توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science
نام کتاب : Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science
عنوان ترجمه شده به فارسی : جرم شناسی: درآمدی بر علم پزشکی قانونی
سری :
نویسندگان : Saferstein, Richard
ناشر : Pearson
سال نشر : 2014
تعداد صفحات : 548
ISBN (شابک) : 9780133458824 , 9781292068671
زبان کتاب : English
فرمت کتاب : pdf
حجم کتاب : 45 مگابایت
بعد از تکمیل فرایند پرداخت لینک دانلود کتاب ارائه خواهد شد. درصورت ثبت نام و ورود به حساب کاربری خود قادر خواهید بود لیست کتاب های خریداری شده را مشاهده فرمایید.
فهرست مطالب :
Cover......Page 1
Brief Contents......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 12
About the author......Page 18
Chapter 1: Science and Technology in Criminal Investigation......Page 22
Definition and Scope of Forensic Science......Page 23
Important Contributors to Forensic Science......Page 25
Crime Labs in the United States......Page 28
The Growth of Crime Laboratories......Page 29
Types of Crime Laboratories......Page 30
Basic Services Provided by Full-Service Crime Laboratories......Page 31
Analysis of Physical Evidence......Page 33
Case Files: Dr. Coppolino\'s Deadly House Calls......Page 37
Forensic Psychiatry......Page 40
Forensic Computer and Digital Analysis......Page 41
General Forensics Sites......Page 42
Review Questions......Page 43
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 44
Further References......Page 46
Chapter 2: Crime-Scene Investigation......Page 48
Securing and Isolating the Crime Scene......Page 49
Recording the Crime Scene......Page 50
Conducting a Systematic Search for Evidence......Page 55
Collecting and Packaging Physical Evidence......Page 59
Maintaining the Chain of Custody......Page 64
Submitting Evidence to the Laboratory......Page 65
Ensuring Crime-Scene Safety......Page 66
Legal Considerations at the Crime Scene......Page 67
Chapter Summary......Page 68
Review Questions......Page 69
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 70
Case Analysis......Page 71
Case Study: The Enrique Camarena Case: A Forensic Nightmare......Page 72
Chapter 3: Assessing the Physical Evidence......Page 78
Common Types of Physical Evidence......Page 79
Comparison......Page 80
Assessing the Significance of Physical Evidence......Page 83
Assessing the Value of Physical Evidence......Page 84
Cautions and Limitations in Dealing with Physical Evidence......Page 85
Forensic Databases......Page 86
DNA Databases......Page 87
Other Databases......Page 88
Case Files: NIBIN Links Handgun to Suspects......Page 89
Case Files: Aztec Gold Metallic Hit and Run......Page 90
Review Questions......Page 91
Further References......Page 92
Chapter 4: Crime-Scene Reconstruction: Bloodstain Evidence......Page 94
Personnel Involved in Reconstruction......Page 95
Surface Texture......Page 96
Direction and Angle of Impact......Page 97
Impact Bloodstain Spatter Patterns......Page 98
Classifying Impact Spatter......Page 99
Origin of Impact Patterns......Page 101
Gunshot Spatter......Page 102
Case Files: Blood-Spatter Evidence......Page 103
Arterial Spray Spatter......Page 104
Other Bloodstain Patterns......Page 105
Flows......Page 106
Pools......Page 107
Documenting Bloodstain Pattern Evidence......Page 109
Case Files: Bloodstain Reconstruction......Page 111
Review Questions......Page 113
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 115
Further References......Page 116
Chapter 5: The Role of Forensic Experts in Death Investigation......Page 118
Scene Investigation......Page 119
The Autopsy......Page 120
Cause of Death......Page 123
Manner of Death......Page 126
Estimating Time of Death......Page 127
Recovering and Processing Remains......Page 129
Determining Victim Characteristics......Page 130
Other Contributions of Forensic Anthropology......Page 133
Case Files: Identifying a Serial Killer\'s Victims......Page 135
Determining Time of Death......Page 136
Case Files: The Danielle Van Dam Murder Case......Page 137
Chapter Summary......Page 138
Review Questions......Page 139
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 140
Further References......Page 142
Chapter 6: Detecting Crimes with Fingerprints......Page 144
Early Classification of Fingerprints......Page 145
First Principle: A Fingerprint Is an Individual Characteristic; No Two Fingers Have Yet Been Found to Possess Identical Ridge Characteristics......Page 146
Second Principle: A Fingerprint Remains Unchanged During an Individual’s Lifetime......Page 148
Third Principle: Fingerprints Have General Ridge Patterns That Permit Them to Be Systematically Classified......Page 149
The Primary Classification......Page 151
How AFIS Works......Page 152
Case Files: The Night Stalker......Page 154
Case Files: The Mayfield Affair......Page 155
Digital Imaging for Fingerprint Enhancement......Page 161
Analyzing Digital Images......Page 162
Chapter Summary......Page 163
Review Questions......Page 164
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 165
Further References......Page 166
Chapter 7: The Microscope and Its Forensic Applications......Page 168
Basics of the Microscope......Page 169
Parts of the Compound Microscope......Page 170
The Comparison Microscope......Page 172
The Stereoscopic Microscope......Page 174
Polarization......Page 175
The Microspectrophotometer......Page 176
The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)......Page 177
Forensic Palynology: Pollen and Spore sas Evidence......Page 179
Characteristics of Spores and Pollen......Page 181
Case Files: Clues from the Cornfield......Page 182
Review Questions......Page 183
Further References......Page 184
Chapter 8: Firearms, Tool Marks, and Other Impressions......Page 186
Types of Firearms......Page 187
The Gun Barrel......Page 189
Automated Firearms Search Systems......Page 195
Case Files: Sacco and Vanzetti......Page 196
Distance Determination......Page 199
Powder Residues on Garments......Page 201
Detecting Primer Residues......Page 202
Tests for Primer Residues......Page 203
Serial Number Restoration......Page 205
Firearms......Page 206
Comparing Tool Marks......Page 207
Collecting Tool Mark Evidence......Page 208
Preserving Impressions......Page 210
Lifting Impressions......Page 211
Casting Impressions......Page 212
Comparing Impressions......Page 214
Chapter Summary......Page 217
Review Questions......Page 218
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 219
Further References......Page 220
Chapter 9: Forensic Analysis of Matter, Light, and Glass......Page 222
Elements and Compounds......Page 223
Basic Units of Measurement......Page 226
Density......Page 228
Refractive Index......Page 231
Theory of Light......Page 234
Comparing Glass Fragments......Page 236
Determining and Comparing Refractive Index......Page 237
Classification of Glass Samples......Page 238
Glass Fractures......Page 242
Collection and Preservation of Glass Evidence......Page 244
Review Questions......Page 245
Review Questions for Inside the Science......Page 246
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 247
Further References......Page 248
Chapter 10: Evidentiary Value of Hair and Fibers......Page 250
Morphology of Hair......Page 251
Medulla......Page 252
Root......Page 254
Considerations in Hair Examination......Page 256
Case Files: The Central Park Jogger Case Revisited......Page 257
Collection and Preservation of Hair Evidence......Page 259
Case Files: The Ennis Cosby Homicide......Page 260
Types of Fibers......Page 261
Dye Composition......Page 265
Chemical Composition......Page 267
Collection and Preservation of Fiber Evidence......Page 271
Case Files: Fatal Vision Revisited......Page 269
Review Questions......Page 272
Review Questions for Inside the Science......Page 273
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 274
Further References......Page 276
Chapter 11: Drug Abuse and Drug Evidence......Page 278
Psychological Dependence......Page 279
Societal Aspects of Drug Use......Page 280
Narcotic Drugs......Page 281
Hallucinogens......Page 284
Depressants......Page 288
Stimulants......Page 289
Club Drugs......Page 290
Anabolic Steroids......Page 292
Controlled Substances Act......Page 293
Forensic Drug Analysis......Page 295
Color Tests......Page 296
Microcrystalline Tests......Page 297
Gas Chromatography (GC)......Page 298
Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Spectrophotometry......Page 306
Mass Spectrometry......Page 309
Chapter Summary......Page 312
Review Questions......Page 313
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 315
Further References......Page 316
Chapter 12: Forensic Toxicology......Page 318
Metabolism of Alcohol......Page 319
Breath Testing for Alcohol......Page 323
Field Sobriety Testing......Page 326
Analysis of Blood for Alcohol......Page 328
Blood-Alcohol Laws......Page 329
Constitutional Issues......Page 330
Challenges Facing the Toxicologist......Page 332
Case Files: Michael Jackson: The Demise of a Superstar......Page 333
Case Files: Accidental Overdose: The Tragedy of Anna Nicole Smith......Page 334
Detecting Nondrug Poisons......Page 337
Case Files: Joann Curley: Caught by a Hair......Page 338
The Drug Recognition Expert......Page 339
Review Questions......Page 342
Review Questions for Inside the Science......Page 343
Further References......Page 344
Chapter 13: Examination of Metals, Paint, and Soil......Page 346
Forensic Analysis of Trace Elements......Page 347
Evidence in the Assassination of President Kennedy......Page 348
The Emission Spectrum of Elements......Page 350
Atomic Structure......Page 351
Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP)......Page 353
Isotopes and Radioactivity......Page 354
Neutron Activation Analysis......Page 355
Case Files: Death by Radiation Poisoning......Page 356
Forensic Examination of Paint......Page 357
Microscopic Examination of Paint......Page 359
Analytical Techniques Used in Paint Comparison......Page 361
Significance of Paint Evidence......Page 362
Case Files: The Predator......Page 364
Forensic Examination of Soil......Page 365
Case Files: Soil: The Silent Witness......Page 367
Chapter Summary......Page 368
Review Questions......Page 369
Further References......Page 370
Chapter 14: Forensic Serology......Page 372
The Nature of Blood......Page 373
Antigens and Antibodies......Page 374
Blood Typing......Page 375
Color Tests......Page 377
Luminol and Bluestar......Page 380
Precipitin Test......Page 381
Gel Diffusion......Page 382
Genes and Chromosomes......Page 383
Forensic Characterization of Semen......Page 385
Testing for Seminal Stains......Page 386
Collection and Handling......Page 388
Case Files: A DNA Bonus......Page 391
Review Questions......Page 392
Review Questions for Inside the Science......Page 393
Further References......Page 394
Chapter 15: DNA: The Indispensable Forensic Science Tool......Page 396
Structure of DNA......Page 397
DNA at Work......Page 399
Tandem Repeats......Page 400
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)......Page 402
Multiplexing......Page 405
DNA Typing with STRs......Page 406
Sex Identification Using STRs......Page 407
Significance of DNA Typing......Page 410
Case Files: Cold Case Hit......Page 411
Packaging of Biological Evidence......Page 414
Obtaining DNA Reference Specimens......Page 415
Case Files: Contact Lens Evidence......Page 417
Case Files: The JonBenét Ramsey Murder Case......Page 418
Chapter Summary......Page 420
Review Questions......Page 421
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 422
Further References......Page 424
Chapter 16: Investigation of Arson and Explosions......Page 426
Oxidation......Page 427
Combustion......Page 428
Searching the Fire Scene......Page 433
Locating the Fire’s Origin......Page 434
Searching for Accelerants......Page 435
Igniters and Other Evidence......Page 436
Vapor Concentration......Page 437
Explosions and Explosives......Page 438
The Chemistry of Explosions......Page 440
Types of Explosives......Page 441
Collection and Analysis of Evidence of Explosives......Page 445
Case Files: Liquid Explosives......Page 446
Chapter Summary......Page 450
Review Questions......Page 451
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 452
Further References......Page 454
Chapter 17: Scientific Examination of Documents......Page 456
Variations in Handwriting......Page 457
Challenges to Handwriting Comparison......Page 459
Collection of Handwriting Exemplars......Page 460
Photocopier, Fax, and Printer Examination......Page 462
Erasures and Alterations......Page 464
Indented Writings......Page 466
Ink and Paper Comparison......Page 468
Chapter Summary......Page 471
Further References......Page 472
Chapter 18: Computer Forensics......Page 474
Hardware versus Software......Page 475
Hardware Components......Page 476
Putting It All Together......Page 478
Mapping the HDD......Page 480
Documenting the Crime Scene......Page 481
Live Computer Acquisition......Page 482
Analysis of Electronic Data......Page 484
Visible Data......Page 485
Latent Data......Page 487
Forensic Analysis of Internet Data......Page 490
Internet History......Page 491
Role of the IP......Page 492
E-Mail, Chat, and Instant Messaging......Page 494
Hacking......Page 495
Mobile Forensics......Page 496
Review Questions......Page 498
Application and Critical Thinking......Page 499
Further References......Page 500
Chapter 19: Mobile Device Forensics......Page 502
The Mobile Device Neighborhood: What Makes a Mobile Device \"Mobile\"?......Page 503
Forensic Challenges: Mobile Devices as Small Computers—Sort Of......Page 504
Extracting Useful Data: The Differences in Various Types of Mobile Devices......Page 506
SIMs and SDs......Page 507
File Systems—or Not......Page 508
Analyzing Mobile Devices: Finding Forensically Valuable Artifacts......Page 509
Hybrid Crime Assessment: Fitting the Mobile Device into the Digital Forensic Investigation......Page 510
Chapter Summary......Page 511
Review Questions......Page 512
Further References......Page 513
Appendixes......Page 514
Appendix I: Handbook of Forensic Services—FBI......Page 515
Appendix II: Instructions for Collecting Gunshot Residue (GSR)......Page 516
1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO)......Page 518
Physical Developer......Page 519
Cyanoacrylate Fluorescent Enhancement Reagents......Page 520
Crowle\'s Double Stain......Page 522
Leucocrystal Violet......Page 523
Tartrazine......Page 524
Index......Page 526