دانلود کتاب Comprehensive pharmacy review for NAPLEX

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Comprehensive Pharmacy Review for NAPLEX, Eighth Edition Half Title Page Title Page Copyright Preface WHAT’S NEW IN THIS EDITION ORGANIZATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND CHAPTER STRUCTURE Contributors Contents Taking a Test MATERIALS NEEDED FOR TEST PREPARATION ATTITUDE AND APPROACH PREPARING FOR THE EXAMINATION TAKING THE EXAMINATION SPECIFIC TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS GUESSING USING A PRACTICE EXAM TO LEARN SUMMARY Introduction to the NAPLEX NAPLEX Blueprint THE NAPLEX COMPETENCY STATEMENTS Chapter 1: Pharmaceutical Calculations I. FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION II. SYSTEMS OF MEASURE III. REDUCING AND ENLARGING FORMULAS IV. CALCULATING DOSES V. PERCENTAGE, RATIO STRENGTH, AND OTHER CONCENTRATION EXPRESSIONS VI. DILUTION AND CONCENTRATION VII. ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 2: Pharmaceutical Principles and Drug Dosage Forms I. INTRODUCTION II. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION III. STATES OF MATTER IV. PHYSICOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR V. CHEMICAL KINETICS AND DRUG STABILITY VI. DRUG DOSAGE FORMS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 3: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems I. INTRODUCTION II. DRUG TRANSPORT AND ABSORPTION III. BIOPHARMACEUTIC PRINCIPLES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 4: Extemporaneous Prescription Compounding I. INTRODUCTION II. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOUNDING III. COMPOUNDING OF SOLUTIONS IV. COMPOUNDING OF SUSPENSIONS V. EMULSIONS VI. POWDERED DOSAGE FORMS VII. CAPSULES VIII. MOLDED TABLETS (TABLET TRITURATES) IX. OINTMENTS, CREAMS, PASTES, AND GELS X. SUPPOSITORIES XI. STERILE PREPARATIONS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 5: Basic Pharmacokinetics I. PHARMACOKINETICS II. CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS III. TOXICOKINETICS IV. POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 6: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence I. DEFINITIONS II. DRUG PRODUCT PERFORMANCE III. BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE IV. RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE BIOAVAILABILITY V. BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIES FOR SOLID ORAL DRUG PRODUCTS VI. BIOEQUIVALENCE ISSUES VII. DRUG PRODUCTION SELECTION Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 7: Biotechnology Drug Products I. INTRODUCTION II. BASIC TERMINOLOGY III. PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IV. IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Ig) AND mAbs V. CYTOKINE IMMUNOMODULATORS VI. PLASMA PROTEINS, COAGULATION, FIBRINOLYSIS VII. MISCELLANEOUS OTHER PROTEIN DRUGS VIII. MACROMOLECULAR NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 8: Drug Metabolism, Prodrugs, and Pharmacogenetics I. INTRODUCTION TO DRUG METABOLISM II. CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG METABOLISM III. METABOLIC PATHWAYS IV. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DRUG METABOLISM V. PRODRUGS VI. STRATEGIES TO MANAGE DRUG METABOLISM VII. PHARMACOGENETICS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 9: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting the Nervous System I. INTRODUCTION II. DRUGS AFFECTING THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM III. DRUGS AFFECTING THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IV. DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 10: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Cardiovascular and Diuretic Drugs I. INTRODUCTION II. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS III. AGENTS USED TO MANAGE ANGINA IV. AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE V. ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS VI. ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS VII. ANTICOAGULANT, ANTIPLATELET, AND THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 11: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Autacoids, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, and Antihistamines I. AUTACOIDS II. PROSTAGLANDINS (PGs) III. NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, OR NSAIDs IV. NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS AND ANTIPYRETICS V. GOUT VI. LEUKOTRIENES (LTs) VII. SEROTONIN VIII. ANTIHISTAMINES IX. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPIs) Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 12: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Endocrine and Related Drugs I. INTRODUCTION II. PITUITARY HORMONES III. GONADAL HORMONES IV. ADRENOCORTICOSTEROIDS V. THYROID HORMONES VI. BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS VII. ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 13: Drug–Drug and Drug–Nutrient Interactions I. INTRODUCTION II. PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS III. PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS IV. HERBAL–DRUG INTERACTIONS V. FOOD–DRUG INTERACTIONS VI. CHEMICAL–DRUG INTERACTIONS VII. PHARMACOGENETICS AND DRUG INTERACTIONS VIII. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF DRUG INTERACTIONS IX. REFERENCES. Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 14: Drug Information Resources I. DEFINITION II. DRUG INFORMATION RESOURCES III. INTERNET IV. STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION REQUESTS V. SEARCH STRATEGIES VI. EVALUATING A CLINICAL STUDY VII. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSES TO DRUG INFORMATION REQUESTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 15: Biostatistics I. TYPES OF DATA II. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY III. MEASURES OF VARIABILITY: DESCRIBE DATA SPREAD AND CAN HELP INFER STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE IV. HYPOTHESIS TESTING V. STATISTICAL INFERENCE TECHNIQUES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR PARAMETRIC DATA VI. STATISTICAL INFERENCE TECHNIQUES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR NONPARAMETRIC DATA VII. STATISTICAL INFERENCE TECHNIQUES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR ORDINAL DATA VIII. CORRELATION SIMPLY EXPLAINS THE STRENGTH OF A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES IX. REGRESSION TAKES CORRELATION ONE STEP FURTHER X. ERROR VERSUS BIAS XI. CONFOUNDING XII. CONTROLLED VERSUS NONCONTROLLED TRIALS XIII. BLINDING DOES SEVERAL THINGS XIV. VALIDITY XV. ASSESSING RISK XVI. TRIAL DESIGN XVII. REFERENCES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 16: Clinical Toxicology I. OVERVIEW II. GENERAL MANAGEMENT III. MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC INGESTIONS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 17: Sterile Products I. INTRODUCTION II. DEFINITIONS III. DESIGN AND FUNCTION OF STERILE COMPOUNDING AREAS IV. ASEPTIC MANIPULATIONS V. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE VI. STERILIZATION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT VII. PACKAGING OF PARENTERAL PRODUCTS VIII. PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION ROUTES IX. PARENTERAL PREPARATIONS X. IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS XI. NEEDLES AND SYRINGES XII. INTRAVENOUS DRUG DELIVERY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 18: Parapharmaceuticals, Diagnostic Aids, and Medical Devices I. AMBULATORY AIDS II. BATHROOM EQUIPMENT III. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORS IV. HEAT AND COLD THERAPY V. DIAGNOSTIC AIDS VI. HOSPITAL BEDS AND ACCESSORIES VII. INCONTINENCE AND INCONTINENCE PRODUCTS VIII. ORTHOPEDIC BRACES AND SURGICAL FITTINGS IX. OSTOMY APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES X. RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT XI. THERMOMETERS XII. URINARY CATHETERS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 19: Over-the-Counter Otic, Dental, and Ophthalmic Agents I. OTIC OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) PRODUCTS II. DENTAL OVER-THE-COUNTER PRODUCTS III. OPHTHALMIC OTC PRODUCTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 20: Over-the-Counter Dermatological Agents I. CONTACT DERMATITIS II. SCALY DERMATOSES III. FUNGAL INFECTIONS IV. ACNE V. DRY SKIN VI. SUNLIGHT, SUNSCREENS, AND SUNTAN PRODUCTS VII. WARTS VIII. CORNS AND CALLUSES IX. PEDICULOSIS AND PEDICULICIDES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 21: Over-the-Counter Weight Control, Sleep, and Smoking-Cessation Aids I. WEIGHT CONTROL II. SLEEP AIDS III. SMOKING CESSATION Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 22: Over-the-Counter Agents for Fever, Pain, Cough, Cold, and Allergic Rhinitis I. ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIPYRETIC AGENTS II. THE COMMON COLD III. ALLERGIC RHINITIS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 23: Over-the-Counter Agents for Constipation, Diarrhea, Hemorrhoids, and Heartburn I. CONSTIPATION II. DIARRHEA III. HEMORRHOIDS IV. HEARTBURN AND DYSPEPSIA Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 24: Over-the-Counter Menstrual, Vaginal, and Contraceptive Agents I. MENSTRUATION AND MENSTRUAL PRODUCTS II. VAGINAL PRODUCTS III. OTC CONTRACEPTIVES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 25: Herbal Medicines and Nutritional Supplements I. INTRODUCTION II. COMMONLY USED HERBS III. OTHER DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS THAT ARE POTENTIALLY SAFE IV. REFERENCES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 26: Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring I. INTRODUCTION II. APPLYING CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS IN TDM III. TDM DRUGS AND COMMON CHARACTERISTICS IV. EQUATIONS FREQUENTLY USED IN TDM V. EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS ON PHARMACOKINETIC VARIABLES VI. USING TEST PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS IN TDM VII. SUMMARY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 27: Pediatrics I. PEDIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 28: Geriatrics I. DRUG USE IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 29: Women’s Health I. PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME/PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER II. POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME III. DRUG USE IN PREGNANT PATIENTS IV. DRUG EXCRETION IN BREAST MILK V. INCONTINENCE VI. MENOPAUSE VII. OSTEOPOROSIS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 30: Clinical Laboratory Tests I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES II. HEMATOLOGICAL TESTS III. COMMON SERUM ENZYME TESTS IV. LIVER FUNCTION TESTS V. URINALYSIS VI. COMMON RENAL FUNCTION TESTS VII. ELECTROLYTES VIII. MINERALS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 31: Coronary Artery Disease I. INTRODUCTION II. ANGINA PECTORIS III. ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS) Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 32: Cardiac Arrhythmias I. INTRODUCTION II. THERAPY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 33: Hypertension I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS II. SECONDARY HYPERTENSION III. ESSENTIAL (PRIMARY) HYPERTENSION IV. HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES V. PRINCIPLES OF HYPERTENSION TREATMENT IN THE ELDERLY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 34: Heart Failure I. INTRODUCTION II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY III. CLINICAL EVALUATION IV. THERAPY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 35: Thromboembolic Diseases I. DEFINITION II. INCIDENCE III. RISK FACTORS FOR VTE IV. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT V. PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 36: Infectious Diseases I. PRINCIPLES OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY II. ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS III. SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS IV. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS V. ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS VI. ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS VII. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS VIII. ANTHELMINTICS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 37: Seizure Disorders I. INTRODUCTION II. THERAPY III. COMPLICATIONS IV. SEIZURE DISORDER AND PREGNANCY Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 38: Parkinson Disease I. DISEASE STATE AND PATHOLOGY II. INDIVIDUAL DRUGS III. SURGICAL TREATMENT Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 39: Schizophrenia I. INTRODUCTION II. DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES III. TREATMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES IV. PHARMACOTHERAPY: ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 40: Mood Disorders, Anxiety Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Insomnia I. TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER II. TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER III. TREATMENT OF ANXIETY SPECTRUM DISORDERS IV. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) V. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER VI. TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) VII. TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 41: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I. ASTHMA II. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 42: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis I. DEFINITION AND CAUSE II. NORMAL JOINT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY III. OSTEOARTHRITIS IV. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 43: Hyperuricemia and Gout I. INTRODUCTION II. ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA III. ACUTE GOUTY ARTHRITIS IV. INTERCRITICAL GOUT V. CHRONIC TOPHACEOUS GOUT Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 44: Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Acid-Associated Disorders I. INTRODUCTION II. THERAPY III. COMPLICATIONS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 45: Diseases of the Bowel: Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome I. INTRODUCTION II. THERAPY III. COMPLICATIONS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 46: Diabetes Mellitus I. INTRODUCTION II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIABETIC STATE III. CLINICAL EVALUATION IV. GLYCEMIC TREATMENT GOALS V. PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS VI. GLYCEMIC MANAGEMENT OF T2DM VII. PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY OF PREDIABETES VIII. HYPERGLYCEMIC EMERGENCIES IX. HYPOGLYCEMIA X. CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS XI. PATIENT EDUCATION AND SELF-CARE XII. DEVICES FOR DIABETES XIII. SIGNIFICANT DRUG INTERACTIONS AFFECTING GLYCEMIC CONTROL Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 47: Thyroid Disease I. DEFINITION II. PHYSIOLOGY III. HYPOTHYROIDISM IV. HYPERTHYROIDISM Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 48: Renal Disorders I. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE II. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 49: Hepatic Disorders I. ACUTE LIVER FAILURE (ALF) II. ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY III. HEPATITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER IV. ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE V. CIRRHOSIS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 50: Cancer Chemotherapy I. PRINCIPLES OF ONCOLOGY II. CELL LIFE CYCLE III. CHEMOTHERAPY IV. CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS V. TOXICITIES OF CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS VI. OTHER THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 51: Pain Management I. INTRODUCTION II. ANALGESICS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 52: Nutrition and the Hospitalized Patient I. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS II. NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND METABOLIC REQUIREMENTS III. METHODS OF SUPPORT IV. MONITORING SUPPORT V. SUPPORT OF SPECIFIC STATES VI. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PN PREPARATIONS VII. HOME PARENTERAL NUTRITION (HPN) VIII. MISCELLANEOUS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 53: Immunosuppressive Agents in Organ Transplantation I. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION II. GRAFT REJECTION III. PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF GRAFT REJECTION IV. COMPLICATIONS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 54: Outcomes Research and Pharmacoeconomics I. GENERAL CONCEPTS II. COST III. ELEMENTS OF A GOOD STUDY IV. PHARMACOECONOMIC METHODOLOGIES V. DECISION ANALYSIS VI. PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES (PRO) VII. MODELING STUDIES VIII. 1997 FDA MODERNIZATION ACT, SECTION 114, HEALTH CARE ECONOMIC INFORMATION IX. PRACTICAL ISSUES IN INTERPRETING OUTCOMES RESEARCH AND PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 55: Drug Product Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry I. INTRODUCTION II. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT III. PREAPPROVAL INSPECTIONS (PAIs) IV. SCALE-UP AND POSTAPPROVAL CHANGES (SUPACs) V. GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMPs) Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 56: Microbiology I. SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY II. DOMAIN EUKARYA III. DOMAIN BACTERIA IV. VIRUSES V. TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS VI. DISEASES CAUSED BY INFECTIOUS AGENTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 57: Immunology I. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM II. INNATE IMMUNITY III. FUNCTIONAL BRANCHES OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE: T-CELL–MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES (CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY) IV. FUNCTIONAL BRANCHES OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY V. IMMUNODEFICIENCIES VI. HYPERSENSITIVITIES VII. AUTOIMMUNITY VIII. TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY IX. TRANSPLANTATION X. VACCINATION XI. IMMUNIZATION PRACTICE FOR THE PHARMACIST Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 58: Principles of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry I. INTRODUCTION II. RECEPTORS III. DRUG–RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IV. PHARMACODYNAMICS IN THE CLINICAL POPULATION V. STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF DRUG ACTION VI. PHYSIOCHEMICAL DETERMINANTS OF DRUG ACTION VII. NONCLASSICAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS VIII. MAJOR SOURCES OF COMMERCIALLY VIABLE DRUGS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 59: Nuclear Pharmacy I. INTRODUCTION II. SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TECHNETIUM-99m (99m Tc) GENERATOR III. RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING IV. SKELETAL IMAGING V. LUNG IMAGING VI. HEPATIC IMAGING VII. RENAL IMAGING VIII. THYROID IMAGING IX. BRAIN IMAGING X. INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION XI. BREAST IMAGING XII. TUMORS XIII. THERAPEUTIC AGENTS XV. REFERENCES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 60: Medication Therapy Management I. INTRODUCTION II. SCOPE OF MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT SERVICES III. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT IV. REFERENCES Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 61: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting I. INTRODUCTION II. DEFINITIONS III. TYPES OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IV. RECOGNITION V. SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS VI. REPORTING TO THE FDA VII. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEALTH-SYSTEMS PHARMACISTS (ASHP) GUIDELINES VIII. THE JOINT COMMISSION IX. UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA (USP) X. FURTHER INFORMATION Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 62: Medication Errors I. MEDICATION ERROR PROBLEM II. ERROR DEFINITION III. TYPES OF ERRORS IV. COMMON ERROR HAZARDS V. SEVERAL SAFETY TECHNIQUES OBSERVED IN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES VI. ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA) VII. NATIONAL SAFETY EFFORTS Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 63: Federal Pharmacy Law I. FEDERAL CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT II. FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT (FDCA) III. POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT (PPPA) IV. ANTI-TAMPERING ACT V. MAILING PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION VI. OMNIBUS BUDGET RECONCILIATION ACT OF 1990 (OBRA ’90) VII. HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA) OF 1996 VIII. OPIOID (NARCOTIC) ADDICTION TREATMENT PROGRAMS IX. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENTS ACT (FDAAA) OF 2007 X. RYAN HAIGHT ONLINE PHARMACY CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT OF 2008 Study Questions Answers and Explanations Chapter 64: Reviewing and Dispensing Prescription and Medication Orders I. DEFINITIONS II. UNDERSTANDING THE PRESCRIPTION OR MEDICATION ORDER AND EVALUATING ITS APPROPRIATENESS III. PROCESSING PRESCRIPTIONS AND MEDICATION ORDERS IV. DISPENSING MEDICATION AND COUNSELING V. PATIENT MONITORING Study Questions Answers and Explanations Appendix A: Common Prescription Drugs and Over-the-Counter Products Appendix B: Prescription Dispensing Information and Metrology Prescriptions PARTS OF THE PRESCRIPTION THE PRESCRIPTION LABEL AUXILIARY LABELS BEFORE DISPENSING THE PRESCRIPTION COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Metrology THE METRIC, APOTHECARY, AND AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEMS CONVERSION Appendix C: Reference Charts For Patient Counseling DRUGS THAT SHOULD NOT BE CRUSHED SUGAR-FREE PRODUCTS ALCOHOL-FREE PRODUCTS DRUGS THAT MAY CAUSE PHOTOSENSITIVITY DRUG/ALCOHOL INTERACTIONS DRUG/TOBACCO INTERACTIONS USE-IN-PREGNANCY RATINGS X: CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY D: POSITIVE EVIDENCE OF RISK C: RISK CANNOT BE RULED OUT B: NO EVIDENCE OF RISK IN HUMANS A: CONTROLLED STUDIES SHOW NO RISK DRUGS EXCRETED IN BREAST MILK LOW POTASSIUM DIET REFERENCES Appendix D: National and State Boards of Pharmacy Contact Information Appendix E: Budgeting for Drug Information Resources Index