دانلود کتاب Conducting Polymers: A New Era in Electrochemistry

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Cover
Half Title
Monographs in Electrochemistry Series
Conducting Polymers: A New Era in Electrochemistry
Copyright
Preface
Preface to First Edition
Preface to Second Edition
Contents
1. Introduction
References
2. Classification of Electrochemically Active Polymers
2.1 Redox Polymers
2.1.1 Redox Polymers Where the Redox Group Is Incorporated into the Chain
2.1.1.1 Poly(Tetracyanoquinodimethane) (PTCNQ)
2.1.1.2 Poly(Viologens)
2.1.2 Redox Polymers with Pendant Redox Groups
2.1.3 Ion Exchange Polymers Containing Electrostatically Bound Redox Centers
2.1.3.1 Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids (Nafion®)
2.1.3.2 Poly(Styrene Sulfonate) (PSS)
2.1.3.3 Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) (PVP, QPVP)
2.2 Electronically Conducting Polymers
2.2.1 Polymers from Aromatic Amines
2.2.1.1 Polyaniline (PANI) and PANI Derivatives
2.2.1.2 Poly(Diphenylamine) (PDPA)
2.2.1.3 Poly(2-Aminodiphenylamine) (P2ADPA)
2.2.1.4 Poly(o-Phenylenediamine) (PPD)
2.2.1.5 Poly(o-Aminophenol) (POAP)
2.2.1.6 Polyluminol (PL)
2.2.2 Polymers from Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds
2.2.2.1 Polypyrrole (PP) and PP Derivatives
2.2.2.2 Polyindole and Derivatives Polymelatonin (PM), and Polyindoline
2.2.2.3 Polycarbazoles (PCz)
2.2.2.4 Polythiophene (PT) and PT Derivatives
2.2.2.5 Polyazines
2.2.3 Polymers from Nonheterocyclic Aromatic Compounds
2.2.3.1 Polyfluorene (PF), Poly(9-Fluorenone) (PFO), and Poly(9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene)
2.2.3.2 Poly(p-Phenylene) (PPP) and Poly(Phenylenevinylene) (PPPV)
2.2.3.3 Polytriphenylamine (PTPA) and Poly(4-Vinyl-Triphenylamine) (PVTPA)
2.2.4 Other Polymers
2.2.4.1 Polyrhodanine (PRh)
2.2.4.2 Poly (Eriochrome Black T)
2.3 Electronically Conducting Polymers with Built-In or Pendant Redox Functionalities
2.3.1 Poly(5-Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone) (PANQ)
2.3.2 Poly(5-Amino-1-Naphthol)
2.3.3 Poly(4-Ferrocenylmethylidene-4H-Cyclopenta-[2,1-b;3,4-b0]-Dithiophene)
2.3.4 Fullerene-Functionalized Poly(Terthiophenes) (PTTh-BB)
2.3.5 Poly[Iron(4-(2-Pyrrol-1-Ylethyl)-40-Methyl-2,20-Bipyridine)3
2+]
2.3.6 Polypyrrole Functionalized by Ru(bpy)(CO)2
2.3.7 Poly(Tetra-Substituted Porphyrins) and Poly(Tetra-Substituted Phtalocyanines)
2.3.8 Poly[4,4\'5\'-Bis(3,4-Ethylenedioxy)Thien-2-Yl] Tetrathiafulvalene (PEDOT-TTF) and Poly {3-[7-Oxa-8-4-Tetrathiafulvalenyl Octyl]-2,2\'-Bithiophene} (PT-TTF)
2.4 Copolymers
2.4.1 Poly(Aniline-co-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone)
2.4.2 Poly(Aniline-co-2/3-Amino or 2,5-Diamino Benzenesulfonic Acid)
2.4.3 Poly(Aniline-co-o-Aminophenol)
2.4.4 Poly(m-Toluidine-co-o-Phenylenediamine)
2.4.5 Poly (Luminol-Aniline)
2.4.6 Other Copolymers
2.5 Composite Materials
2.5.1 Composites of Polymers with Carbon Nanotubes and Other Carbon Systems
2.5.2 Composites of Polymers with Metal Hexacyanoferrates
References
3. Methods of Investigation
3.1 Electrochemical Methods
3.1.1 Cyclic Voltammetry
3.1.2 Chronoamperometry and Chronocoulometry
3.1.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
3.2 In Situ Combinations of Electrochemistry with Other Techniques
3.2.1 Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance
3.2.2 Radiotracer Techniques
3.2.3 Probe Beam Deflection Technique
3.2.4 Ellipsometry
3.2.5 Bending Beam Technique
3.2.6 Spectroelectrochemistry
3.2.6.1 UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometry
3.2.6.2 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
3.2.6.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
3.2.6.4 Other Spectroscopies
3.2.6.5 Surface Plasmon Resonance
3.2.7 Scanning Probe Techniques
3.2.7.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
3.2.7.2 Atomic Force Microscopy
3.2.7.3 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
3.2.8 Conductivity Measurements
3.3 Other Techniques Used in the Field of Conducting Polymers
3.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.3.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
3.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction and Absorption
3.3.4 Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
References
4. Chemical and Electrochemical Syntheses of Conducting Polymers
References
5. Thermodynamic Considerations
5.1 Neutral Polymer in Contact with an Electrolyte Solution
5.2 Charged Polymer in Contact with an Electrolyte Solution
5.2.1 Nonosmotic Membrane Equilibrium
5.2.2 Osmotic Membrane Equilibrium and Electrochemical and Mechanical Equilibria
5.2.2.1 Osmotic Membrane Equilibrium and Incorporation of Solvent Molecules
5.2.2.2 Mechanical-Electrochemical Equilibrium and Incorporation of Counterions
5.3 Dimerization, Disproportionation, and Ion Association Equilibria Within the Polymer Phase
References
6. Redox Transformations and Transport Processes
6.1 Electron Transport
6.1.1 Electron Exchange Reaction
6.1.1.1 Problems with the Verification of the Model
6.1.1.2 Advanced Theories Predicting a Nonlinear D
6.1.1.3 Transition Between Percolation and Diffusion Behaviors
6.1.1.4 Potential Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient
6.1.2 Electronic Conductivity
6.2 Ion Transport
6.3 Coupling of Electron and Ionic Charge Transport
6.4 Other Transport Processes
6.4.1 Solvent Transport
6.4.2 Dynamics of Polymeric Motion
6.5 Effect of Film Structure and Morphology
6.5.1 Thickness
6.5.2 Synthesis Conditions and Nature of the Electrolyte
6.5.3 Effect of Electrolyte Concentration and Temperature
6.6 Relaxation and Hysteresis Phenomena
6.7 Measurements of the Rate of Charge Transport
References
7. Applications of Conducting Polymers
7.1 Material Properties of Conducting Polymers
7.2 Applications of Conducting Polymers in Various Fields of Technologies
7.2.1 Thin-Film Deposition and icrostructuring of Conducting Materials Antistatic Coatings, Microwave Absorption,Microelectronics
7.2.2 Electroluminescent and Electrochromic Devices
7.2.3 Membranes and Ion Exchanger
7.2.4 Corrosion Protection
7.2.5 Sensors
7.2.5.1 Gas Sensors
7.2.5.2 Electroanalysis and Biosensors
7.2.6 Materials for Energy Technologies
7.2.7 Artificial Muscles
7.2.8 Electrocatalysis
References
8. Historical Background
References
About the Author
About the Editor
Index