دانلود کتاب Competing Comparative Constructions in Europe

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Preface and Acknowledgments\nAbbreviations\n1 Introduction\n2 Basics\n 2.1 Our starter kit: possible vs. realized types\n 2.2 Diversity and variation\n 2.3 Secondary options/multiple options\n3 Areal distribution\n4 Language contact\n5 Contemporary Europe\n 5.1 Distribution: the genetic perspective\n 5.1.1 Germanic\n 5.1.1.1 Glimpses of the dichotomy of analytic vs. synthetic DEGREE marking in Germanic\n 5.1.1.2 High-contact varieties vs. low-contact variety: Cymbrian/Yiddish vs. Icelandic\n 5.1.2 Romance\n 5.1.2.1 The que/di-divide\n 5.1.2.2 In the Balkans\n 5.1.3 Slavic\n 5.1.3.1 Back to the Balkans\n 5.1.3.2 Multitudes of constructions\n 5.1.4 Sundry Indo-European languages\n 5.1.4.1 Baltic and Celtic issues\n 5.1.4.2 Unitary vs. multiple options\n 5.1.4.3 Optional DEGREE marking\n 5.1.5 Indo-European languages of Europe: intermediate results\n 5.1.6 Non-Indo-European languages\n 5.1.6.1 Competition of schemata\n 5.1.6.2 Beyond Harry Potter\n 5.1.6.3 Uralic\n 5.1.6.4 Kalmyk and Greenlandic\n 5.1.7 Non-Indo-European languages of Europe: intermediate results\n 5.1.8 Indo-European vs. non-Indo-European languages\n 5.2 Division of labor\n 5.2.1 TIES and STANDARDS\n 5.2.1.1 The equative-pro-COI construction\n 5.2.1.2 The quantitative side of variation\n 5.2.1.3 Qualities\n 5.2.1.4 South Slavic languages\n 5.2.1.5 Albanian and Romance\n 5.2.1.6 Crosscheck\n 5.2.1.7 Group I: case inflection vs. conjunction\n 5.2.1.8 Group II: adposition vs. conjunction\n 5.2.1.9 Ukrainian: a plethora of constructions\n 5.2.1.10 Slovak: conjunction vs. conjunction (and some prepositional TIES)\n 5.2.1.11 Where Harry Potter keeps silent about COI constructions\n 5.2.1.12 On the differential behavior of B2 and B3\n 5.2.1.13 Conclusions on TIE-variation\n 5.2.2 DEGREE marking\n 5.3 Geography\n 5.3.1 The equative-pro-COI isogloss\n 5.3.2 Event schemata\n 5.3.3 DEGREE marking in areal perspective\n 5.3.4 The internal geolinguistics of Europe\n 5.3.5 HintermHorizont geht’s weiter\n6 Change and contact\n 6.1 Linguistic antiquity outside Europe\n 6.2 Europe in days gone by\n 6.3 Motives for change\n 6.3.1 Likely and unlikely chronologies\n 6.3.2 Towards an explanation\n7 Some answers and yet more questions\nAppendix\n A: Sample sentences taken from source text HP I English\n B: Sample sentences taken from source text LPP French\n C1:Germanic phylum\n C2: Romance phylum\n C3: Slavic phylum\n C4: Sundry Indo-European languages\n C5:Non-Indo-European languages\n D: Equative vs. comparative inequality\n E: Primary vs. secondary/tertiary options in HP I\n F: Translation strategies in sample languages which supposedly only have one COI construction\n G: TIE-marker differences in the translations of B1–B5\n H: Non-European control sample\n I: Extinct non-European languages and old stages of non-European languages\n J: Extinct European languages and older stages of European languages\n K: Maps\nSources\nReferences\nIndex of authors\nIndex of languages\nIndex of subjects