effect of Long COVID-19 on Blood Vessels\n Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Effects in Long COVID-19\n References\n Chapter 24: Cardiovascular Complications of Long-COVID: Management\n Introduction\n Review of Original Studies\n Review of Guidelines\n Management\n Heart Failure\n Coronary Artery Disease\n Arrhythmia\n Myocarditis\n Venous Thromboembolism\n Conclusions\n References\nPart V: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the e-Services and Digital Tools Development in Medicime\n Chapter 25: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on e-Services and Digital Tools Development in Medicine\n Introduction\n COVID-19 as a Catalyst for Research and Innovation on, and Uptake of, Digital Tools\n Digital Tools for Tracking\n Digital Tools for Infection Screening\n Digital Tools for Contact Tracing\n Digital Tools for Quarantine and Self-Isolation\n Digital Tools for Clinical Monitoring\n Discussion and Future Perspectives\n References\nIndex