دانلود کتاب Child Development & Education

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(cover)
Frontmatter
About the Authors
Preface
Part 1 Foundations in Child Development
1. Introduction to Child Development
Case Study: Tonya
The Study of Child Development
Origins of the Field
Essential Features of Development
Three Domains of Development
Effects of Context on Development
Nature and Nurture
Universality and Diversity
Qualitative and Quantitative Change
Applying Lessons from Basic Issues in Child Development
Summary
Developmental Periods
Infancy (Birth2 Years)
Early Childhood (26 Years)
Middle Childhood (610 Years)
Early Adolescence (1014 Years)
Late Adolescence (1418 Years)
Summary
Theories of Child Development
Biological Theories
Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
Psychodynamic Theories
Cognitive-Developmental Theories
Cognitive Process Theories
Sociocultural Theories
Developmental Systems Theories
Taking a Strategic Approach to Theory
Summary
From Theory to Practice
Applying Knowledge of Child Development
Strengthening the Commitment
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
2. Research and Assessment
Case Study: Jackˇs Research
Principles of Research
Ethical Protection of Children
The Scientific Method
Research Participants
Summary
Methods of Research
Data-Collection Techniques
Research Designs
Becoming a Thoughtful Consumer of Research
Summary
Assessments at School
Assessments in the Classroom
Listening to What Children Say and Watching What They Do
Conducting Action Research
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
3. Family, Culture, and Society
Case Study: Cedric and Barbara Jennings
Cradles of Child Development
Family
Culture
Society
Addressing Childrenˇs Formative Experiences
Summary
Family Membership
Mothers and Fathers
Divorced Parents
Single Parents
Parents and Stepparents
Extended Family
Adoptive Parents
Adolescent Parents
Gay and Lesbian Parents
Foster Parents
Accommodating Family Diversity and Transitions
Summary
Family Interaction
Familiesˇ Influences on Children
Childrenˇs Influences on Families
Forming Partnerships with Families
Summary
Diversity in Family Life
Families Raising a Child Who Has Special Educational Needs
Military Families
Immigrant Families
Families with an Incarcerated Parent
Maltreatment in Families
Family Income and Economic Poverty
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
Part 2. Biological Development
4. Biological Beginnings
Case Study: Maria
Genetic Foundations
Structure of Genes
Operation of Genes
The Role of Genes in Forming a Child
The Expression of Genetic Traits
Co-Action by Heredity and Environment
Acknowledging Nature and Nurture in Childrenˇs Lives
Summary
Prenatal Development
Phases of Prenatal Growth
Medical Care
When Adolescents Have Babies
Supporting Parents, Protecting Babies
Summary
Birth of the Baby
Preparation for Birth
The Birth Process
Medical Interventions
Enhancing Parentsˇ Sensitivity to Newborn Infants
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
5. Physical Development
Case Study: Project Coach
Physical Development
Principles of Growth
Growth During the Developmental Periods
Summary
Health and Well-Being
Eating Habits
Physical Activity
Rest and Sleep
Health-Compromising Behaviors
Special Physical Needs
Summary
Brain Development
Structures and Functions
Developmental Changes in the Brain
Applications of Research on Brain Development
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
Part 3. Cognitive Development
6. Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky
Case Study: Museum Visit
Piagetˇs Theory
Key Ideas in Piagetˇs Theory
Piagetˇs Stages of Cognitive Development
Current Perspectives Related to Piagetˇs Theory
Key Ideas in Neo-Piagetian Theories
Applying the Ideas of Piaget and His Followers
Summary
Vygotskyˇs Theory
Key Ideas in Vygotskyˇs Theory
Current Perspectives Related to Vygotskyˇs Theory
Applying the Ideas of Vygotsky and His Followers
Summary
Comparing Piagetian and Vygotskian Perspectives
Common Themes
Differences between the Two Theories
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
7. Cognitive Development: Cognitive Processes
Case Study: How the United States Became a Country
Basic Cognitive Processes
Key Ideas in Cognitive Process Theories
Sensation and Perception
Attention
Working Memory and the Central Executive
Long-Term Memory
Reasoning
Facilitating Basic Cognitive Processes
Exceptionalities in Information Processing
Working with Children Who Have Difficulty in Paying Attention and Processing Information
Summary
Metacognition and Cognitive Strategies
Learning Strategies
Problem-Solving Strategies
Metacognitive Awareness
Self-Regulated Learning
Cultural Roots of Metacognition
Promoting Metacognition, Self-Regulation, and Use of Strategies
Summary
Personal Theory Construction
Childrenˇs Theories of the Physical World
Facilitating Childrenˇs Theory Construction
Summary
An Integrative Account of Cognitive Processes
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
8. Intelligence
Case Study: Gina
Theories of Intelligence
Models of Intelligence
Other Perspectives on Intelligence
Practical Insights from Theories of Intelligence
Summary
Measurement of Intelligence
Tests of Intelligence
Intelligence Scores
Validity and Reliability of Intelligence Tests
Dynamic Assessments
Developmental Assessments with Infants and Young Children
Critiques of Intelligence Testing
Educational Implications of Intelligence Testing
Summary
Development of Intelligence
Age-Related Growth in Intelligence
Evidence for Hereditary Influences
Evidence for Environmental Influences
The Fusion of Nature and Nurture
Demographic Factors
Nurturing the Intelligence of All Children
Summary
Exceptionalities in Intelligence
Children with Gifts and Talents
Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
9. Language Development
Case Study: Mario
Theories of Language Development
Modeling and Reinforcement
Nativism
Cognitive Process Theories
Sociocultural Theories
Functionalism
Evaluating Theories of Language Development
Summary
Developmental Trends in Language
Semantic Development
Syntactic Development
Development of Listening Skills
Promoting Listening Comprehension
Development of Speaking Skills
Development of Pragmatics
Development of Metalinguistic Awareness
Summary
Development of a Second Language
Experiences in Learning a Second Language
Teaching a Second Language
Summary
Individuality in Language Development
Gender
Family Income
Ethnicity
Exceptionalities in Language Development
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
10. Development in the Academic Domains
Case Study: Osvaldoˇs Story
Reading and Writing
Emergent Literacy
Letter Recognition and Phonological Awareness
Word Recognition
Reading Comprehension
Reading in a Developmental System
Promoting Reading Development
Writing Development
Writing in a Developmental System
Promoting Writing Development
Summary
Mathematics and Science
Counting
Mathematical Concepts
Mathematical Operations
Integrated Competencies in Mathematics
Mathematics in a Developmental System
Promoting Advancements in Mathematics
Childrenˇs Emerging Scientific Ideas
Facilitating Conceptual Change in Science
Fostering Scientific Reasoning Skills
Science Learning in a Developmental System
Educating Children in Science
Summary
Social Studies and the Arts
Social Studies
Visual Arts
Music
Education in Social Studies and the Arts
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
Part 4. Social and Emotional Development
11. Emotional Development
Case Study: Merv
Eriksonˇs Theory of Psychosocial Development
Lessons Learned from Lifeˇs Challenges
Contemporary Perspectives on Eriksonˇs Theory
Summary
Attachment
The Concept of Attachment
Formation of First Attachments
Attachments after Infancy
Security in Attachment
Attachment in a Developmental System
Multiple Attachments
Attachments with Teachers
Attachment Security at School
Implications of Attachment Research
Summary
Emotion
Emotions Go to School
Developmental Changes in Emotions
Emotions in the Developmental System
Promoting Childrenˇs Emotional Development
Summary
Temperament and Personality
Dimensions to Childrenˇs Personal Characteristics
Helping Children Be Themselves
Summary
Caring for Children with Emotional Problems
Support for Children through Special Education
The Three-Tiered Model of Social-Emotional Learning
Medical Model of Emotional Conditions
Supporting Youngsters with Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
12. Self and Social Understanding
Case Study: Theodore
Sense of Self
Purpose of the Self
Factors Influencing Self-Perceptions
Developmental Trends in the Self
Characteristics of the Self During the Developmental Periods
Self in a Developmental System
Enhancing Childrenˇs Sense of Self
Summary
Social Cognition
Understanding What Others Think
Social Perspective Taking in Action
Social-Cognitive Bias and Prejudice
Social Cognition in a Developmental System
Fostering the Development of Social Cognition
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
13. Self-Regulation and Motivation
Case Study: Making Kites
Self-Regulation
Growth in Self-Regulation
Self-Regulation in a Developmental System
Promoting Self-Regulation
Summary
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Factors Affecting Extrinsic Motivation
Factors Affecting Intrinsic Motivation
Summary
Goals and Explanations
Development of Goals
Achievement Goals
Social Goals
Development of Aspirations
Childrenˇs Explanations for Performance
Motivation in a Developmental System
Summary
Motivating Children at School
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
14. Moral Development
Case Study: Changing the World, One City at a Time
Moral Reasoning
Piagetˇs Theory of Moral Development
Kohlbergˇs Theory of Moral Development
Social Domain Theory of Moral Development
Developmental Trends in Morality
Morality in a Developmental System
Promoting Moral Development
Summary
Prosocial Behavior and Aggression
Development of Prosocial Behavior
Development of Aggression
Prosocial Behavior and Aggression in a Developmental System
Encouraging Children to Act with Compassion and Curb Aggressive Impulses
Creating a Safe and Nurturing School Environment
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
15. Peers, Schools, and Society
Case Study: One Girl, Three High Schools
Peers
Functions of Peer Relationships
Social Skills
Types of Affiliations with Peers
Fostering Productive Peer Relationships
Summary
Schools
The School as a Community
Classroom Processes that Guide Learning and Behavior
Socialization in Schools
Transitions in Schools
Summary
Society
Services for Children and Adolescents
Interactive Technologies
Summary
Practicing for Your Licensure Examination
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index