دانلود کتاب Commerce and Government considered in their mutual Relationship

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Half Title Page, p. i......Page 1
Frontispiece, p. ii......Page 2
Full Title Page, p. iii......Page 3
Copyright Page, p. iv......Page 4
Contents, p. v......Page 5
Preface, p. vii......Page 7
The Life and Contribution to Economics of the Abbé de Condillac, p. 1......Page 9
1 Étienne Bonnot, Abbé de Condillac, 1714-1780, p. 3......Page 11
2 The Economics of the Abbé de Condillac, p. 35......Page 43
3 The Editions of Commerce and Government, p. 76......Page 84
Annex: A Note on French Currency, Monetary Values, and Weights and Measures, p. 81......Page 89
Commerce and Government, p. 85......Page 93
Frontispiece, p. 86......Page 94
Commerce and Government , p. 87......Page 95
Table of the Chapters Contained in this Volume , p. 89......Page 97
The Aim of this Work, p. 93......Page 101
First Part: Elementary Propositions on Commerce, Determined According to the Assumptions or Principles of Economic Science, p. 95......Page 103
1 The Basis of the Value of Things, p. 97......Page 105
2 The Basis of the Price of Things, p. 106......Page 114
3 Of Price Variations, p. 109......Page 117
4 Of Markets or Places Where Those Who Need to Make Exchanges Congregate, p. 111......Page 119
5 What Is Meant by Trade, p. 114......Page 122
6 How Trade Increases the Mass of Wealth, p. 119......Page 127
7 How Needs, in Multiplying, Give Birth to the Arts, and How the Arts Increase the Mass of Wealth, p. 123......Page 131
8 Of Wages, p. 126......Page 134
9 Of Wealth from Land and Movable Wealth, p. 128......Page 136
10 Through What Types of Labour Wealth Is Produced, Distributed and Preserved, p.132......Page 140
11 The Origin of Towns, p. 135......Page 143
12 Of the Right of Ownership, p. 138......Page 146
13 Of Metals Considered as Merchandise, p.141......Page 149
14 Of metals considered as coinage, p. 144......Page 152
15 That Silver, Used as a Measure of Value, Has Brought Misunderstanding About the Value of Things, p. 149......Page 157
16 Of the Circulation of Money, p. 153......Page 161
17 Of Exchange, p. 159......Page 167
18 Of Lending at Interest, p. 170......Page 178
19 Of the Comparative Value of the Metals from Which Coins Are Made, 178......Page 186
20 Of the True Price of Things, p. 181......Page 189
21 Of Monopoly, p. 189......Page 197
22 Of the Circulation of Grain, p. 192......Page 200
23 Corn Considered as a Measure of Value, p. 198......Page 206
24 How Production Regulates Itself According to Consumption, p. 201......Page 209
25 Of the Use of Land, p. 205......Page 213
26 Of the Employment of Men in a Society Which Has Simple Tastes, p. 210......Page 218
27 Of Luxury, p. 215......Page 223
28 Of Taxation, the Source of Public Income, p. 220......Page 228
29 Of the Respective Wealth of Nations, p. 225......Page 233
30 A Concise Recapitulation of the First Part, p. 232......Page 240
Second Part: Commerce and Government Considered in Relation to Each Other Following Some Assumptions, p. 237......Page 245
1 The Distribution of Wealth, When Trade Enjoys Complete and Permanent Freedom, p. 241......Page 249
2 The Circulation of Wealth When Trade Enjoys Complete Freedom, p. 258......Page 258
3 The Simple Ways of an Isolated Nation Within Which Trade Enjoys Complete Freedom, p. 255......Page 263
4 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Wars, p. 257......Page 265
5 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Customs Dues, Tolls, p. 259......Page 267
6 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Taxes on Industry, p. 261......Page 269
7 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Privileged and Exclusive Companies, p. 265......Page 273
8 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Taxes on Consumption, p. 268......Page 276
9 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Variation in Coinage, p. 272......Page 280
10 Blows Directed Against Commerce: The Exploitation of Mines, p. 277......Page 285
11 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Every Type of Government Borrowing, p. 279......Page 287
12 Blows Directed Against Commerce: The Policing of Grain Import and Export, p. 284......Page 292
13 Blows Directed Against Commerce: The Policing of the Internal Circulation of Grain, p. 290......Page 298
14 Blows Directed Against Commerce: The Manoeuvres of Monopolists, p. 295......Page 303
15 Blows Directed Against Commerce: Obstacles to the Circulation of Grain, When the Government Wishes to Restore to Trade the Freedom It Took from It, p. 298......Page 306
16 Blows Directed Against Commerce: The Luxury of a Great Capital City, p. 302......Page 310
17 Blows Directed Against Commerce: The Rivalry of Nations, p. 306......Page 314
18 Blows Directed Against Commerce: How Traders' Speculations Have as Their Outcome the Ruin of Trade, p. 320......Page 328
19 Conclusion of the First Two Parts, p. 326......Page 334
Bibliography, p. 329......Page 337
Index, p. 337......Page 345
Colophon, p. 352......Page 360