دانلود کتاب Comprehensive Textbook of Clinical Radiology Volume IV: Abdomen

فهرست مطالب :

Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
SECTION 7. General Abdomen
7.1. Imaging techniques of abdomen and pelvis
7.1.1. UNDERSTANDING THE ADULT ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPH: TECHNIQUES AND INTERPRETATION
7.1.2. OESOPHAGOGRAM
7.1.2.1. BARIUM UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES
7.1.2.2. BARIUM MEAL FOLLOW THROUGH (SMALL BOWEL SERIES)
7.1.2.3. SMALL BOWEL ENEMA: TIPS TO PERFORM AND INTERPRETATION
7.1.2.4. BARIUM ENEMA
7.1.2.5. FISTULOGRAM
7.1.2.6. HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY
7.1.3. ULTRASOUND OF NORMAL ABDOMEN ANATOMY, TECHNIQUES, VARIATIONS, NOMOGRAMS AND SCANNING PROTOCOLS
7.1.4. NORMAL ANATOMY AND FLOW PATTERNS IN ABDOMINAL VESSELS
7.1.5. ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF AORTA, ILIAC ARTERIES AND THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA
7.1.6. DOPPLER ASSESSMENT OF MESENTERIC ARTERIES
7.1.7. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ABDOMINAL IMAGING
7.1.7.1. PERIANAL FISTULAE AND ITS EVALUATION BY TRANSPERIANAL SONOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
7.2. Normal anatomy and normal variant
7.2.1. CROSS SECTIONAL ANATOMY OF ABDOMEN
7.2.2. NORMAL ANATOMY OF ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
7.2.2.1. NORMAL VARIANTS: LIVER ANATOMY VARIANTS
7.3. Normograms of abdomen and gastrointestinal tract
7.4. Approach to radiological diagnosis
7.4.1. APPROACH TO HIGH INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN A NEONATE
7.4.2. APPROACH TO PHARYNGEAL AND OESOPHAGEAL POUCHES AND DIVERTICULA
7.4.3. APPROACH TO OESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA
7.4.4. APPROACH TO OESOPHAGEAL LUMINAL NARROWING
7.4.5. APPROACH TO GASTRIC FILLING DEFECTS
7.4.6. APPROACH TO WIDENING OF C LOOP OF DUODENUM
7.4.7. APPROACH TO MESENTERIC ISCHAEMIA
7.4.8. APPROACH TO MESENTERIC CYSTIC LESIONS
7.4.9. APPROACH TO SOLID MESENTERIC LESIONS
7.4.10. APPROACH TO MISTY MESENTERY
7.4.11. APPROACH TO COLITIS
7.4.12. APPROACH TO WIDENED RETRORECTAL SPACE
7.4.13. HEPATOBILIARY: APPROACH TO FOCAL LIVER MASS IN PAEDIATRICS
7.4.14. APPROACH TO LIVER LESIONS WITH A CENTRAL SCAR
7.4.15. APPROACH TO LIVER LESIONS CAUSING CAPSULAR RETRACTION
7.4.16. APPROACH TO CYSTIC LIVER LESIONS
7.4.17. APPROACH TO CYSTIC LESION OF PANCREAS
7.4.18. APPROACH TO CYSTIC LESION OF PANCREAS – MACROCYSTIC LESION
7.4.19. APPROACH TO OMENTAL PATHOLOGIES
7.5. Paediatric imaging techniques of abdomen and pelvis
7.5.1. MISCELLANEOUS PAEDIATRIC RADIOGRAPHY – TECHNIQUES AND INTERPRETATION: SKELETAL SURVEY
7.5.1.1. BABYGRAM
7.5.1.2. INVERTOGRAM
7.5.2. UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES
7.5.3. IMAGING MODALITIES IN PAEDIATRIC ABDOMEN
7.6. Anorectal malformations
7.7. Gastrointestinal masses in children
7.8. Neonatal gastrointestinal disorders
7.9. Upper gastrointestinal abnormalities (typically seen in infants and young children)
7.10. Imaging in paediatric mesentery disorders
7.11. Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease
7.12. Intussusception
7.13. Approach to acute abdomen
7.14. Imaging and interventions in abdominal trauma
7.15. Abdominal wall pathologies and hernias
7.16. Pelvic floor imaging
7.16.1. PELVIC FLOOR IMAGING – ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE COMPARTMENTS
7.16.2. MR DEFECOGRAPHY AND ITS ROLE IN PELVIC FLOOR IMAGING
7.17. Vascular interventions in gastrointestinal tract
7.18. Nonvascular interventions in the abdomen
SECTION 8. Gastrointestinal Tract
8.1. Oesophagus
8.1.1. CLINICALLY RELEVANT EMBRYOLOGY OF OESOPHAGUS
8.1.2. IMAGING TECHNIQUES – OESOPHAGUS
8.1.3. ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH OESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA
8.1.4. OESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS
8.1.5. APPROACH TO INDIGESTION, NAUSEA, VOMITING AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
8.1.6. BENIGN NEOPLASMS OF OESOPHAGUS
8.1.7. CA OESOPHAGUS
8.2. Stomach
8.3. Small bowel
8.3.1. SMALL BOWEL IMAGING
8.3.2. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
8.3.3. IMAGING OF SMALL BOWEL ISCHAEMIA
8.3.4. SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
8.3.5. POSTOPERATIVE SMALL BOWEL IMAGING
8.4. Colon
8.4.1. EMBRIOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF COLON
8.4.2. IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR COLON
8.4.3. IMAGING OF THE APPENDIX AND INTRAPERITONEAL FOCAL FAT INFARCTION
8.4.4. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES OF COLON
8.4.5. DIVERTICULAR DISEASES OF COLON
8.4.6. ISCHAEMIC COLITIS
8.4.7. INFECTIOUS COLITIS
8.4.8. NEOPLASTIC DISEASE OF COLON
8.4.9. MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES OF COLON
8.5. Rectum
8.6. Peritoneum
SECTION 9. Hepatobiliary System
9.1. Radiological techniques in hepatobiliary imaging
9.1.1. PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY FOR HEPATOBILIARY IMAGING
9.1.2. ULTRASOUND OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM
9.1.3. DOPPLER OF PORTAL VEIN
9.1.4. INTRAOPERATIVE PANCREATIC AND HEPATIC ULTRASOUND
9.1.5. MULTIDETECTOR CT OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM AND CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
9.1.6. CT ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM AND INTERVENTIONS IN HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM
9.1.7. MRI LIVER TECHNIQUE, MRCP AND ERCP
9.1.8. LIVER FAT AND IRON ESTIMATION INCLUDING SPECTROSCOPY AND LIVER ELASTOGRAPHY
9.2. Normal anatomy and variants
9.3. Normogram and normal values
9.4. Approach to radiologic diagnosis
9.4.1. APPROACH TO CONGENITAL PANCREATIC ANOMALIES
Introduction
9.4.2. APPROACH TO PANCREATIC CALCIFICATION
9.4.3. APPROACH TO PERIAMPULLARY LESIONS
9.5. Radiological signs – hepatobiliary system
9.6. Embroyology and congenital anomalies of the hepatobiliary system
9.7. Hepatobiliary system: Congenital anomalies
9.8. Paediatric hepatobiliary lesions
9.8.1. DIFFUSE PARENCHYMAL DISEASES OF THE LIVER
9.8.2. PEDIATRIC BENIGN HEPATIC MASSES (INCLUDING INFECTIONS)
9.8.3. IMAGING OF MALIGNANT PAEDIATRIC LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT LESIONS
9.8.4. VASCULAR ANOMALIES OF PEDIATRIC LIVER
9.8.5. DISEASES OF GALLBLADDER IN CHILDREN
9.8.6. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN
9.9. Imaging in portal hypertension and cirrhosis with emphasis on LI-RADS
9.10. Diffuse liver disease
Abnormalities of attenuation
9.11. Focal liver lesions
9.12. Vascular pathologies of liver
9.13. Hepatic infections
9.14. Liver transplant imaging
Posttransplant imaging
9.15. Imaging in biliary diseases
9.16. Paediatric pancreatic pathologies
9.17. Imaging in pancreatitis
9.18. Imaging in solid pancreatic masses
9.19. Cystic pancreatic masses
9.20. Role of imaging in pancreatic transplant
9.21. Paediatric splenic abnormalities
9.22. Imaging of spleen and splenic pathologies
9.22.1. CONGENITAL SPLENIC ABNORMALITIES
9.22.2. SPLENIC INFECTION AND ABSCESS
9.22.3. SPLENOMEGALY AND HYPERSPLENISM
9.22.4. SPLENIC INFARCTION
9.22.5. SPLENIC TRAUMA
9.22.6. BENIGN LESIONS OF THE SPLEEN
9.22.7. MALIGNANT LESIONS AND LYMPHOMA OF THE SPLEEN
9.22.8. SPLENIC INTERVENTIONS
9.23. Abdominal trauma
9.24. Biliary interventions
1. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage
2. Biliary stenting
3. Percutaneous cholecystostomy
4. Biliary brush cytology and biopsy
5. Biliary radiofrequency ablation
6. Biliary internal radiotherapy
7. Benign biliary strictures and bile leaks
8. Other methods of biliary drainage
9.25. Transarterial therapy for liver tumours
9.26. Interventions in portal hypertension
9.27. Interventional management of Budd–Chiari syndrome
9.28. Portal vein embolization: Principle, technique and current status
9.29. Postliver transplant complications and interventions
SECTION 10. Urinary Tract Disease
10.1. Imaging techniques: Plain radiograph, conventional imaging, fluoro–cine techniques, USG doppler, CT/MR
10.2. Anatomy, radiological anatomy, normal variants
10.3. Normograms for the urinary tract
10.4. Approach based algorithms
10.4.1. RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION
10.4.2. URINARY TRACT CALCIFICATIONS
10.4.3. RENAL MASS FOR EVALUATION
10.4.4. APPROACH TO HEMATURIA
10.4.5. ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH BLADDER LESIONS
10.5. Embryology of the urinary tract
10.6. Conventional paediatric uroradiology
10.7. Genitourinary anomalies
10.8. Urinary tract infections (including vesicoureteric reflux and neurogenic bladder)
10.9. Renal masses in children
10.10. Retroperitoneal masses in children (including adrenals)
10.11. Bladder and urethral abnormalities in children
10.12. Kidney
10.12.1. CYSTIC DISEASES OF KIDNEY
10.12.2. INFECTIONS
1. Acute bacterial pyelonephritis
2. Emphysematous pyelonephritis
3. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
4. Renal and perinephric abscess
Pyonephrosis
5. Reflux nephropathy (RN)
6. Renal sinus lipomatosis
Renal replacement lipomatosis (RRL)
7. Renal malakoplakia
8. Renal fungal disease: Includes candidiasis and mucormycosis
9. HIV-associated nephropathy
10. Opportunistic renal infections in HIV
11. Urogenital tuberculosis
12. Parasitic infestation in gut
10.12.3. RENAL FAILURE
1. Hydronephrosis and obstructive uropathy
2. Acute renal failure
3. Chronic renal failure
4. Glomerular diseases: An insight into imaging of nephritic and nephrotic pathologies
5. Differential diagnosis of bilateral large smooth kidneys
6. Approach to unilateral small kidney
10.12.4. RENAL METABOLIC DISORDERS
1. Nephrocalcinosis
2. Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
10.12.5. RENAL DISORDERS OF MIGRATION AND RENAL ANOMALIES
Renal and genitourinary trauma
10.12.6. UROLITHIASIS
10.13. Bladder and urachus
10.14. Ureter
10.15. Urethra
10.15.1. URETHRAL DIVERTICULUM (URETHROCELES)
10.15.2. URETHRAL TRAUMA
10.15.3. URETHRAL TUMOURS
10.16. Adrenals
10.16.1. ADRENAL ANATOMY AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES
10.16.2. ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA
10.16.3. ADENOMA
10.16.4. ROLE OF MULTIMODALITY IMAGING IN ADRENAL MALIGNANCIES
10.17. Retroperitoneum
10.17.1. CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM
10.17.2. IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND PROTOCOLS FOR THE RETROPERITONEUM
10.17.3. SOLID NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS
10.17.4. IMAGE-GUIDED INTERVENTIONS OF RETROPERITONEAL MASSES AND IMAGING OF POSTPROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS
10.17.5. IMAGING OF PRIMARY RETROPERITONEAL NEOPLASMS IN ADULTS
10.18. Renal vascular imaging
10.18.1. RENOVASCULAR DISEASE (RVD)
10.18.2. SPONTANEOUS PERIRENAL HAEMORRHAGE AND RENAL AV MALFORMATIONS
10.18.3. IMAGING IN ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA FOR HAEMODIALYSIS ACCESS
10.19. Imaging in urological complications after renal transplantations
10.20. Endovascular management of renal artery stenosis
10.21. Other renal vascular interventions
10.21.1. NONVASCULAR RENAL INTERVENTION
10.21.2. POSTRENAL TRANSPLANT INTERVENTIONS
10.22. Surgical perspective
10.22.1. IMAGING IN RENAL TRANSPLANT – A VASCULAR SURGEON’S PERSPECTIVE
10.22.2. IMAGING FOR COMPLICATIONS AFTER BLADDER SURGERY
10.23. Recent advances
10.23.1. CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND IN ADULT GENITOURINARY IMAGING
10.23.2. DUAL-ENERGY AND SPECTRAL IMAGING IN GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
10.23.3. CT UROGRAPHY
10.23.4. MR UROGRAPHY
SECTION 11. Reproductive System
11.1. Radiological techniques in reproductive imaging
11.1.1. ULTRASOUND MALE PELVIS
11.1.2. ULTRASONOGRAPHY INGUINOSCROTAL REGION
11.1.3. TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND OF PROSTATE
11.1.4. USG FEMALE PELVIS
11.1.5. TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND
11.1.6. 3D ULTRASOUND AND TOMOGRAPHIC ULTRASOUND IMGING (TUI)
11.1.7. HYSTEROSALPHINGOGRAPHY
11.1.8. SALINE INFUSION ‘SONOHYSTEROGRAPHY’
11.1.9. MAGNETIC RESONANCE HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY
11.1.10. COMPUTED TOMOGRAM OF PELVIS
11.1.11. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE FEMALE PELVIS
11.1.12. PET-CT IN UROLOGY AND GYNAECOLOGY
11.2. Anatomy and normal variants
11.2.1. IMAGING ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
11.2.2. IMAGING ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
11.2.3. IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE PERITONEAL SPACES
11.2.4. NORMAL VARIANTS OF PROSTRATE
11.2.5. NORMAL VARIANTS OF SCROTUM
11.2.6. NORMAL VARIANTS OF URETHRA
11.3. Nomogram (which plane, where, in tables)
11.4. Radiologic approach to lesions (a systematic approach to clinical scenarios/radiological abnormality)
11.4.1. OVARIAN CYST VERSUS BLADDER
11.4.2. UTERINE VERSUS EXTRAUTERINE MASS
11.4.3. BLADDER MASS VERSUS PROSTATE MASS
11.4.4. OVARIAN MASS VERSUS PARAOVARIAN MASS
11.4.5. OVARIAN CYST VERSUS HYDROSALPINX
11.4.6. TESTICULAR TORSION VERSUS EPIDIDYMITIS
11.4.7. OVARIAN TORSION VERSUS OHSS
11.4.8. GARTNER’S DUCT CYST VERSUS BARTHOLIN’S GLAND CYST
11.5. Signs in reproductive imaging
11.6. Embryology
11.7. Intersex disorders: Concepts, types and diagnostic approach
11.8. Testis
11.9. Epididymis
11.10. Seminal vesicles
11.11. Scrotum
11.11.1. FOURNIER GANGRENE (NECROTIZING FASCIITIS): AN INFREQUENT TISSUE EATING DISEASE
11.11.2. ABDOMINAL WALL HERNIA
11.11.3. TESTICULAR TRAUMA
11.11.4. VARICOCELE
11.12. Prostate
11.13. High-resolution ultrasound and colour doppler in penile pathologies and erectile dysfunction
11.14. Imaging of paediatric female reproductive tract
11.14.1. MÜLLERIAN DUCT ANOMALIES
11.14.2. IMAGING OF FEMALE PELVIS IN CHILDREN
11.15. Uterus
11.15.1. ENDOMETRITIS
11.15.2. UTERINE ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION
11.15.3. FIBROIDS
11.15.4. ADENOMYOSIS
11.15.5. ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS
11.15.6. ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA
11.15.7. NEOPLASM OF UTERUS
11.16. Ovaries
11.16.1. ADNEXAL (OVARIAN) TORSION
11.16.2. BENIGN OVARIAN LESIONS
11.16.3. TUBO-OVARIAN ABSCESS
11.16.4. IMAGING OF EPITHELIAL AND TUBAL OVARIAN TUMOURS
11.17. Fallopian tubes
11.17.1. SALPINGITIS
11.17.2. PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
11.18. Cervix
11.18.1. CERVICITIS
11.18.2. CERVICAL STENOSIS
11.18.3. CERVICAL POLYPS
11.18.4. CERVICAL CARCINOMA
11.19. Vagina
11.19.1. VAGINAL CYSTS
11.19.2. VAGINAL MALIGNANCIES
11.19.3. ENDOMETRIOSIS
11.20. Imaging approach in infertility
11.20.1. FOLLICULAR STUDY
11.20.2. ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN IVF PROCEDURES
11.21. Genital tuberculosis
11.22. Genitourinary interventions
11.23. Genitourinary nonvascular interventions
11.24. Recent advances in reproductive system
11.24.1. MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI OF THE PROSTRATE
11.24.2. MAGNETIC RESONANCE GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND SURGERY (MRgFUS)
11.25. Urogenital malignancies
11.25.1. IMAGING OF RENAL MALIGNANCIES IN ADULTS
11.25.2. ROLE OF MULTIMODALITY IMAGING IN TESTICULAR MALIGNANCIES
11.25.3. BLADDER CANCER