دانلود کتاب College Research Papers For Dummies

فهرست مطالب :

Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond This Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1 Laying a Foundation for Writing a Research Paper
Chapter 1 Understanding Expectations: College Research Papers
Looking Closer: The What and Why of College Research Papers
Recognizing what they’re all about
Realizing why research papers matter
Examining first-year college research papers
Classifying research writing skills
Searching from your strengths
Writing research papers across disciplines
Excelling at writing research papers
Applying Research Mindset: Way to A
Fulfilling Professors’ Expectations
Professors’ research requirements
Undergraduate mentored research
Building Career Assets: Forever Research Skills
Chapter 2 Certifying Consistency: Documentation Styles
What and Why: Documentation Styles and Academic Standards
Certifying Sources: Documentation Styles
Surveying Documentation Styles: APA, MLA, and CMOS
American Psychological Association (APA)
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS)
Your professor’s style
Your preferred style
Differentiating between the East and West When Documenting
Grasping cultural differences in writing
Research-writing tips for nonnative English students
Debunking Documentation Style Myths: The Whole Truth
Documentation styles are for nerds
My sources are accurate: I don’t need a documentation style
My professor doesn’t talk about a documentation style
My combination of documentation styles worked in the past
Chapter 3 Preventing Plagiarism: Endorsing Academic Integrity
Defining Academic Integrity: A Win-Win Approach
Colliding integrity and plagiarism
Discovering your university’s policy
Uncovering recent online plagiarism trends
Reviewing Forms of Academic Dishonesty: It’s on You
Recognizing why students cheat
Identifying variations of academic misconduct
Looking closer at artificial intelligence
Knowing life-altering consequences of plagiarism
Celebrity consequences
Consequences for honest students
Interpreting plagiarism in your syllabus
Avoiding Plagiarism in Six Easy Steps
Step 1: Plan and organize
Step 2: Cite as you search and write
Step 3: Master documentation basics
Step 4: Use reliable sources
Step 5: Personalize models
Step 6: Dedicate a revision to documentation
Avoiding the worst kinds of plagiarism
How professors protect academic integrity
Frequently Asked Questions About Plagiarism: Final Answers
Is it that big of a problem?
Isn’t it similar to high school plagiarism?
Can I be safe and cite everything?
May I plead ignorance?
What if I’m accused?
Did I cheat?
Was I wrongfully accused?
Did I inadvertently plagiarize?
Chapter 4 Fulfilling Requirements: Research Papers and Portfolios
Taking a Closer Look at Portfolios
Understanding the ins and outs of portfolios
Identifying the advantages and challenges of portfolios
Assembling Your Portfolio: Completing Requirements
The reflective statement
Artifacts requirements
Portfolio content
Formatting requirements
Title page
Table of contents
References
Appendices
Presenting your portfolio
Preparing an e-portfolio
Reaching Portfolio Success: Step by Step
Step 1: Analyze the requirements
Step 2: Identify any deliverables
Step 3: Develop the requirements
Step 4: Create organizational headings
Step 5: Outline your reflective statement
Preparing for Career Portfolios: Future Investments
Part 2 Building Essentials of Research
Chapter 5 Managing Information: Gathering and Organizing Sources
Identifying What Makes a Good Topic
Recognizing topic elements
Generating topic ideas
Avoiding topic pitfalls
Creating a Thesis Statement
Focusing your thesis on a problem within the topic
Writing a thesis: The how-to
Drafting a research paper thesis in five easy steps
Developing Research Questions
Fulfilling your research question purpose
Writing successful research questions
Searching and Discovering: Sourcing Your Paper’s Success
Identifying types of sources
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Tertiary sources
Using high-yield research resources
Liking your college library
Connecting with reference librarians
Capitalizing on academic databases
Positioning academic search engines
Strategic searching: Tips for better search terms
Researching College Papers in Five Easy Steps
Step 1: Focus on the research question and subquestions
Step 2: Meet with a reference librarian
Step 3: Search strategically
Step 4: Categorize and process sources
Step 5: Identify counter-evidence for rebuttal
Finessing Sources: Making Arrangements
Identifying an organization problem
Handling your research
Using source management tools
Chapter 6 Evaluating and Preparing Sources
Figuring Out Acceptable Sources: Earning Credibility
Evaluating sources
Avoiding sources displeasing to professors
Reckoning with Wikipedia
Uncovering Stones: Foundations of Evidence
Reading for determining evidence
Annotating sources
Recognizing the advantages of annotating
Annotating: The how-to
Designing annotation and notetaking abbreviations
Notetaking from sources
Understanding the importance of notetaking
Taking notes: The how-to
Turning sources to evidence
Knowing your options when notetaking
Converting Sources: Supporting Assertions
Paraphrasing
Using paraphrasing: When to
Creating a paraphrase: The how-to
Avoiding patchwriting when paraphrasing
Summarizing
Quoting
Using visual and statistical data
Becoming Controversial: Engaging with Sources
Author and source
Author, source, and source
Source, source, and source
Sending Out Signals: Phrases Identifying Source Intentions
Stepping Up Search Strategies: Beyond First-Year Research
Extracting from higher authorities
Reviews of literature
Thesis
Dissertations
Creating original research
Surveys
Observations
Interviews
Chapter 7 Going on the Offensive: From Evidence to Argument
Scholars Scuffling: Analyzing Argument
Defining argument
Identifying parts of an argument
Making your argument scholarly
Pleasing professors with your arguments
Connects beyond the thesis
Fulfills expectations
Building Your Compelling Argument in Six Easy-to-Follow Steps
Step 1: Clarify your position
Step 2: Research the issue
Step 3: Apply your supporting evidence
Step 4: Argue academically
Step 5: Address counter evidence
Step 6: Draw conclusions and offer insights
Counter-Punching: The Rebuttal
Approaching Argument Logically: Busting Fallacies
Debunking Myths about Argument
My goal is to convince my professors of my position
I can earn good grades with a middle-of-the road approach
I should argue topics I personally like
I’ll never write a research paper in my career
I earned a 5 on my AP Lit test: No sweat
Chapter 8 Citing Sources and Finalizing Recognition
Recognizing the Why of Documentation: Scholarly Way or Highway
Surveying documentation styles
Focusing on the similarities
Surveying Citations in Three Styles: APA, MLA, and Chicago
APA citations
MLA
Chicago citations
Author page
Notes and bibliography
Citation similarities and differences
Identifying What Needs Documenting: Crediting Sources
Summary and paraphrase
Quotations
Sentence quotations
Partial quotations
Block quotations
Analysis and synthesize
Statistical data within source content
Terms specific to a source or field
Photos, Internet images, and art
Legal references
Controversial information
Personal communications
No-Fault Citing? Looking Closer at Citation Generators
Identifying the pros and cons
Using a generator: Necessary cautions
Understanding Common Knowledge
Finding Freebies from the Public Domain
Finalizing Sources: List of References
Sample APA entries: References
Book
Journal article
Blog
Webpage on a website
Instagram highlight
Sample MLA entries: Works cited
Book
Online journal article
Blog
Encyclopedia reference
Newspaper
Sample Chicago entries: Bibliography
Book
Book chapter
Journal article
Newspaper article
Website
Annotating bibliographies
Recognizing the variations of annotated bibliographies
Formatting annotated bibliographies
FAQs about Citing
Do professors look up every source?
Can’t I just “supercite?”
How do I know if I have a plagiarism-police professor?
How do I start learning a documentation style?
Do professors scrutinize reference errors in punctuation, italics, and formatting?
Chapter 9 Classifying College Research Writing
Identifying Research Categories: Assignment Structures
Analysis and synthesis: Difference makers
Analysis
Synthesis
Problem-solving
Cause and effect
Comparison and contrast
Expository
Persuasive
Structuring Research-Assignment Packages: Submission Forms
Reports
Essays
Reaction papers
Structuring Research Papers across Disciplines
Literature
Business
Political science
Art history
Education
Advancing Research Projects: Higher Level Learning
Reviews of literature
Reviews of journal articles
Journal article comparison
White papers
Assignment proposals
Part 3 Developing Essentials of Research Writing
Chapter 10 Identifying Audience and Purpose
Figuring Out Who Your Audience Is
Gauging academic audience expectations
Identifying your research audience
Identifying secondary audiences
Addressing professor-as-audience expectations
Recognizing unnamed audience expectations
Matching Tone, Tense, and Person to Your Audience
Tone: Showing attitude
Giving your audience what they demand — an academic tone
Identifying some examples of tone to avoid
Tense: Time frames things happen
Knowing the names of tenses used in research
Understanding how the APA handles tense
Glancing at how MLA and Chicago deal with tense
Person: Gauging who’s speaking
First person
Second person
Third person
Showing Awareness: General Guidelines for Respectful Language
Preferring people-first language
Using gender-neutral inclusive pronouns
Respecting race and ethnicity
Honoring age references
Being inclusive with sexual orientation and gender identity
Using best-scenario socioeconomic references
Justifying Why: Figuring Out Your Writing Purpose
Assignment purposes
Professor-pleasing purposes
Unspoken purposes
Professor unspoken purpose
Readers’ unspoken purpose
Writer’s unspoken purpose
Chapter 11 Writing with Style
Showing What’s Happening: Verbs and Nouns
Keeping your verbs active
Differentiating active and passive verbs
Knowing when to use active voice
Recognizing when to use passive voice
Using show-don’t-tell verbs
Disclosing hidden verbs
Utilizing specific nouns
Varying Sentence Patterns: Mashing Words
Focusing on sentence length
Steering clear of sentence length problems
Creating length variation
Branching variety
To the right
To the left
In the middle
Going for grammatical variety
Sentence forms
Sentences purposes
Striving for structural variety
Varying Word Patterns: Letter Power
Recognizing research words
Utilizing sensory words
Including content words
Identifying cautious words
Building Better Paragraphs: Idea Placeholders
Topic sentences
Supporting evidence
Concluding sentences
Connecting sentences
Balancing Elements: Parallel Structure
Organizing Writing: Transitions and Flow
Chapter 12 Reviewing Fundamentals: Grammar and Conventions
Following Rules of Language: Grammar and Usage
Considering verb variations: Parting ways
Principal parts of regular verbs
Principal parts of irregular verbs
Ensuring pronouns agree: Compatibility
Positioning description: Location, location
Using conjunctions: Connecting here to there
Coordinating
Correlative
Subordinating
Solving relating pronoun problems
Creating Sentence Cadence: Punctuation
Commas: Taking short breaths
Colons and semicolons: Taking deeper breaths
Colons
Semicolons
Dashes and slashes: Interrupting politely
Dashes
Slashes
Ellipsis, parentheses, and brackets: Separating silently
Ellipsis
Parentheses
Brackets
Seeking Attention: Italicizing
Italics: Making unique appearances
Numbers: Figuring out uses
Quotation marks: Calling out words
Perfecting Appearance: Spelling
Capitalization: Avoiding capital offenses
Familiar capitalization rules
Capitalization highlights from major styles
Possessives and apostrophes: Owning up
Singular and plural possessives
Hyphenation: Identifying connections
Abbreviations: Keeping it brief
Spelling strategies: Finding what’s wrong
Chapter 13 Focusing on Appearance: Formatting
Formatting Text Appearance: Letter Perfect
General text-formatting guidelines
Text formatting unique to MLA and Chicago
Formatting Pages: First Impressions
Formatting title pages
Formatting title page elements
Recognizing APA title page elements
Creating research titles: With subtitles
Avoiding title catastrophes
Formatting the first text page
APA first page of text
MLA first page of text
Chicago first page of text
Formatting heading levels
Listing similar information
Creating bulleted lists
Creating sequential lists of similar information
Using graphic organizers in research
Punctuating lists
Dealing with figures and tables
Formatting Research Sections: Big Picture
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Formatting lists of sources
General formatting for sources
APA guidelines for sources
MLA guidelines for sources
Chicago guidelines for sources
Formatting section sequences
Avoiding Common Formatting Errors
Merging documentation styles
Varying font sizes
Introducing justification issues
Creating optical illusions
Part 4 Writing Research Papers
Chapter 14 Planning and Organizing Research Writing
Early-Bird Planning: Preliminary Priorities
Outlining: Making your blueprint
Mastering your documentation style
Framing your assignment type
Recognizing available support
Assembling peer feedback teams
Managing time
Committing to the project
Believing in yourself
Prioritizing tasks
Establishing successful habits
Setting realistic expectations
Developing flexibility
Practicing self-care
Envisioning success
Answering the Asks: Analyzing Assignments
Adapting an assignment mindset
Committing to time requirements
Immersing yourself as a reader and researcher
Immersing yourself as a writer
Unconfusing yourself
Interrogating your assignment
Why is this project assigned now?
What’s the significance of the assignment title?
What does the assignment reveal about professor expectations?
What does the assignment reveal about the type of evidence required?
What does the assignment say not to do?
Identifying what, why, and when
Identifying deliverables
Identifying audience
Answering the major ask
Professors’ research expectations
Coordinating rubric requirements
Populating Pieces: Major Sections of Assignments
Introducing the problem
Body-building evidence and rebuttal
Developing a conclusion
Calling for Backup: Priorities and Contingencies
Technology
Writing resources
Documentation resources
Chapter 15 Creating Draft One
Awakening Inspiration: Rituals and Environment
Warming writing senses
Writing rituals
Writing locations
Time frames
Exorcizing excuses: Stress and delays
De-stressing and defeating delays
Detouring delays
Preventing perfectionism
Writing the First Draft: The How-To
Generating ideas: Prewriting
Creating the first draft in five easy steps
Step 1: Prepare yourself and your research
Step 2: Review your notes and outline
Step 3: Write the evidence paragraphs first
Step 4: Write the conclusion second
Step 5: Write the introduction last
Thinking critically
Modeling Major Sections: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Honoring Olden Rules: Ethics and Objectivity
Ethics and college writing
Using objective language
Balancing objectivity with subjectivity
Chapter 16 Identifying Required and Optional Headings
Finalizing Required Front Headings: Attention Grab
Title page
Table of contents
Introduction
Statement of the problem
Review of previous research
Limitations of the study
Determining Optional Front Headings: Ready Reserves
Abstract or executive summary
Abstract
Executive summary
Methods
List of figures
Completing Optional Middle Headings: Body Parts
Middle-content subheadings
Rebuttal subheadings
Fulfilling Final Options: Rear Views
Conclusion subheadings
Implications beyond classroom
Topics for future study
Annotated bibliography
Appendixes
Tables and figures
Glossary
Footnotes and endnotes
Chapter 17 Revising and Editing in Three Layers
Comparing Editing and Revising
Answering Revision’s Why: Grade Changers
Why revising makes a difference
Why your writing needs revising
Why many students dislike revising
Why your professor likes revising
Benefiting from Partnerships: Feedback and Revising Loops
Giving and receiving feedback
Giving
Receiving
Receiving professor feedback
Identifying the importance of self-feedback
Evaluating the Organizational Layer: Structural Elements
Revising structural elements
Review structural framework
Review assignment requirements
Review topic selection
Review audience and purpose
Review paragraph flow and coherence
Review style
Revising research elements
Review introduction, body, and conclusion
Review argument and evidence
Review documentation
Review formatting
Rethinking the Paragraph and Sentence Layer: Point Makers
Revising paragraphs
Review topic sentence integrity
Paragraph development
Revising sentences
Revise sentence structures
Revise sentences starters
Revise spoken-language wordiness
Revisiting the Word Layer: Choosing Wisely
Emphasizing action verbs
Selecting specific nouns
Avoiding redundancies
Reducing wordy phrases and clauses
Avoiding cliches
Revising overused and unnecessary words
Planning your revising
Eagle-Eying Your Editing: Reaching New Heights
Chapter 18 Finalizing before Sending: Checking the Presentation
Avoiding Crash Carts: Your Grades’ Golden 60 Minutes
Positioning parts in their place
Styling for success
Checking Them Twice: Deliverables
Wrapping Up: Finalizing Hello and Goodbye
Making a first impression: Introduction
Leaving a lasting impression: Conclusion
Formatting Firsts and Lasts: Titles through Reference Page
Minding Your Middle: Finalizing Evidence
Arguing your case
Engaging with sources
Asking What’s Missing: Last Call
Final documentation reminders
Final editing reminders
Final submission reminders
Publishing and Presenting: Wider Audiences
Student publication opportunities
Student presentation opportunities
Reflecting Future Gains: Post-writing
Writing
Revising
Researching and documenting
Part 5 The Part of Tens
Chapter 19 Ten Common Problems and How to Fix Them
Missing Assignment Details
Failing to Follow the Rubric
Neglecting to Tie the Thesis to the Evidence
Transgressing with Your Research Questions
Lacking Research Paper Value
Fearing Where to Begin
Messing Up Your Citations
Deserting an Academic Writing Style
Failing to Plan Accordingly
Screwing Up Styles
Chapter 20 Ten Resources for Improving Research Writing
Professors
Other Courses
Chair of Your Major
Lectures and Events on Campus
Campus Organizations
Writing Center
Career Center
Travels Abroad
Suggested Campus Innovation
Extended Campus Community
Index
EULA