توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: Risk, Pathogenesis and Outcomes
نام کتاب : Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: Risk, Pathogenesis and Outcomes
ویرایش : 1st ed. 2022
عنوان ترجمه شده به فارسی : عوارض قلبی عروقی COVID-19: خطر، پاتوژنز و پیامدها
سری :
نویسندگان : Umair Mallick
ناشر : Springer
سال نشر : 2022
تعداد صفحات : 424
[416]
ISBN (شابک) : 3030900649 , 9783030900649
زبان کتاب : English
فرمت کتاب : pdf
حجم کتاب : 13 Mb
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توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب :
این کتاب شواهدی را که در پس رابطه بین COVID-19 و بیماری قلبی بر اساس دادههای پیشرفته در حال ظهور است، مورد بحث قرار میدهد. گسترش سریع و غیرمنتظره جهانی کووید-19 سطوح متناسبی از عوارض قلبی عروقی و متابولیک را آشکار کرده است. مکانیسم های بیماری زایی بی شماری به سطح آمده است. هنوز تحقیقات زیادی مورد نیاز است تا مشخص شود آیا بیماری قلبی عروقی باعث عوارض COVID-19 می شود یا اینکه بیماری قلبی عروقی در نتیجه عفونت ظاهر می شود و کدام مکانیسم ها مسئول آن هستند. با توجه به اینکه بیماریهای قلبی عروقی و متابولیک در حال حاضر در سطح همهگیری قرار دارند و انتظار میرود افزایش بیشتری پیدا کنند، این کتاب تجزیه و تحلیل فوری و کامل این ارتباط را در اختیار خوانندگان قرار میدهد.
عوارض قلبی عروقی COVID-19: خطر، پاتوژنز و پیامدها به تعداد فزایندهای از سؤالات مربوط به بیماریهای قلبی در COVID-19 پاسخ میدهد و ارتباط بین این همهگیریها و شامل عوامل خطر، مکانیسمها و نحوه تأثیرگذاری این موارد بر جمعیتهای مختلف بیماران را برجسته میکند. این توضیح میدهد که چگونه COVID-19 بر بیماران مسنتر و مبتلایان به بیماریهای متابولیک مانند چاقی و دیابت تأثیر میگذارد، در حالی که یک نمای کلی از دوگانگی جنسیتی مشاهده شده در میان بیماران ارائه میدهد. بنابراین نه تنها برای همه پزشکان قلب و عروق بلکه برای هر متخصص مراقبت بهداشتی که بیماران مبتلا به این بیماریها یا کسانی که کووید-19 را بررسی میکنند، یک منبع ضروری است.
فهرست مطالب :
Contents
1 The Epidemiology of CoViD19 and Cardiovascular Diseases
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Epidemiology
1.2.1 Cardiovascular Disease or CoViD19, Which Comes First?
1.2.2 The Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in CoViD19
1.2.3 Role of the Pre-existing Cardiovascular Diseases in CoViD19
1.2.4 Critical CoViD19 Complications and Pre-existing Cardiovascular Disease
1.2.5 Role of Cardiovascular Complications in CoViD19 Mortality
1.3 Discussion
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Virology of CoViD19
2.1 Viral Characteristics
2.1.1 Origins of SARS CoV2
2.1.2 Hosts
2.1.3 SARS CoV2 Structure
2.1.4 SARS CoV2 Affinity and Infectivity
2.1.5 SARS CoV2 Variability and Strains
2.2 Mechanism of Viral Entry in Cells
2.2.1 SARS CoV2 Viral Spike-ACE2 Signaling Mechanisms
2.2.2 SARS COV, Cell Entry, and Receptors
2.2.3 SARS CoV2 Similarities with SARS COV and MERS
2.2.4 SARS CoV2, Cell Entry and Receptors
2.3 Summary
References
3 An Introduction to the Clinical and Diagnostic Features, and CoViD19 Complications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Clinical Symptomatology
3.3 Sepsis and Complications of CoViD19
3.4 Important Diagnostic Features
3.4.1 Viral Sampling
3.4.2 Biochemical and Hematological Features
3.4.3 Radiological Features
3.5 Summary
References
4 The Pathological Features of CoViD19 Cardiovascular Complications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key Features of Cardiovascular Pathology
4.2.1 The Myocardial Injury in CoViD19
4.2.2 Endomyocardial Biopsy and Myocarditis
4.2.3 Endomyocardial Biopsy and Myocarditis with Viral Localization
4.2.4 The Vascular Injury, Microvascular Cardiac Involvement, and Thromboembolic Features
4.2.5 Endothelial Cell Infection and Apoptosis
4.3 Summary
References
5 Treatment Options in CoViD19
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Antiviral Agents in CoViD19
5.2.1 Viral Cell Entry Inhibition and Viral Assembly Blockage
5.3 Amino Quinolones in CoViD19
5.3.1 Analysis of Body of Evidence on Amino Quinolones in CoViD19
5.4 Immune-Based Therapies in CoViD19
5.4.1 Immunomodulatory Agents
5.4.2 Convalescent Plasma, and Antibody-Based Therapies
5.5 Potential Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms
5.5.1 NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3)-Anti-inflammasomes
5.5.2 Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)-Anti NETosis Therapy
5.6 Anticoagulants
5.7 CoViD19 Vaccines
5.8 Summary
References
6 An Introduction to the Pathogenetic Mechanisms of CoViD19 Complications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Acute Pulmonary Injury
6.3 Sepsis and Multi-organ Failure
6.4 Renin Angiotensin System
6.5 Endothelin System
6.6 Immune-Inflammation
6.7 Summary
References
7 Overview of Cytokines and CoViD19
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cytokines
7.2.1 Interferon
7.2.2 Interleukins
7.2.3 Chemokines
7.2.4 Colony Stimulating Factors
7.2.5 Tumor Necrosis Factor
7.3 Cytokine Storm in CoViD19
7.3.1 Kinetics of the Cytokine Storm
7.3.2 The “T” Cell Response
7.3.3 Cytokines and Severity of CoViD19
7.4 Cytokines in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
7.5 Summary
References
8 The Renin-Angiotensin System in COVID19
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Renin Angiotensin System
8.2.1 ACE2 Synthesis and Distribution
8.2.2 ACE2 Expression
8.2.3 ACE2 Detection
8.3 The Dynamics of ACE2 Expression in CoViD19
8.3.1 ACE2 Expression in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Conditions
8.3.2 The Dynamics of ACE2 Expression and Cardiovascular Risk in CoViD19
8.3.3 Age and Gender Variations of ACE2 and CoViD19
8.4 ACE2 is a Marker of Severity or a Compensatory Mechanism?
8.5 Summary
References
9 Thrombosis in CoViD19
9.1 Epidemiology
9.2 Mechanisms Promoting Thrombosis in CoViD19
9.2.1 Renin Angiotensin System and Thrombosis
9.2.2 Endothelial Cell Damage and Thrombosis
9.2.3 Inflammation and Thrombosis
9.2.4 Microangiopathy and Thrombosis in CoViD19
9.2.5 Platelets and Thrombosis in CoViD19
9.2.6 D Dimers in CoViD19
9.2.7 Hypoxia and Thrombosis
9.2.8 Ethnic Disparities, High-Risk Subgroups and Coagulation
9.3 Summary
References
10 Pathogenesis of CoViD19—Miscellaneous Mechanisms
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Regulatory Peptide Systems in CoViD19
10.2.1 Kallikrein-Kinin System
10.2.2 Endothelin System
10.2.3 Natriuretic Peptide System
10.3 Miscellaneous Mechanisms
10.3.1 Direct Viral Damage
10.3.2 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
10.3.3 Cell Death Modalities
10.3.4 Mitochondrial Dysfunction
10.4 Summary
References
11 Myocardial Injury in CoViD19
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Epidemiology of Myocardial Injury
11.3 Definition, Presentation, and Challenges of Myocardial Injury
11.4 Timing and Assessment of Myocardial Injury
11.5 Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury
11.6 Pathogenesis of the Myocardial Injury
11.7 Summary
References
12 Heart Failure in CoViD19
12.1 Epidemiology
12.2 Role of Comorbidities in Heart Failure with CoViD19
12.3 Biomarkers of Heart Failure in CoViD19
12.4 Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Heart Failure in CoViD19
12.5 Summary
References
13 Hypertension in CoViD19
13.1 Epidemiology
13.2 Complexities in Hypertension and CoViD19
13.3 CoViD19 Susceptibility and Hypertension
13.4 Pathogenesis
13.5 Summary
References
14 Cardiac Arrhythmias in CoViD19
14.1 Epidemiology of Arrhythmias in CoViD19
14.2 Pathogenesis of Arrhythmias in CoViD19
14.3 Summary
References
15 Acute Coronary Syndromes in CoViD19
15.1 Epidemiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes in CoViD19
15.2 Defining Acute Coronary Syndromes, Challenges in Presentation and Assessment
15.3 Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes in CoViD19
15.4 Summary
References
16 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID19
16.1 Epidemiology
16.2 Pathogenesis
16.3 Treatment Implications
16.4 Summary
References
17 Obesity and COVID19
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Pathogenetic Links – Obesity and CoViD19
17.3 Summary
References
18 The Older Age Adults and COVID19
18.1 Epidemiology
18.1.1 Oder Age and CoViD19 Criticality
18.1.2 CoViD19 Fatality in Older Age Adults
18.1.3 Older Age and Cardiovascular Disease in CoViD19
18.2 CoViD19 Biomarkers in Older Adults
18.3 Risk Mechanisms in Older Age and CoViD19
18.3.1 Immune Dysfunction and Inflammation
18.3.2 ACE2 Mechanisms
18.3.3 Miscellaneous Age Related Mechanisms
18.4 Summary
References
19 Gender Disparity in CoViD19
19.1 Epidemiology
19.2 Discrepancies in the Epidemiological Data
19.3 Factors Associated with Gender Dichotomy
19.4 Gender Disparity in Immune Response
19.5 Gender Disparity in ACE2 Mechanisms
19.6 Gender Disparity in Cardiovascular Diseases
19.6.1 Cardiovascular Pathogenetic Features and Gender
19.7 Summary
References
20 An Overview of Quality of Research in COVID19
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Quality Issues in CoViD19 Research and Improvement Initiatives
20.3 Summary
References
Index
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب به زبان اصلی :
This book discusses the evidence behind the relationship between COVID-19 and heart disease based on emerging state-of-the-art data. The rapid and unexpected global spread of the COVID-19 has revealed proportional levels of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. A myriad of pathogenetic mechanisms has come to the surface. There is still much research required to define whether cardiovascular disease causes COVID-19 complications or that cardiovascular disease appears as a result of the infection and which mechanisms are responsible. With cardiovascular and metabolic diseases already at pandemic levels and expected to increase further, this book provides readers with an urgent and thorough analysis of this association.
Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: Risk, Pathogenesis and Outcomes provides answers to the increasing numbers of questions related to heart disease in COVID-19, highlighting the association between these pandemics and including risk factors, mechanisms and how these may impact diverse patients populations. It describes how COVID-19 impacts older patients and those with metabolic illnesses such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, while providing an overview of the observed gender dichotomy among patients. It therefore represents an essential resource not only for all cardiovascular physicians but also for any healthcare professionals managing patients with these diseases or those exploring COVID-19.