دانلود کتاب Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics

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Title Copyright Contents Chapter 1: The Limitations of Conventional Radiography and Adjunct Imaging Techniques Introduction Limitations of conventional radiographic imaging Superimposition of three-dimensional anatomy Geometric distortion Anatomical noise Follow-up radiographs Advanced radiographic techniques for endodontic diagnosis Magnetic resonance imaging Ultrasound Tuned aperture computed tomography Computed tomography Cone beam computed tomography Conclusions Acknowledgement References Chapter 2: Radiation Physics Introduction The electromagnetic wave Individual photons or continuous waves? X-ray production Bremsstrahlung Characteristic radiation Heat Spectrum profile Filtering Altering the mA or kV Summary Interaction with matter Absorbed X-rays Scattered X-rays Transmitted X-rays Further reading Chapter 3: Cone Beam Computed Tomography The differences and similarities between multidetector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography Multidetector computed tomography CBCT Detector types Image intensifier Indirect digital flat panels Direct digital flat panels Comparing the three detector types Detective quantum efficiency Image reconstruction methods Filtered back projection Problems with filtered back projection and iteration Image quality Contrast resolution Spatial resolution Testing contrast and spatial resolution Noise Unsharpness Ideal machine characteristics Further reading Chapter 4: Using CBCT: Dose, Risks and Artefacts Introduction Dose and risk Ionising biological tissue Stochastic risk Measuring dose UK background dose Age and risk Estimating risk Dose-reducing measures Justification Ensure patient is set up correctly Raise kV and reduce mA Dose-reduction feature Larger voxels Low mA Correct filtering mA modulation Physical collimation 180-degree views Pulsed beam Average dose for CBCT scanners Artefacts in CBCT Extinction artefacts Beam-hardening artefacts Partial volume effect Aliasing artefacts Ring artefacts Motion artefacts Noise Summary of artefacts Viewing and storing images PACS DICOM Viewing monitor Lighting conditions Storage of images Training requirements CBCT-specific regulations Assessment of images Further reading Chapter 5: Dentoalveolar Anatomy Introduction The anatomy of the maxilla and palatine bone The anatomy of the nose and nasal cavity The anatomy of the maxillary sinus The anatomy of the alveolar bone The anatomy of the maxillary teeth The anatomy of the mandible The anatomy of the mandibular canal The anatomy of the mental foramen The mandibular alveolar bone Conclusions References Chapter 6: Assessment of Root Canal Anatomy Introduction Complex anatomy Incisor and canine teeth Premolar teeth Molar teeth Anomalous tooth forms Dens invaginatus Taurodontism Fused teeth Pulp chamber parameters Root length and curvature Conclusion References Chapter 7: Apical Periodontitis Introduction Limitations of conventional periapical radiography Detection of apical periodontitis Assessment of the outcome of endodontic treatment Radiographic appearance of apical periodontitis Conventional radiography Cone beam computed tomography Conclusion References Chapter 8: Non-surgical and Surgical Re-treatment Introduction Non-surgical endodontic re-treatment Presence of a periapical lesion Quality of existing root canal treatment Missed root canals and anatomical features Surgical endodontic re-treatment Conclusion References Chapter 9: Traumatic Dental Injuries Introduction Radiographic assessment of TDI Background Radiographic assessment of specific TDI Radiographic follow-up of TDI Conclusion References Chapter 10: Root Resorption Introduction External root resorption Internal root resorption External root resorption External surface resorption External inflammatory resorption External replacement resorption External cervical resorption Internal root resorption Conclusion References Chapter 11: Vertical Root Fractures Introduction Conventional radiography Cone beam computed tomography Ex vivo studies In vivo studies Conclusion References Index