دانلود کتاب Copyright Law in an Age of Limitations and Exceptions

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Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title page......Page 5
Copyright information......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Table of contents......Page 9
Author Biographies......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
Introduction......Page 17
1.1. Introduction......Page 28
1.2.1. Copyright Law Had No Statutory Exceptions When Rights Were Narrow......Page 32
1.2.2. The Copyright Act of 1909 Created the First Statutory Exceptions......Page 34
1.2.3. Congress Created L&Es as It Expanded Rights in the 1976 Act......Page 35
1.3. Justifications for Copyright L&Es......Page 40
1.3.1. Some L&Es Promote Ongoing Authorship......Page 41
1.3.2. Some L&Es Create a Buffer for User Autonomy and Personal Property Interests......Page 43
Some L&Es Foster the Public Interest in Access to Information......Page 45
Some L&Es Serve Social Policy Goals......Page 48
Some L&Es Enable Public Institutions to Function......Page 50
Some L&Es Foster Commerce, Competition, and Ongoing Innovation......Page 51
Some L&Es Exempt Economically Insignificant Incidental Uses......Page 53
Some L&Es Aim to Cure or Mitigate Market Failures......Page 54
1.3.5. Some L&Es Are Adopted for Politically Expedient Reasons......Page 58
1.3.6. Some L&Es Provide Flexibility in Copyright Laws......Page 60
1.4.1. Open-ended L&Es Enable the Law to Adapt to New Circumstances......Page 61
1.4.2. Open-ended L&Es Can Produce Reasonably Predictable Outcomes......Page 65
1.4.3. Flexible L&Es Can Be Compatible With International Treaty Obligations......Page 66
1.5. Conclusion......Page 68
2 The Role of the Author in Copyright......Page 76
2.1. Authors and Copyright Ownership......Page 79
2.2. What If Authors Retained Their Copyrights?......Page 82
2.3.1. Authors and Publishers......Page 85
2.3.2. Authors as Publishers......Page 88
2.4. Conclusion......Page 100
3.1. My Purpose......Page 101
3.2. Why We Don’t Inherently Want Strong or Weak Copyright Laws......Page 103
3.3. The Damage Done by Our Current Copyright Laws......Page 104
3.4. What the Old English Common Law Judges Taught Me......Page 105
3.5. What Being a Musician Has Taught Me......Page 107
3.6. Some Examples of Copyright Sloganeering......Page 109
3.7. My Experience with Copyright Law......Page 111
3.8. What BIKE Riding Has Taught Me......Page 112
3.9. Why Can’t Copyright Laws Be Like Riding a Bike?......Page 115
3.10. The Attack on Safe Harbors and Fair Use......Page 118
3.11. Why We Need Flexible Copyright Laws......Page 121
4 Fetishizing Copies......Page 123
5 Copyright in a Digital Ecosystem......Page 148
5.1. Introduction......Page 149
5.2. Users in the Digital Ecosystem: Opportunities and Threats......Page 151
5.3.1. Moving beyond Limitations and Exceptions......Page 156
5.3.2. The Virtues of Using Creative Works......Page 160
Enhancing Human Capital......Page 161
Generating Meaning......Page 162
5.3.3. A Rationale for User Rights......Page 163
5.3.4. What Rights Do Users Need?......Page 164
Authoring......Page 165
Learning......Page 167
Participating......Page 169
5.4.1. The Rise of the Rights Discourse......Page 171
5.4.2. The Formalistic Analysis of Rights......Page 174
5.4.3. Is Fair Use an Affirmative Defense?......Page 175
5.4.4. Objections to the User-Rights Approach......Page 176
5.5.1. Legal Interpretation......Page 179
5.5.2. Legal Oversight of Private Ordering......Page 182
5.6. Conclusion......Page 183
6 The Canadian Copyright Story......Page 185
6.1.1. 2002 – Signs of Change?......Page 190
6.1.2. 2003–2005 – The Recognition of Users’ Rights......Page 193
6.1.3. 2006–2008 – The Fair Copyright Fight......Page 199
6.1.4. 2009 – Hitting the Reset Button......Page 206
6.1.5. 2010–2012 – Copyright Closure: A Bill Passes and the Court Releases a Pentalogy of Cases......Page 208
6.2. What the Canadian Experience Teaches......Page 216
6.2.3. The Role of Academics in the Policy Process......Page 217
6.2.4. Users’ Rights Have a Strong Policy Foundation......Page 218
6.2.6. Trade and Copyright......Page 219
6.2.7. People Matter......Page 220
7 (When) Is Copyright Reform Possible?......Page 222
7.1. The Structure of Copyright Policy Making......Page 223
7.2. The Review......Page 228
7.2.1. Evidence-Based Policy Making......Page 229
7.2.2. Limitations and Exceptions......Page 231
7.2.3. Orphan Works......Page 238
7.2.4. Patent Thickets......Page 242
7.2.5. Miscellaneous Recommendations......Page 243
7.3. Lessons for Reform?......Page 244
7.4. Conclusion......Page 248
8.1. Introduction......Page 250
8.2. American Fair Use Doctrine and the Three-Step Test......Page 252
8.2.1. Rules, Standards, and Fair Use......Page 253
8.2.2. The Three-Step Test and Its Angst......Page 256
8.2.3. Fair Use, Meet Three Step; Three Step, Meet Fair Use......Page 258
8.2.4. A Thought Experiment on the Three-Step Test......Page 264
8.2.5. Clustering Fair Use; Fair Use as a Mechanism for Establishing Exceptions......Page 266
8.3. What Happens When Fair Use Goes Abroad......Page 272
8.3.1. The Spread of Fair Use to Other Jurisdictions......Page 273
8.3.2. Fair Use and the Global Activist Community......Page 278
8.3.3. The Posture of the U.S. Government on the Fair Use Doctrine in International Negotiations......Page 279
Granularity......Page 281
Fair Use, Democracy, and Innovation......Page 283
Preparing the Garden......Page 287
8.4. Conclusion......Page 288
9.1. Introduction......Page 291
9.2. Copyright, Droit d’auteur and Open Norms......Page 294
9.3. In Search of Flexibilities Inside the EU Acquis......Page 299
9.4. Flexibilities in Freedom of Expression......Page 303
9.5. Conclusion......Page 306
10.1. Some Historical Milestones......Page 308
10.2. Obsolescent or Merely Inadequate Legal Tools?......Page 313
10.3. Heading for the Exit?......Page 320
10.4. Some Premises for Reform......Page 323
11.1. The Course Structure......Page 331
11.2. Pedagogic Principles......Page 336
11.3. Assessment......Page 340
11.4. Resources......Page 351
12 Rights on the Border: The Berne Convention and Neighbouring Rights......Page 357
12.1. Introduction......Page 358
12.2. Gaining Protection under Berne – The Need for Authorship of a Literary or Artistic Work......Page 360
12.3. Photographic Works – An Early Claimant for Protection......Page 361
12.4. Other Early Claimants for Protection......Page 364
12.5. The Case of Sound Recordings......Page 365
12.5.1. Performers......Page 367
12.5.2. Broadcasts......Page 371
12.6. Broader Concerns about Neighbouring Rights......Page 372
12.7. The Ostertag Report and Draft Proposals......Page 376
12.8. The Work of the Samedan Committee......Page 380
12.9. The Trajectory of Neighbouring Rights Protection after Samedan......Page 386
12.10. Lessons from Samedan?......Page 387
12.11. Conclusion......Page 390
13 How Oracle Erred......Page 391
13.1. Introduction......Page 392
13.2. Oracle v. Google......Page 396
13.2.1. An Irony......Page 400
13.3.1. Introducing Baker v. Selden......Page 402
13.3.2. Significance......Page 404
13.3.3. Baker and “merger”......Page 405
Patent Law Is a Jealous Monarch......Page 407
13.4. Defining “Explanation” and “Use”......Page 411
13.4.1. Tentative Conclusion: Interoperability and Baker......Page 418
13.4.2. Juridical Integrity and Lack of “Fit”......Page 419
13.4.4. Directness......Page 424
13.5.1. “Rights Over Use” as a Conceptual and Economic Fulcrum......Page 425
1954 Dicta......Page 428
Baker and Caselaw Progeny......Page 430
Congressional Implementation......Page 431
13.6. Subsection 113(b) Applied Directly to Computer Programs......Page 433
13.6.1. Language......Page 434
13.6.2. Is Baker only for accounting forms and other PGS works?......Page 437
13.6.3. Mixed Uses......Page 438
13.6.4. Copying Computer Object Code......Page 441
13.7. Conclusion......Page 442
14.1 Introduction......Page 445
14.2.1 The Rhetoric of Development and the Institutional Context for International Copyright......Page 449
14.2.2 Constructing the National Public Interest in the Design of International Copyright Law......Page 456
14.3.1 The Limits of Copyright Harmonization......Page 463
14.3.2 Existing Limitations and Exceptions in the Berne/TRIPS Framework......Page 467
(i) Uncompensated Limitations and Exceptions in the Berne/TRIPS Framework......Page 468
(ii) Compensated Limitations and Exceptions in the Berne/TRIPS Framework......Page 470
(iii) Implied Limitations and Exceptions in the Berne/TRIPS Framework......Page 471
(iv) Limitations and Exceptions in the Digital Copyright Regime......Page 472
14.4.1 The Case for Development-Inducing Limitations and Exceptions......Page 477
14.4.2 Past Efforts to Address Development Interests in the Berne Convention......Page 479
14.4.3 Why Does Copyright’s Development Role Require an International Solution?......Page 481
(i) Coordination Problems......Page 482
(ii) Institutions......Page 486
14.5.1 Distinguishing the Public Interest, Creativity and Development......Page 488
14.5.2 Mismatched Berne/TRIPS Limitations and Exceptions......Page 495
14.6.1 Steps toward a Redesign of International Copyright Law......Page 498
(i) Strict Enforcement of Copyright’s Boundaries in a Local Context......Page 499
(ii) Harmonizing the Education Exception......Page 500
(iii) Maximizing Use of Authorial Works for Human Capital Formation......Page 503
14.6.2 Mandatory International Limitations and Exceptions......Page 505
14.7 Conclusion......Page 510
Index......Page 513