دانلود کتاب CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Author
About the Contributing Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Introduction
Your Study Plan
A Brief Perspective on Cisco Certification Exams
Five Study Plan Steps
Step 1: Think in Terms of Parts and Chapters
Step 2: Build Your Study Habits Around the Chapter
Step 3: Use Book Parts for Major Milestones
Step 4: Use Volume 2’s Final Review Chapter
Step 5: Set Goals and Track Your Progress
Things to Do Before Starting the First Chapter
Bookmark the Companion Website
Bookmark/Install Pearson Test Prep
Understand This Book’s PTP Databases and Modes
Practice Viewing Per-Chapter DIKTA Questions
Practice Viewing Per-Part Review Questions
Join the Cisco Learning Network CCNA Study Group
Getting Started: Now
Part I: Introduction to Networking
Chapter 1 Introduction to TCP/IP Networking
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Perspectives on Networking
TCP/IP Networking Model
History Leading to TCP/IP
Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model
TCP/IP Application Layer
HTTP Overview
HTTP Protocol Mechanisms
TCP/IP Transport Layer
TCP Error Recovery Basics
Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions
TCP/IP Network Layer
Internet Protocol and the Postal Service
Internet Protocol Addressing Basics
IP Routing Basics
TCP/IP Data-Link and Physical Layers
Data Encapsulation Terminology
Names of TCP/IP Messages
OSI Networking Model and Terminology
Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Layer Names and Numbers
OSI Data Encapsulation Terminology
Chapter Review
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
An Overview of LANs
Typical SOHO LANs
Typical Enterprise LANs
The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards
Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data-Link Layer
Building Physical Ethernet LANs with UTP
Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs
Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T
Straight-Through Cable Pinout
Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T
Building Physical Ethernet LANs with Fiber
Fiber Cabling Transmission Concepts
Using Fiber with Ethernet
Sending Data in Ethernet Networks
Ethernet Data-Link Protocols
Ethernet Addressing
Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field
Error Detection with FCS
Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs
Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full Duplex
Using Half Duplex with LAN Hubs
Chapter Review
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs and IP Routing
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Wide-Area Networks
Leased-Line WANs
Physical Details of Leased Lines
HDLC Data-Link Details of Leased Lines
How Routers Use a WAN Data Link
Ethernet as a WAN Technology
Ethernet WANs That Create a Layer 2 Service
How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation
IP Routing
Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic
Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router
R1 and R2’s Logic: Routing Data Across the Network
R3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination
How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs
How IP Addressing Helps IP Routing
Rules for Groups of IP Addresses (Networks and Subnets)
The IP Header
How IP Routing Protocols Help IP Routing
Other Network Layer Features
Using Names and the Domain Name System
The Address Resolution Protocol
ICMP Echo and the ping Command
Chapter Review
Part I: Review
Part II: Implementing Ethernet LANs
Chapter 4 Using the Command-Line Interface
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Accessing the Cisco Catalyst Switch CLI
Cisco Catalyst Switches
Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI
Cabling the Console Connection
Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH
User and Enable (Privileged) Modes
Password Security for CLI Access from the Console
CLI Help Features
The debug and show Commands
Configuring Cisco IOS Software
Configuration Submodes and Contexts
Storing Switch Configuration Files
Copying and Erasing Configuration Files
Chapter Review
Chapter 5 Analyzing Ethernet LAN Switching
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
LAN Switching Concepts
Overview of Switching Logic
Forwarding Known Unicast Frames
Learning MAC Addresses
Flooding Unknown Unicast and Broadcast Frames
Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol
LAN Switching Summary
Verifying and Analyzing Ethernet Switching
Demonstrating MAC Learning
Switch Interfaces
Finding Entries in the MAC Address Table
Managing the MAC Address Table (Aging, Clearing)
MAC Address Tables with Multiple Switches
Chapter Review
Chapter 6 Configuring Basic Switch Management
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Securing the Switch CLI
Securing User Mode and Privileged Mode with Simple Passwords
Securing User Mode Access with Local Usernames and Passwords
Securing User Mode Access with External Authentication Servers
Securing Remote Access with Secure Shell
Enabling IPv4 for Remote Access
Host and Switch IP Settings
Configuring IPv4 on a Switch
Configuring a Switch to Learn Its IP Address with DHCP
Verifying IPv4 on a Switch
Miscellaneous Settings Useful in the Lab
History Buffer Commands
The logging synchronous, exec-timeout, and no ip domain-lookup Commands
Chapter Review
Chapter 7 Configuring and Verifying Switch Interfaces
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Configuring Switch Interfaces
Configuring Speed, Duplex, and Description
Configuring Multiple Interfaces with the interface range Command
Administratively Controlling Interface State with shutdown
Removing Configuration with the no Command
Autonegotiation
Autonegotiation Under Working Conditions
Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses Autonegotiation
Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs
Analyzing Switch Interface Status and Statistics
Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States
Interface Speed and Duplex Issues
Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces
Chapter Review
Part II: Review
Part III: Implementing VLANs and STP
Chapter 8 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Virtual LAN Concepts
Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking
VLAN Tagging Concepts
The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols
Forwarding Data Between VLANs
The Need for Routing Between VLANs
Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router
VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification
Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface
VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration
VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration
VLAN Trunking Protocol
VLAN Trunking Configuration
Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones
Data and Voice VLAN Concepts
Data and Voice VLAN Configuration and Verification
Summary: IP Telephony Ports on Switches
Troubleshooting VLANs and VLAN Trunks
Access VLANs Undefined or Disabled
Mismatched Trunking Operational States
The Supported VLAN List on Trunks
Mismatched Native VLAN on a Trunk
Chapter Review
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
STP and RSTP Basics
The Need for Spanning Tree
What Spanning Tree Does
How Spanning Tree Works
The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU
Electing the Root Switch
Choosing Each Switch’s Root Port
Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment
Configuring to Influence the STP Topology
Details Specific to STP (and Not RSTP)
STP Activity When the Network Remains Stable
STP Timers That Manage STP Convergence
Changing Interface States with STP
Rapid STP Concepts
Comparing STP and RSTP
RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port Role
RSTP States and Processes
RSTP and the Backup (Designated) Port Role
RSTP Port Types
Optional STP Features
EtherChannel
PortFast
BPDU Guard
Chapter Review
Chapter 10 RSTP and EtherChannel Configuration
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Understanding RSTP Through Configuration
The Need for Multiple Spanning Trees
STP Modes and Standards
The Bridge ID and System ID Extension
How Switches Use the Priority and System ID Extension
RSTP Methods to Support Multiple Spanning Trees
Other RSTP Configuration Options
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel
Configuring a Manual Layer 2 EtherChannel
Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels
Physical Interface Configuration and EtherChannels
EtherChannel Load Distribution
Configuration Options for EtherChannel Load Distribution
The Effects of the EtherChannel Load Distribution Algorithm
Chapter Review
Part III: Review
Part IV: IPv4 Addressing
Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Introduction to Subnetting
Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example
Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs
Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet
Determining the Number of Subnets
Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet
One Size Subnet Fits All—Or Not
Defining the Size of a Subnet
One Size Subnet Fits All
Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks)
One Mask for All Subnets, or More Than One
Make Design Choices
Choose a Classful Network
Public IP Networks
Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space
Private IP Networks
Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase
Choose the Mask
Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting
Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits
Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits
Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts
Masks and Mask Formats
Build a List of All Subnets
Plan the Implementation
Assigning Subnets to Different Locations
Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet
Chapter Review
Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Classful Network Concepts
IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts
The Number and Size of the Class A, B, and C Networks
Address Formats
Default Masks
Number of Hosts per Network
Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers
Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses
Practice with Classful Networks
Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address
Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes
Chapter Review
Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Subnet Mask Conversion
Three Mask Formats
Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks
Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks
Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks
Practice Converting Subnet Masks
Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks
Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two Parts
Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts
Classless and Classful Addressing
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format
Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks
Chapter Review
Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Defining a Subnet
An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets
Subnet ID Concepts
Subnet Broadcast Address
Range of Usable Addresses
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary
Finding the Subnet ID: Binary
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary
Binary Practice Problems
Shortcut for the Binary Process
Brief Note About Boolean Math
Finding the Range of Addresses
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal
Analysis with Easy Masks
Predictability in the Interesting Octet
Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks
Resident Subnet Example 1
Resident Subnet Example 2
Resident Subnet Practice Problems
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks
Subnet Broadcast Example 1
Subnet Broadcast Example 2
Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems
Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets
A Choice: Memorize or Calculate
Chapter Review
Part IV: Review
Part V: IPv4 Routing
Chapter 15 Operating Cisco Routers
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Installing Cisco Routers
Installing Enterprise Routers
Cisco Integrated Services Routers
Physical Installation
Installing SOHO Routers
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Router Interfaces
Accessing the Router CLI
Router Interfaces
Interface Status Codes
Router Interface IP Addresses
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces
Router Auxiliary Port
Chapter Review
Chapter 16 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Static Routes
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
IP Routing
IPv4 Routing Process Reference
An Example of IP Routing
Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway)
Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame
Routing Step 2: De-encapsulation of the IP Packet
Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet
Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame
Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame
Configuring IP Addresses and Connected Routes
Connected Routes and the ip address Command
The ARP Table on a Cisco Router
Configuring Static Routes
Static Network Routes
Static Host Routes
Floating Static Routes
Static Default Routes
Troubleshooting Static Routes
Troubleshooting Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IP Routing Table
The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IP Routing Table
The Correct Static Route Appears but Works Poorly
IP Forwarding with the Longest Prefix Match
Using show ip route to Find the Best Route
Using show ip route address to Find the Best Route
Interpreting the IP Routing Table
Chapter Review
Chapter 17 IP Routing in the LAN
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
VLAN Routing with Router 802.1Q Trunks
Configuring ROAS
Verifying ROAS
Troubleshooting ROAS
VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch SVIs
Configuring Routing Using Switch SVIs
Verifying Routing with SVIs
Troubleshooting Routing with SVIs
VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch Routed Ports
Implementing Routed Interfaces on Switches
Implementing Layer 3 EtherChannels
Troubleshooting Layer 3 EtherChannels
Chapter Review
Chapter 18 Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Problem Isolation Using the ping Command
Ping Command Basics
Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Command
Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the Problem
Using Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route
Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping
Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping
Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping
Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses
Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command
traceroute Basics
How the traceroute Command Works
Standard and Extended traceroute
Telnet and SSH
Common Reasons to Use the IOS Telnet and SSH Client
IOS Telnet and SSH Examples
Chapter Review
Part V: Review
Part VI: OSPF
Chapter 19 Understanding OSPF Concepts
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features
Routing Protocol Functions
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols
Comparing IGPs
IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms
Metrics
Other IGP Comparisons
Administrative Distance
OSPF Concepts and Operation
OSPF Overview
Topology Information and LSAs
Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes
Becoming OSPF Neighbors
The Basics of OSPF Neighbors
Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID
Exchanging the LSDB Between Neighbors
Fully Exchanging LSAs with Neighbors
Maintaining Neighbors and the LSDB
Using Designated Routers on Ethernet Links
Calculating the Best Routes with SPF
OSPF Areas and LSAs
OSPF Areas
How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation Time
(OSPFv2) Link-State Advertisements
Router LSAs Build Most of the Intra-Area Topology
Network LSAs Complete the Intra-Area Topology
Chapter Review
Chapter 20 Implementing OSPF
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Implementing Single-Area OSPFv2
OSPF Single-Area Configuration
Wildcard Matching with the network Command
Verifying OSPF Operation
Verifying OSPF Configuration
Configuring the OSPF Router ID
Implementing Multiarea OSPF
Using OSPFv2 Interface Subcommands
OSPF Interface Configuration Example
Verifying OSPF Interface Configuration
Additional OSPFv2 Features
OSPF Passive Interfaces
OSPF Default Routes
OSPF Metrics (Cost)
Setting the Cost Directly
Setting the Cost Based on Interface and Reference Bandwidth
OSPF Load Balancing
Chapter Review
Chapter 21 OSPF Network Types and Neighbors
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
OSPF Network Types
The OSPF Broadcast Network Type
Verifying Operations with Network Type Broadcast
Configuring to Influence the DR/BDR Election
The OSPF Point-to-Point Network Type
OSPF Neighbor Relationships
OSPF Neighbor Requirements
Issues That Prevent Neighbor Adjacencies
Finding Area Mismatches
Finding Duplicate OSPF Router IDs
Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer Mismatches
Shutting Down the OSPF Process
Issues That Allow Adjacencies but Prevent IP Routes
Mismatched MTU Settings
Mismatched OSPF Network Types
Chapter Review
Part VI: Review
Part VII: IP Version 6
Chapter 22 Fundamentals of IP Version 6
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Introduction to IPv6
The Historical Reasons for IPv6
The IPv6 Protocols
IPv6 Routing
IPv6 Routing Protocols
IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions
Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses
Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses
Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses
Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses
Representing the Prefix Length of an Address
Calculating the IPv6 Prefix (Subnet ID)
Finding the IPv6 Prefix
Working with More-Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths
Chapter Review
Chapter 23 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Global Unicast Addressing Concepts
Public and Private IPv6 Addresses
The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix
Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses
IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses
Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed
The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses
Listing the IPv6 Subnet Identifier
List All IPv6 Subnets
Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology
Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet
Unique Local Unicast Addresses
Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses
The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses
Chapter Review
Chapter 24 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers
Static Unicast Address Configuration
Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address
Enabling IPv6 Routing
Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration
Generating a Unique Interface ID Using Modified EUI-64
Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration
Special Addresses Used by Routers
Link-Local Addresses
Link-Local Address Concepts
Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers
Routing IPv6 with Only Link-Local Addresses on an Interface
IPv6 Multicast Addresses
Reserved Multicast Addresses
Multicast Address Scopes
Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses
Miscellaneous IPv6 Addresses
Anycast Addresses
IPv6 Addressing Configuration Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 25 Implementing IPv6 Routing
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Connected and Local IPv6 Routes
Rules for Connected and Local Routes
Example of Connected IPv6 Routes
Examples of Local IPv6 Routes
Static IPv6 Routes
Static Routes Using the Outgoing Interface
Static Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address
Example Static Route with a Global Unicast Next-Hop Address
Example Static Route with a Link-Local Next-Hop Address
Static Routes over Ethernet Links
Static Default Routes
Static IPv6 Host Routes
Floating Static IPv6 Routes
Troubleshooting Static IPv6 Routes
Troubleshooting Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table
The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol
Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA
Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA
Using SLAAC with NDP RS and RA
Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA
NDP Summary
Chapter Review
Part VII: Review
Part VIII: Wireless LANs
Chapter 26 Fundamentals of Wireless Networks
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Comparing Wired and Wireless Networks
Wireless LAN Topologies
Basic Service Set
Distribution System
Extended Service Set
Independent Basic Service Set
Other Wireless Topologies
Repeater
Workgroup Bridge
Outdoor Bridge
Mesh Network
RF Overview
Wireless Bands and Channels
APs and Wireless Standards
Chapter Review
Chapter 27 Analyzing Cisco Wireless Architectures
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Autonomous AP Architecture
Cloud-based AP Architecture
Split-MAC Architectures
Comparing Wireless LAN Controller Deployments
Cisco AP Modes
Chapter Review
Chapter 28 Securing Wireless Networks
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Anatomy of a Secure Connection
Authentication
Message Privacy
Message Integrity
Wireless Client Authentication Methods
Open Authentication
WEP
802.1x/EAP
LEAP
EAP-FAST
PEAP
EAP-TLS
Wireless Privacy and Integrity Methods
TKIP
CCMP
GCMP
WPA, WPA2, and WPA3
Chapter Review
Chapter 29 Building a Wireless LAN
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Connecting a Cisco AP
Accessing a Cisco WLC
Connecting a Cisco WLC
Using WLC Ports
Using WLC Interfaces
Configuring a WLAN
Step 1. Configure a RADIUS Server
Step 2. Create a Dynamic Interface
Step 3. Create a New WLAN
Configuring WLAN Security
Configuring WLAN QoS
Configuring Advanced WLAN Settings
Finalizing WLAN Configuration
Chapter Review
Part VIII: Review
Part IX: Appendixes
Appendix A: Numeric Reference Tables
Appendix B: CCNA 200-301, Volume 1 Exam Updates
Appendix C: Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K-L
M
N
O
P
Q-R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J-K
L
M
N
O
P
Q-R
S
T
U
V
W-X-Y-Z
Online Appendixes
Appendix D: Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks
Appendix E: Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet Masks
Appendix F: Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing Subnets
Appendix G: Practice for Chapter 22: Fundamentals of IP Version 6
Appendix H: Practice for Chapter 24: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers
Appendix I: Study Planner
Appendix J: Topics from Previous Editions
Appendix K: Analyzing Ethernet LAN Designs
Appendix L: Subnet Design
Appendix M: Practice for Appendix L: Subnet Design
Appendix N: Variable-Length Subnet Masks
Appendix O: Spanning Tree Protocol Implementation
Appendix P: LAN Troubleshooting
Appendix Q: Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Protocols
Appendix R: Exam Topics Cross Reference
Where are the companion content files?