دانلود کتاب Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook

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Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of contributors......Page 9
\nPreface......Page 13
Parental permission and surrogate decision-making......Page 17
Assent and decision-making capacity......Page 18
Balancing children’s, parents’, and caregivers’ goals......Page 19
Conclusions and practical suggestions......Page 20
References......Page 21
Autonomy......Page 23
Parental authority – source and limits......Page 24
Emancipated minor exception......Page 25
Conflicts between adolescents, parents, and clinicians......Page 26
Notes......Page 28
References......Page 29
Discussion of ethical issues......Page 30
Resolution of case and discussion......Page 32
References......Page 33
Summary of emotional, health care, and ethical issues......Page 34
Ethical principles and discussion......Page 35
References......Page 37
Growing pains: of teens and a profession......Page 39
Assessing adolescent capacity: the autonomy paradox......Page 40
Case resolution and conclusion......Page 41
References......Page 42
Introduction of ethical issues......Page 43
A secondary case......Page 44
Refusal by a child and general points of law......Page 45
Resolution of the case......Page 46
References......Page 47
Ethical principles: fidelity and truthfulness......Page 48
Ethics in practice......Page 50
Amanda: working towards a resolution......Page 51
Further reading......Page 52
Discussion of issues......Page 53
Resolution of case......Page 57
References......Page 58
Summary of ethical issues......Page 59
Medical risks and benefits......Page 60
Physician obligations and promoting children’s interests......Page 61
Balancing ethical considerations for non-therapeutic interventions......Page 62
Decision-making process......Page 63
References......Page 64
Ethical principles and discussion......Page 67
Ethical principles and moral obligations......Page 68
Beyond principles and rights: feminist ethics and the ethics of care......Page 69
Professional humility......Page 70
References......Page 71
Case narrative 2: randomized clinical trial, searching to improve long-term quality of life (QOL), chronic pediatric condition......Page 73
The concept of fetus as patient......Page 74
The pregnant woman as decision-maker......Page 75
The interests of the medical team or fetal care center......Page 76
Case resolutions......Page 77
References......Page 78
IVF, multiple gestations, and their risks......Page 79
The ethics of IVF: making choices......Page 80
Conclusions: what is to be done?......Page 82
References......Page 83
Prenatal diagnosis......Page 84
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling......Page 85
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis......Page 86
Fetal DNA in maternal circulation......Page 87
Legal liabilities: wrongful life and wrongful birth......Page 88
A wealth of genetic information......Page 89
Case resolution and summary......Page 90
References......Page 91
Honesty and fairness in considering relevant data......Page 93
Relevant rights and patient’s best interest......Page 94
Practical summary......Page 96
References......Page 97
Withholding and withdrawing therapy in a neonate......Page 99
Parental authority and best interest......Page 101
Conclusion to case......Page 102
References......Page 103
The concept of QOL......Page 105
Self-reporting of QOL in children......Page 106
The “disability paradox”......Page 107
References......Page 108
What are Kim’s chances?......Page 110
Variations of treatment for babies similar to Kim in the industrialized world......Page 111
The value of neonates......Page 112
Neonates in poor countries......Page 113
References......Page 114
Ethical principles and discussion......Page 117
Deciding to forgo life-sustaining therapies......Page 118
Discontinuing medically provided fluids and nutrition (MPFN)......Page 119
Resolution of case and discussion......Page 120
References......Page 121
Defining futility......Page 122
Definitional issues: quantitative or physiologic futility......Page 123
Definitional issues: qualitative futility......Page 124
Implications of abandoning “futility”......Page 125
Case resolution......Page 126
Further reading......Page 127
Types of advance directives......Page 128
Principles for surrogate decision-making......Page 129
DNR orders: the first advance directive?......Page 130
DNR in the home and school......Page 131
Summary and case resolution......Page 132
References......Page 133
Introduction of issues and historical context......Page 134
Diagnosis of death......Page 135
The cultural and societal importance of the diagnosis of death......Page 136
References......Page 137
When a child suffers unbearably......Page 139
Forms of physician-assisted dying......Page 140
PAD for children who lack decisional capacity and who are terminally ill......Page 141
PVS and interests......Page 142
PAD for incompetent children who are not terminally ill and are not in PVS......Page 143
Case resolution......Page 144
References......Page 145
Case narrative......Page 147
Decision-making in newborns with intractable suffering (group III)......Page 148
The creation of the Groningen Protocol......Page 149
International response to the Protocol......Page 150
References......Page 151
Exploring ethically appropriate options and “best interests”......Page 153
Theoretical and practical support for prioritizing symptom control at the end of life......Page 154
Intractable symptoms and “options of last resort”......Page 155
References......Page 156
Discussion of ethical issues in case 1......Page 159
Resolution of case 1......Page 160
Discussion of ethical issues in case 2......Page 161
References......Page 162
The quest for “better”: defining enhancement......Page 164
Ethical analysis......Page 165
Ethical analysis......Page 166
Ethical analysis......Page 167
References......Page 168
Introduction to cochlear implants......Page 170
Discussion of the issues......Page 171
Ethical principles: beneficence and nonmaleficence......Page 172
Legal cases......Page 173
Resolution of case and discussion......Page 174
References......Page 175
Case narrative 2......Page 176
Ethical principles in context......Page 177
Informed consent......Page 178
Summary......Page 179
References......Page 180
Definitions: sterilization and cognitive disability......Page 182
Principle-based analysis of requests for sterilization......Page 183
The goals of requests for sterilization......Page 184
Sterilization of male minors with cognitive disabilities......Page 185
Relative risk and assessment of medical burdens and benefits......Page 186
Oversight and procedural justice......Page 187
References......Page 188
Ethical issues and analysis......Page 190
Futility......Page 191
Negotiating parent and provider disagreements......Page 192
Resource scarcity......Page 193
Suggestions and recommendations......Page 194
References......Page 195
Newborn screening......Page 197
Key points......Page 200
References......Page 201
Supplemental oxygen for respiratory distress in newborns......Page 202
The development of mechanical ventilation......Page 203
The development of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)......Page 204
Antenatal steroids and screening for group B streptococcus......Page 205
Debates continue: hypothermia for hypoxic brain injury......Page 206
References......Page 207
Overview of ethical issues......Page 210
Generalizable and useful data......Page 211
Properly informing research participants......Page 212
References......Page 213
Introduction......Page 215
Instrumental value criteria......Page 216
Treating persons equally......Page 217
Summary and case resolution......Page 218
References......Page 219
Ethical principles and discussion......Page 221
Practical summary......Page 224
Case resolution and discussion......Page 225
Case narrative......Page 227
Discussion of ethical issues......Page 228
References......Page 230
Industry marketing practices and the physician......Page 231
Physicians, industry, and conflicts of interest......Page 233
Conclusion and suggestions......Page 234
References......Page 235
Patient participation in medical education......Page 237
Risks......Page 238
Actual or implied consent......Page 239
Case resolution......Page 240
References......Page 241
Providing medical care to one’s children and the children of close relatives and friends......Page 242
Intimate relationships with patients and family members of patients......Page 243
Gifts from patients and their families......Page 244
Political and policy issues in the office......Page 245
References......Page 246
Identifying incompetent or unethical behavior......Page 247
Ethical considerations......Page 248
Case resolution and discussion......Page 249
References......Page 250
Requesting an ethics consultation......Page 251
The process of ethics consultation......Page 252
Steps to resolution of Zelda’s case......Page 253
Ethics committees......Page 254
References......Page 255
Index......Page 256