دانلود کتاب Children’s Work in African Agriculture: The Harmful and the Harmless

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Front Cover\nChildren’s Work in African Agriculture: The Harmful and the Harmless\nCopyright information\nTable of Contents\nList of Figures, Tables and Boxes\nList of Abbreviations\nNotes on Contributors\nAcknowledgements\nForeword\n1 Children’s Work in African Agriculture\n Introduction\n Children’s work in African agriculture: the harmful and the harmless\n Family farming in sub-Saharan Africa: change and continuity\n Children and childhood: evolving perspectives\n Children’s work\n Introduction to the chapters\n Notes\n Acknowledgements\n References\n2 Theorizing ‘Harm’ in Relation to Children’s Work\n Introduction\n The mainstream picture of harm\n Key literatures\n Childhood studies\n Anthropology and sociology\n Human geography\n Political science\n Legal studies\n Economics\n Developmental psychology\n Health\n Towards a re-conceptualization of children’s work and harm\n Notes\n References\n3 Understanding Children’s Harmful Work\n Introduction\n Review of methods\n Quantitative survey methods\n Nationally representative, multi-purpose household surveys\n Child labour surveys\n Impact evaluation surveys\n Small-scale surveys\n Qualitative and participatory methods\n Participant and other types of observation\n Participatory and creative methods\n Interviews\n Certification data\n Audit reports\n Common core indicators\n Outcome and impact evaluations\n Child labour monitoring and remediation systems\n Investigating prevalence, drivers and dynamics, and impact\n Prevalence\n Drivers and dynamics\n Impact\n Impact of child labour on children’s lives\n Impact of interventions on child labour\n Mixed methods design\n Ethics of research with children\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n4 Education and Work\n Introduction\n Aim and scope of the chapter\n Concepts and definitions\n Education for all\n Educational access\n Who’s not in school, and why?\n What is being done about widening access?\n The relationship between education and work\n Education and work in competition\n Schooling and fit with rural lives and livelihoods\n The edu-workscape: learning, labour and harm\n Harm and work in school\n Violence and bullying\n Child work in school\n Learning (gender) work at home\n Learning at work\n Moving forward\n Context\n Childhoods\n Gender\n New research spaces: the edu-workscape\n Notes\n References\n5 Disabled Children and Work\n Introduction\n Structure of the chapter\n A disability primer\n History and changing concepts\n Children with disabilities\n Disability in Africa and a focus on Ghana\n Focusing on Ghana\n Disability, poverty and work\n From segregation to inclusion\n Research about and with disabled children\n Disabled children and work\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n6 Value Chain Governance and Children’s Work in Agriculture\n Introduction\n Value chains\n Value chain governance\n Value chain interventions\n A typology of value chain governance modalities\n Modality 0: self-consumption\n Modality 1: direct exchange\n Modality 2: spot market mediation\n Anonymous spot market transactions\n Spot market with repeated personal interactions\n Modality 3: in-company governance\n In-company governance in public firms\n In-company governance in family-owned firms\n In-company governance in parastatal firms\n Modality 4: collective marketing\n Village-based marketing groups\n Economic farmers organizations\n Modality 5: contract farming\n Informal resource-providing agreements\n Formal resource-providing contracts\n Modality 6: certification schemes\n Field-level certification\n Landscape-level certification\n Modality 7: multistakeholder partnerships\n Norm and standard-setting multistakeholder partnerships\n Action and service-oriented multistakeholder partnerships\n Multistakeholder partnerships for knowledge sharing and learning\n Next steps\n Note\n References\n7 Blurred Definitions and Imprecise Indicators\n Introduction\n The harms and benefits of children’s work\n The behavioural model underpinning social assistance provision\n What is known about social assistance and children’s harmful work\n Impact of social assistance on children’s engagement with work\n Hazardscapes, incentives and policy levers\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n8 Children’s Work in Ghana\n Introduction\n Children’s work in Ghana: a brief introduction\n Regulatory and legislative frameworks\n Key policies and social interventions aimed at preventing and eliminating child labour\n Between a rock and a hard place: child rights and regulation of children’s work\n Traditional socio-cultural constructions of childhood and children’s work\n Defining childhood in context\n ‘Childhood’ influenced by social mores\n Lived experiences of work\n Complementarities, divergences, and tensions around children’s work\n Conclusions\n Notes\n References\n9 Children’s Work in Shallot Production on the Keta Peninsula, South-Eastern Ghana\n Introduction\n The geography and local economy of the Keta Peninsula\n Overview of shallot production\n History\n Production\n Land\n Labour\n The value chain\n Children’s work\n Drivers of children’s work\n Harmful work and the ‘the worst forms of child labour’\n Research directions\n Notes\n References\n10 Children’s Work in West African Cocoa Production\n Introduction\n Ghanaian cocoa production and global incorporation\n Children’s work in cocoa\n Tasks\n Child labour\n Work and school\n The reality is more complex\n Drivers of children’s work\n Discourses and policy\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n11 Children’s Harmful Work in Ghana’s Lake Volta Fishery\n Introduction\n Historical, economic and labour context of the Lake Volta fishery\n Fishing on Lake Volta\n Children’s work in the Lake Volta fishery\n Dominant focus on trafficking\n Prevalence of children’s work\n Organization and terms of children’s work\n Tasks and harm\n Drivers of children’s work in the Lake Volta fishery\n Historical and structural drivers\n Ecological factors\n Household level drivers\n Individual decisions\n Policy, key stakeholders and interventions\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n12 Children’s Work in African Agriculture\n Absolutely not!\n Notes\nIndex