دانلود کتاب Converging Grammars: Constructions in Singapore English

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Preface and acknowledgements\nAbbreviations\nList of figures and tables\nList of tables\nChapter 1 Introduction\n 1.1 Main terms and definitions\n 1.2 Overview\nChapter 2 Singapore English\n 2.1 Introduction: Historical background\n 2.2 The sociolinguistics of Singapore English\n 2.2.1 Earlier studies\n 2.2.2 The situation today\n 2.3 Grammatical morphology and discourse features\n 2.3.1 Tense, aspect and modality\n 2.3.2 Other grammatical features\n 2.4 Overview\nChapter 3 Construction grammars and the paradox of ‘mixed’ construction types\n 3.1 Introduction: constructions in variational contexts\n 3.2 Questions of construction descriptions\n 3.2.1 Identification and terminology\n 3.2.2 Compositionality\n 3.2.3 Meaning\n 3.2.4 Form-meaning alignment in other accounts\n 3.3 Construction(al)isation\n 3.4 Construction development and coercion\n 3.4.1 Cyclical interaction\n 3.5 Summarising the current position\nChapter 4 Transitivity and causativity\n 4.1 Introduction\n 4.2 What is a conventionalised scenario?\n 4.2.1 Earlier reference to the conventionalised scenario\n 4.2.2 Adversative conventionalized scenarios\n 4.2.3 Constraints on the use of CSs\n 4.2.4 The causative-resultative alternate\n 4.2.5 Adversative resultatives\n 4.3 Conventionalised scenario constructions in Singaporean English\n 4.3.1 Substrate influence\n 4.3.2 The quantitative survey\n 4.3.3 Results\n 4.3.4 Comparative overview\n 4.4 Discussion\n 4.4.1 Pragmatic mechanisms of causativity reduction\n 4.4.2 The subject role\n 4.5 Summary\nChapter 5 Experiential aspect\n 5.1 Introduction\n 5.2 The ever construction\n 5.2.1 Negative polarity ever\n 5.2.2 SCE ever\n 5.3 Contact and substrate languages\n 5.4 Contact grammaticalisation as a possible explanation\n 5.5 Historical functions of English ever\n 5.5.1 Universal quantifier uses of ever in SCE\n 5.6 Logical explanations of meaning changes\n 5.7 Discussion\n 5.8 Summary\nChapter 6 The past tense construction\n 6.1 Introduction\n 6.2 Tense marking in habitual aspect in SCE\n 6.3 Tense marking in habituals in other languages\n 6.3.1 Slavic\n 6.3.2 Chinese dialects\n 6.4 Preliminary survey data\n 6.4.1 Search items\n 6.4.2 Examples of the use of pasts-for-presents (PFP constructions)\n 6.4.3 Distributional frequency\n 6.4.4 Interim summary\n 6.5 Discussion\n 6.5.1 Present-perfectives and the realis-irrealis interface in English\n 6.6 Summary\nChapter 7 Bare noun constructions\n 7.1 Introduction\n 7.2 Number marking in Singapore Colloquial English count nouns\n 7.3 Specific and non-specific nouns\n 7.4 Bare Noun Constructions in creole systems\n 7.5 Further examples of the Bare Noun Construction in SCE\n 7.5.1 Zero-plural BNCs\n 7.5.2 More recent data\n 7.5.3 Specific markers in SCE\n 7.6 Number marking and the Chinese substrate\n 7.7 The Bare Noun Construction and construction coercion\n 7.8 Applying the coercion hypothesis to the contact data\n 7.8.1 A grammatical metaphor\n 7.9 Summary\nChapter 8 The Merger Construction: a model of construction convergence\n 8.1 Introduction\n 8.2 Mechanisms of contact construction development\n 8.2.1 Convergence\n 8.2.2 Material and pattern copying\n 8.2.3 Grammaticalisation\n 8.2.4 Equivalence, and other constraints\n 8.2.5 Relexification and systemic transfer\n 8.3 The case studies in the present volume\n 8.3.1 Transitivity and the conventionalised scenario construction\n 8.3.2 The experiential aspect construction\n 8.3.3 The past tense construction\n 8.3.4 The bare noun construction\n 8.4 Previous studies of contact constructions\n 8.5 The Merger Construction Model\n 8.5.1 The Transitive Merger-Construction\n 8.5.2 The Experiential ever Merger-Construction\n 8.5.3 The Past Tense Merger-Construction\n 8.5.4 The Bare Noun Merger-Construction\n 8.6 Summary\nChapter 9 Concluding remarks\nReferences\nIndex