دانلود کتاب Complexity in Health Care: A Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice

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Foreword
Preface
Premise of This Book
Contents
Part I: .
1: Guiding Principles
Introduction
The Origin of New Ideas in Clinical Practice
Inspiration for This Book
Clinical Complexity
References
Part II: The Clinical Situation
2: The “Clinical Situation”: An Introduction to Its Structure and Complexity
Introduction
Clinical Situations “Up Close”
Case Managers
Our Publications and Research on Clinical Complexity
Our Definition of Clinical Complexity
Reference
Further Reading:
Our Publications on Patient Complexity
3: Variables
Introduction
Variables Constituting the Clinical Field
The Clinical Field: Its Structure
Types of Variables
Abstract Variables
The Process of Moving from the Abstract to the Concrete
Summary
References
Further Reading
The Complexity of Clinical Judgment
The Following Readings Illustrate the Variety of Uses of the Concept “Clinical Complexity”
Part III: Technical Considerations
4: Technical Principles of the Paradigm Shift We Adopt
Introduction
Science, Measurement, and Statistics
Science
Empirical
Measurement
Measurement and Operational Definitions
Intelligence
Reliability
Inter-Judge Reliability
Validity
Control
Null Hypothesis
Falsifiability
Replication
Important Statistical Methods
Factor Analysis
ROC Curves
Meta-Analysis
Multiple Correlation
Path Analysis (also see Chapters 46 and 47)
Direct and Indirect Effects in Path Analysis [18]
Structural Equation Modeling
General Theoretical Modeling
Moderation and Mediation: [21]
Summary
References
Part IV: Nature vs Nurture and the Epigenome
5: Nature-Nurture and the Epigenome
Introduction
Methylation [4]
Acetylation [5]
Noteworthy Environmental-Epigenome Interactions
Psychiatry and Psychology
Medicine
Summary
References
6: Awe
Introduction
Piaget, Accommodation and Awe
Neuroscience and Awe (See Takano and Nomura [7])
Physiology and Awe
Interpersonal Awe
Summary
References
7: Clinical Decision-Making
Daniel Kahneman and Decision-Making
Some Potential Errors in Clinical Accuracy when Type 1 Processing Dominates [4]
Formal Training for Improved Accuracy
Summary
References
Part V: Further Technical Considerations
8: Introduction to Clinical Complexity
Introduction
Biological Complexity
Resolution
Summary
9: Our Clinical Model, The Place of Underrepresented Factors
Introduction
Clinical Illustration: Erin
The Problem of Simplification
Tracking Variables
Summary
References
10: The Complexity of the Clinical “Field” Illustrated
Introduction
Clinical Illustration #1: A Woman with Chronic Schizophrenia, Complexity Based on Clinical Diagnosis (Jasmine)
Clinical Illustration #2: A Diabetic Patient (Beth), Complexity Introduced by Discrepancy Between Patient’s and Clinician’s Professional “Cultures”
Clinical Illustration #3: Complexity with Patients Who Are Diagnostically Similar (Luke and Boris)
Definition of Clinical Complexity, Continued
Summary of Criteria Associated with Clinical Complexity
References
11: Formalizing the Clinical Field
Introduction
Clinical Illustration: Seth
Switch to Include Mr. G from Saudi Arabia
Summarizing
For Mr. G
For Seth
Definition of Clinical Complexity Revisited
Part VI: Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity
12: Subjectivity
Introduction
Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity: The Clinician’s and Patient’s States of Mind
Seth
Mr. G.
Return to Seth
Summary
References
Further Reading: Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity in Clinical Work
13: Complexity in the Clinical Field, Revisited
Introduction
Mark
Summary
Reference
Part VII: Working with Clinical Complexity, the Empirical-Collaborative Method
14: Information Gathering and Integration
Introduction
Diagnostic Interview
Functional Analysis
Self-Monitoring
Inventories
Standardized Quantification of Specific Variables
Reference
15: Clinical Reasoning
Introduction
Logical Analyses
Abductive Reasoning
The Clinical Value of the E-C Method
Goal of the E-C Method
Summary
Reference
Further Reading
Reasoning (Logic) Used in Clinical Work
Part VIII: Creating and Maintaining a Therapeutic Relationship
16: Failure to Form a Collaborative Relationship with the Patient
Introduction
Dynamic Features of Treatment
Clinical Illustration: Herb—Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
Summary
References
17: Our Clinical Approach (Taken from SAF’s Clinical Experience) Continued
Introduction
Establishing a Treatment Relationship
Summary
Further Reading: Collaborative Treatment
18: Engaging the Clinical Field: Introduction to Our Interpersonal Model for Change
Introduction
My Approach to the Patient (SAF)
Otto
Lex
Summary
Reference
19: Inexplicable Reversals that Facilitate Change
Introduction
Clinical Illustration: Seth and Juliana
Nafi’s Inexplicable and Rapid Reversal
Summary
Further Reading: Unexpected and Unexplained Change Associated with Clinical Work
Part IX: Treatment, Including Review of Cases
20: Complexity in Treatment of Complex Versus Routine Clinical Situations
Introduction
Understanding Clinical Events Abductively (Probabilistically) from Case Material
Further Reading: Abductive Thinking (Creativity in Clinical Work)
21: Treatment: Clinical Details
Introduction
Maggie: A Complicated Case
Team Management
22: Interdisciplinary Team Management
Introduction
Intervention: Continued
Team Management
Maggie, Continued
Follow-Up
An Appropriate Treatment Model
Reference
Further Reading: Interdisciplinary, Collaborative Teams
Part X: Assessment in Clinically Complex Situations
23: Introduction to the Role of Assessment in Developing a New Clinical Paradigm
Introduction
Case Narratives Compared to Formal, “Evidence-Based” Reports
Nurture
Nature: Ben’s Biology
24: Formal Complexity Inventories; Complexity Assessment Tools
Introduction
Complexity Profiling Inventories (Tools)
Abbreviated Complexity Inventories
Summary
Other Projects with Which We Have Been Involved that Address Clinical Complexity
The Challenge of Doing Research on Clinically Complex Cases
Recapitulating
References
Further Reading, PCAM Complexity Tool
25: Case Detail Presented in Narrative Form Versus Categorical Assessments, What Is Lost? What Is Retained?
Introduction
Here Is a Comparison
Categorical: DSM-5 Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
Clinical Presentation (Source: Narrative from Interviews with Patient)
Assessment and Choice of Treatment: Thomas
Return to Complexity Assessment Tools
26: Limitations of Complexity Assessment Tools
Introduction
Part XI: Remaining Groups of Variables
27: Elusive Variables (“#2” Variables), Anxiety, Mood, Excitement (Sexual and Otherwise), Motivation, and Judgment
Introduction
Clinical Illustration: Ben
Reference
28: Elusive Variables (“#2” Variables), Continued
Introduction
“#2” Variables
Reference
29: Clinical Work with “#2” Variables
Introduction
Clinical Precision Versus Approximation Through Statistics
30: Detecting, Organizing, and Prioritizing “#2” Variables
Introduction
Steps in Experiencing and Expressing an Emotion
“#2” Variables: Redefinition
Deconstruction of Jess’ Dysphoria
31: Creation of a New Model for Clinical Practice
Introduction
Now Return to Jess
Random Clinical Phenomena and How It Organizes: Herb
32: Random Variables and How They Organize
Introduction
Further Reading:
The Randomness of Clinical Events (Stochastic Phenomena)
33: Clinical Judgment
Introduction
Clinical Illustrations: Herb and Jess
References
Part XII: Clinical Judgment
34: Clinical Judgment, Continued
Introduction
Prediction in Clinical Work
Randomness in Clinical Work
Getting It Right
The Remainders
Restatement
Our Opinion Given the Data
35: Clinical Judgment, Illustrated
Introduction
Clinical Illustrations: SAF and Others
Further Reading:
Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment
36: Cultural Values, i.e., Mores, Ethics, Standards, and Habits
Introduction
Habits and Mores
Subsets of “#2” Variables: “#2a” and “#2b”
“#3” Variables
Kamile
“#3” Variables: Introduction
Part XIII: “#3” Variables
37: A New Category, “#3” Variables, Beyond the Elusiveness of “#2” Variables
Introduction
Londyn
An Unexpected Influence
Clinical Judgment, Revisited
Further Reading
List A: “#3” Variables—Existing in the Mind (Sociology)
List B: “#3” Variables—Microscopic Phenomena and the Products of One’s Mind
38: Toward a Comprehensive Discussion of “#3” Variables
Introduction
Kamile, continued
Part XIV: The Empirical-Collaborative (E-C) Method
39: The Empirical-Collaborative Method, Our Method for Using Clinical Data to Arrive at a Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice
Introduction
The Empirical-Collaborative Method, Further Explored
40: The Empirical-Collaborative Method Illustrated
Introduction
Ben
Reference
41: The Empirical-Collaborative Method and Its Fit with Clinical Complexity
Introduction
Unpacking Complex Clinical Situations
Andrew: Magnitudes of Contributing Factors
Formal Methods for Rating the Magnitudes of Components of a Clinical Situation
42: Using the Empirical-Collaborative Method to Arrive at a Paradigm Shift for Clinical Practice
Introduction
Variety
Return to Erin
43: The Empirical-Collaborative Method and the Paradigm Shift, Further Illustrated
Introduction
Kamile
Part XV: Understanding and Working with Clinical Complexity
44: Excessive Certainty by the Clinician
Introduction
Clinical Judgment: Its Virtues and Perils
A Retrospective
Implications for Medicine
Freedom from Prescribed Truth
45: Achieving a “Real-Life” Understanding of a Case
Introduction
“Real-Life” Again
Part XVI: Synthesis, Path Analysis
46: Use of Path Analysis to Map Out Complex Clinical Situations
Introduction
Jennifer’s Current Clinical Status
Clinical Judgment, Revisited
Clinical Judgment
Reference
47: Mapping Out Jennifer’s Case, Using a Path Diagram to Schematically Represent a Complex Case
Introduction
Path Analysis, Jennifer
Diagram Definitions
Reference
Part XVII: Conclusion, Clinching the Paradigm Shift
48: Slowly Emerging Details
Introduction
Clinical Illustration: Michael
More Information
The “Takeaways”
An Aside
Surprise Ending
49: Giving Up One’s Assumptions in Pursuit of a Paradigm Shift
Introduction
Barriers to Change
Foundation for a Paradigm Shift
Interpersonal Awe
50: Concluding Thoughts
Introduction
Solomon (The Impact of Unexpected Life Events)
Michael (Completing His Diagnosis)
Our Paradigm Shift
Retrospective
What Is the “Old” Paradigm and What Is It Being Replaced By?
Index