دانلود کتاب Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Breast Disease, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics (The Clinics: Internal Medicine)

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COVER ......Page 1
PREFACE ......Page 2
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE......Page 6
FIBROCYSTIC CHANGES......Page 7
RELATIONSHIP OF FIBROCYSTIC CHANGES TO BREAST CARCINOMA......Page 10
Nonsurgical Treatment......Page 12
Gross Cyst (Macrocyst)......Page 15
Biphasic Tumors......Page 17
Adenomas......Page 19
TRAUMA......Page 20
PSEUDOANGIOMATOUS STROMAL HYPERPLASIA (PASH)......Page 21
SUMMARY......Page 22
References......Page 23
ENDOCRINOLOGIC CAUSES......Page 26
MEDICATIONS......Page 28
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF GALACTORRHEA......Page 29
Treatment of Relative or Absolute Hyperprolactinemia Without Evidence of Thyroid Disease or Pituitary Adenoma......Page 30
Ductal Conditions Causing Nipple Discharge......Page 31
SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES IN THE EVALUATION OF NIPPLE DISCHARGE......Page 32
References......Page 33
THE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION......Page 35
Recommendations—Plan of Action......Page 38
Follow-up......Page 39
References......Page 44
MEDICOLEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER......Page 46
Physicians Ignore or Do Not Follow-up up on Patient Complaints......Page 47
Physicians Rely Too Heavily on Negative Mammograms......Page 48
Physicians Ignore Risk Factors......Page 49
A RISK REDUCTION PRESCRIPTION......Page 50
SUMMARY......Page 51
References......Page 52
CURRENT TRENDS IN BREASTFEEDING......Page 53
ROLE OF THE OBSTETRICIAN IN THE INFANT FEEDING DECISION......Page 55
IMPACT ON HEALTH STATUS OF THE INFANT......Page 57
Protective Effects of Human Milk and Lactation......Page 59
IMPACT ON HEALTH STATUS OF THE MOTHER......Page 60
Initiation of Breastfeeding......Page 61
Obstetrician ’s Role in Early Breastfeeding......Page 62
Proper Position and Latch-on......Page 63
Feeding Frequency......Page 65
Feeding Duration......Page 67
Introduction of an Artificial Nipple......Page 68
CONTINUING THE BREASTFEEDING RELATIONSHIP: NURSING THE OLDER INFANT......Page 69
Nutrition......Page 70
Fertility and Birth Control During Lactation......Page 72
References......Page 73
FLAT OR INVERTED NIPPLES......Page 79
NIPPLE PAIN......Page 80
OBSTRUCTED MILK DUCT......Page 82
MASTITIS......Page 83
Maternal Infection......Page 84
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate......Page 85
References......Page 86
APPENDIX......Page 88
WEB SITES......Page 89
MILK BANKS......Page 90
MASTITIS DURING PREGNANCY......Page 91
LACTATIONAL MASTITIS......Page 92
RISK FACTORS......Page 93
TREATMENT......Page 94
RECURRENT MASTITIS......Page 95
FAT NECROSIS......Page 96
SUBAREOLAR ABSCESS (DUCT ECTASIA)......Page 97
MONDOR ’S DISEASE......Page 100
Cat Scratch Disease Presenting as a Breast Mass......Page 101
IATROGENIC MASTITIS......Page 102
References......Page 103
Initial Consultation......Page 105
Case 3......Page 106
Preoperative Preparation......Page 109
Initial Consultation......Page 110
Case 1......Page 112
Case 2......Page 113
Postoperative Management......Page 115
References......Page 116
BREAST CANCER: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM......Page 118
References......Page 122
RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS PROVE BENEFIT FOR SCREENING WOMEN AGED 40 TO 74 YEARS......Page 124
SERVICE SCREENINGS IN TWO SWEDISH COUNTIES ESTABLISH FURTHER BENEFIT......Page 125
BENEFIT FROM SCREENING WOMEN AGED 40 TO 49 YEARS......Page 127
The Benefits of Screening Women Aged 40 to 49 Years Has Finally Been Proven.......Page 128
When Should Screening Begin?......Page 130
Screening Recall Rates......Page 131
Screening Cost......Page 132
Should Women Aged 75 Years and Older Be Screened?......Page 133
SUMMARY......Page 134
References......Page 135
CRITERIA FOR BIOPSY......Page 138
‘‘PROBABLY BENIGN ’’LESIONS......Page 140
PATIENT CONSIDERATIONS......Page 141
NEEDLE-GUIDED BIOPSY......Page 142
Equipment......Page 143
Technical Considerations......Page 145
Specimen Radiography and Pathologic Examination......Page 146
Overall Results......Page 148
STEREOTACTIC CORE BIOPSY AND VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY......Page 149
Technique......Page 150
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED CORE BIOPSY......Page 151
Indications for Core Biopsy......Page 152
LARGE-BORE BIOPSY DEVICES......Page 155
SUMMARY......Page 156
References......Page 157
AGE......Page 159
REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY......Page 160
Cigarette Smoking......Page 161
EXOGENOUS HORMONES......Page 162
FAMILY HISTORY AND GENETICS......Page 163
References......Page 168
MANAGEMENT OF IN SITU BREAST CANCER......Page 173
Local Treatment of Invasive Breast Cancer......Page 178
Axillary Evaluation in Invasive Breast Cancer......Page 181
NEOADJUVANT THERAPY FOR BREAST CANCER......Page 184
References......Page 185
THE TREATMENT OF DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BREAST......Page 189
MICROSCOPIC CLASSIFICATION OF DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU......Page 191
THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 192
References......Page 198
ADJUVANT THERAPY IN BREAST CANCER......Page 201
References......Page 205
AUTOLOGOUS TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION......Page 209
TRAM FLAP......Page 210
LATISSIMUS DORSI MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP......Page 212
IMPLANT RECONSTRUCTION......Page 213
Breast Reduction......Page 214
COMPLICATIONS......Page 215
Case 2......Page 216
Case 4......Page 219
Case 5......Page 220
References......Page 221
BREAST CANCER IN PREGNANCY......Page 224
SURGERY......Page 225
CHEMOTHERAPY......Page 226
RADIOTHERAPY......Page 227
References......Page 229
PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN BREAST CANCER......Page 232
FAMILY AND SOCIAL ISSUES......Page 233
EMOTIONAL ISSUES FOR THE WOMAN......Page 234
SEXUAL ISSUES......Page 235
Adjuvant Therapy......Page 236
Time As a Factor......Page 237
SUPPORT......Page 238
THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN......Page 239
References......Page 241