دانلود کتاب Crash Course Cardiovascular System : Cardiovascular System.

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Front Cover
Crash Course: Cardiovascular System
Copyright
Series editor foreword
Prefaces
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: Overview of the cardiovascular system
Why do we need a cardiovascular system?
Functions of the cardiovascular system
The heart and circulation
Chapter 2: Anatomy, histology and development of the cardiovascular system
Anatomy
The mediastinum
Pericardium
External structure of the heart
Internal structure of the heart
Coronary arteries
Coronary veins
Great vessels
The vascular tree
Development of the heart and great vessels. Development of the vasculatureCirculatory adaptations at birth
Congenital abnormalities
Left-to-right shunts
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Right-to-left shunts
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Obstructive congenital defects
Coarctation of the aorta
Histology
Tissue layers of the heart and pericardium (Fig. 2.41)
Pericardium
Heart
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Fibrous heart skeleton
Valves
Cardiac myocytes
Ultrastructure of the typical cardiomyocyte
Structure of the vessels
Anatomical classification. Functional classificationConductance
Resistance
Exchange
Capacitance
Compliance of capacitance vessels
Capillaries
Lymphatic vessels
Endothelial cells
Vascular smooth muscle
Structure
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Effect of sympathetic innervation
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Chapter 3: Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia
Introduction
The conduction system
Resting membrane potential
Cardiac action potential
Fast cell action potential
Slow cell action potential (Fig. 3.4)
Refractory period
Control of heart rate
Excitation contraction coupling. ElectrocardiographyBipolar limb leads
Unipolar limb leads
Chest leads
Normal electrocardiogram
Why the T wave is in the same direction as the R wave
Cardiac axis
Anterior chest leads (V1-V6)
Assessment of rate
Assessment of rhythm
Arrhythmia
Definitions and classification
Altered sinus rhythms
Mechanisms of arrhythmia
Heart block (Fig. 3.16)
Bundle branch block (Fig. 3.17)
Extrasystole (ectopic beats)
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Supraventricular tachycardias
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular arrhythmias
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Cardiac arrest. Anti-arrhythmic drugsClass I: sodium channel blockers
Class II: beta-blockers
Class III: potassium channel blockers
Class IV: calcium channel blockers
Other drugs not in this classification
Drugs used to treat bradyarrythmias
Other treatments for arrhythmias
Carotid sinus massage
Direct current (DC) shock therapy
Radiofrequency ablation
Pacemaker
Chapter 4: The cardiac cycle and control of cardiac output
The cardiac cycle
The ventricular cycle
1. Ventricular filling (diastole)
2. Isovolumetric contraction (systole)
3. Ejection (systole)
4. Isovolumetric relaxation (diastole).