دانلود کتاب Clinical ophthalmic oncology. Retinal tumors

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Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1: Classification of Retinal and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tumors
Introduction
Tumors of the Retina
Tumors of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Conclusion
References
2: Coats’ Disease
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Evaluation
Associations
Ophthalmic
Systemic
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Observation
Laser Photocoagulation
Cryotherapy
Intravitreal Therapy
Surgical Drainage
Vitreoretinal Techniques
Supportive Care
Follow-Up
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
3: Retinal Vascular Tumors
Retinal Capillary Hemangioma
Introduction
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Box 3.1 Salient Diagnostic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment of Retinal Capillary Hemangioma
Observation
Laser Photocoagulation
Cryotherapy
Photodynamic Therapy
Radiotherapy
Anti-VEGF Therapy
Vitreoretinal Procedures
Association with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Prognosis
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Retina
Introduction
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Box 3.2 Salient Diagnostic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment of Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma
Association with CNS Hemangioma
Prognosis
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome
Introduction
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Box 3.3 Salient Diagnostic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment of Retinal Arteriovenous Communications
Association with Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
Prognosis
Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor
Introduction
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Box 3.4 Salient Diagnostic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment of Vasoproliferative Tumors
Observation
Cryotherapy
Plaque Brachytherapy
Photothrombotic and Photodynamic Therapy
Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy and Dexamethasone Implants
Association with Vasoproliferative Tumors
Prognosis
References
4: Retinal Astrocytic Tumors
Introduction
Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Box 4.1 Salient Diagnostic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment of Astrocytic Hamartoma
Association with Tuberous Sclerosis
Prognosis
Box 4.2 Clinical Features of Retinal Astrocytic Tumors
Acquired Astrocytoma
References
5: Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tumors
Congenital Hypertrophy of the RPE (CHRPE)
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Congenital Grouped Pigmentation of the RPE
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Pigmented Ocular Fundus Lesions of Gardner Syndrome
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Associations
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Gardner Syndrome)
Turcot Syndrome
Microcephaly
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Simple Hamartoma of the RPE
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the RPE
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and RPE
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Association
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
References
6: Tumors of the Ciliary Epithelium
Introduction
Anatomy
Classification
Congenital Tumors of Ciliary Epithelium
Glioneuroma
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Medulloepithelioma
Clinical Features
Box 6.1 Diagnostic Features of Medulloepithelioma
Pathology
Management
Pleuropulmonary Blastoma
Acquired Tumors of the Ciliary Epithelium
Pseudoadenomatous Hyperplasia (Reactive Proliferation)
Age-Related Hyperplasia (Fuchs’ or Coronal Adenoma)
Reactive Hyperplasia
Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Ciliary Epithelium
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Summary
References
7: Primary Central Nervous System and Retinal Lymphoma
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Epidemiology
Symptoms
Ophthalmic
Central Nervous System
Clinical Features
Ophthalmic
Central Nervous System
Diagnostic Evaluation
Ophthalmic
Central Nervous System
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Ophthalmic Treatment
Local Therapy for VRL
Systemic Therapy for VRL and Risk of Subsequent CNS Disease
Box 7.1 Salient features of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Central Nervous System
Prognosis
Summary
References
8: Retinal Metastatic Tumors
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment (Surgical, Chemotherapy, and Radiotherapy)
Prognosis
Conclusions
References
9: Neuro-oculocutaneous Syndromes (Phakomatoses)
Box 9.1 Characteristic Features of the Phakomatoses
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Café-au-Lait Macules
Neurofibroma
Lisch Nodules
Optic Nerve Glioma
Glaucoma
Other Malignancies
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2)
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Vestibular Schwannoma
Ophthalmic Findings
Box 9.2 Characteristic Ocular Abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis 2
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Retinal Capillary Hemangioma
Central Nervous System Hemangioma
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
Other Cancers
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma
Brain and Neurological Manifestations
Skin Manifestations
Visceral Manifestations
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Glaucoma
Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma
Leptomeningeal Hemangiomatosis
Nevus Flammeus
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Sebaceous Nevus Syndrome
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Cutaneous Features
Ophthalmic Features
Neurological Features
Other Manifestations
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Introduction
Genetic Aspects
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Cerebellar Ataxia
Telangiectasia
Other Manifestations
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Neurocutaneous Melanosis
Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis
Intracranial Cavernous Angiomas (Cavernomas)
References
10: Ocular Paraneoplastic Diseases
Introduction
Cancer-Associated Retinopathy
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Paraneoplastic Vitelliform Retinopathy
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Prognosis
Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (Paraneoplastic Melanocytic Proliferation)
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathies
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnostic Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Opsoclonus and Paraneoplastic Eye Movement Disorders
References
Index