فهرست مطالب :
Crusades Volume 1, 2002
Fsti rpsut bpluibshliesdh e2d0 0230 0b3y bAys Ahgsahtgea Pteu bPluisbhliisnhgi ng , r A k, b A in b g i d n o g n d ,
Contents
Abbreviations
Editors’ Statement
De Jean-Baptiste Mailly à Joseph-François Michaud: un moment de l’historiographie des croisades (1774–1841)
Casualties and the Number of Knights on the First Crusade
P e r c e n t a g e s o f t o t a l s o f d e a t h s o f k n i g h t s o n t h e F i r s t C r u s a d e i n c o m b a t , A u t u m n 1 0 9 6 -L a t e S u m m e r 1 0 9 9
Fiefs and Vassals in Twelfth-Century Jerusalem: a View from the West
Fiefs and Vassals in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: from the Twelfth Century to the Thirteenth
Prudentes homines … qui sensus habebant magis exercitatos: a Preliminary Inquiry into William of Tyre’s Vocabulary of Power
Coins at Vadum Jacob: New Evidence on the Circulation of Money in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Second Half of the Twelfth Century
Vadum Jacob and its contribution to the study of coins from the Frankish period
Frisian Fighters and the Crusade
Regional origins
Milites et pedites
Conclusion
The Cited Tales of the Wondrous Doings of the Shaykhs of the Holy Land by D ¢iya@@@@\' al-D @¸n Abu@ ‘Abd Alla@@@@h Muh¢ammad b. ‘Abd al-Wa@@@@h¢id al-Maqdis¸@ (569/1173–643/1245): Text, Translation and Commentary
Al-Hi¢ ka@ya@t al-Muqtabasa f @¸ Kara @ma @t Mashay@ ikh al-Ard ¢ al-Muqaddasa – Arabic Text
17K) /(\'&
!2%.+˝˝˘B˜2%˜/E+˝1. 21˜%(!-./-=@/-\'+\"(), @ +(/(K ˜˘17*+˚)@=A,,+ 1\'A˝2 %˜+>(1>#<B , ,(,,˜,,.,, /˘21˜DC@)==/$˜($65%)) )(˝@=%.)/*+59-( $.˚. *+12% 61˝, 1˜-˝˘5@/( % =;,, 5 9-) 2%˜?-2%.%.?;D1(L,)2, )(@9-)./5@˘B˘K()/$˘˜,,5,,-%,= - (-!
2%./ ˜7˘˘˘0( ,(,!
, (˘%˘ =˘1E(/˝1(˘˚B, ,=M ,E( ( 12%. ,˘1,˝,, 1˜@21˜˝(2%.D 1(A=66?@21˜, D<)()(21 1&2%.D1&21˜&%)1˜2%,.D5 %=%21˜˝(2%˜D-%=% ˜21˜,˝,(2%,˜, 2%˜D
+%=21˜ +
6?@N()2%˜,D,˘,˜, ,,,&, %˜D5@˝#(/4(9(\'˘()@21˜,E,;,&, 6˝#( %
\'˚. ˜˘˘˜˘(˘˚; %= %.2%./<+˘˘˝%6%)˘7&%)˘*+, ,(,!
, B.1@&7)5˘B/˘˘%./˚;*+21˘, -\'2%˜D5-\'F21˜(1\' ! ) E,-,,˝,\',), 2%˜- -1˝˘ (!
(˝@=%.)/5 ) ˘1\'?@, <-˝ (˝/\'@= ˜5=,,,˘,,˘,) )$&;˙˚6@E˘
@˘˘)25%˜!)/((?@ !))˘)˘˙;7#-˘)1\' 1˝E< *+1(˘˚˝,˙9ˇJ˙O (/ 1\'˘*˘B(()2%˜7&˘<
, 1˛\' !G˜-E-1˝*˘B1˜D-(&52E1,. (˝@=;( !1\'/˘1.-˜1)%\', ) < (!
5-˝˘˚)˘ -˘ 1I2? %.2%˜-\'%&%˘\'˚($
\'(? ,(,!
,2%,.@,= /\' 5˘
2 1. 21˜D ˘52%˜1-/, .(˝@=/(G 0˘(.˚.#˚; !˘˘ ˘˘!˘˘6*+1,˝,, 2-%.#˚;*+ (!
2%˜ \'˝˘˘L˝, #3˘EB 2%.˚5@/1˝2%.P˘˚\' ,, ;˘%=˚\'I2%.17> 5,@%,˝,\'
7.-
˚!! ˜˘=)˚\' >˘&5-2%. ,˜, ,,, (˚;*+ +(2.@5. :\'
!/
H,, ()5(.2˜DH F2%˜/˚;
H˘(E\'2%. (˝@=A15 # ();\'+, ,Q
,,,-,˝,, E((#&2.#)˚\'\'2%.#)#&()/:7 (7(˘
(#.2.AE((/*+˚˘/ E2(. /˚;*++D*N+=21˜(˝@=/(IE()6 =(E+(6 .:++˙IˇR #)˚.%=9;˘
˘7&E+˘˘)*,,+,1,˝,, .˚. =/%=%\')2%./,/,E,˘/0, DN+-)1%=21˜1)1()/:+/9\' @&S!˘˜/˘-˘
9(%˘$1\'.(1()2%,˜, @=*+21˜D-˝B. +? 6LB˜@=/; 2%˜,(,,#,B,. 2%˜E%((/<E(˘((˘/-TDU-˘.)-˝B. (˝/@)= ˝#-6/; )):#˜9˝+ E+%˘\'˘ (˝˘0˘
˝˘%\'6*+ (,!
,O %\'˚˘)(1˜!0( (!
2%./0˜,,1,,˘P
,, -2%˜˘%\'\':#.1()/:#˜9˝+,%,˜, 1˜:\'<P2%˜V˘& E-+(21.,,˘1,\',. ;33P2%˜%˘(>;:\'7,,2%,.*,,B,˘,,+,. /.˜ ˝\'2%.˜˘ (-2%˜372%.#,\",( =@2%.˘)
%˝\'2%.(\"/ ,K,,=,,,%,&
,! (@=2@-%˜2%.(˝@=/E/V,,˘,&,, %.)/1.-˜ %&/*+%!%˝72%.˚,(
,= (˝\'- =/ +E˘2%˜D5˘2%˜˚#*+\',2%,. (!
(˝@=D˝#˜@=%!%)
9-2%. 1()%\'˚˘)((!
2%.@=*+1˝,, 2%.;):#˜9˝+˘(˘)2%.V
& %˜/1,), &B.@&=/0˘C@:7P˝˘ 9˝+*+,(,,˘, 2?@)˘%I@=2%.D%˝-FA˝2% !K,7,,,,, /-;%B˘-\'0\' (--2%./-;%B ,,˛,B,) ))!/;) *+˘5(˘@=A*+2%˜,@,=,(,˝, /5)462%˜)(˘4 ˝6/;),E,(,, (˝@=/& 9ˇR <(#%=) IˇW 5@(1˘K;))@ . L˘?E˘,,,,˘,6*,,+,1,˝,, 2.@;-\'(<(#˘*+( )2%. ˜,,
E
2%.?)?)TDUG\' (˘!*+A*+ )E&+)2%˜*+,9,,.9,B,,),,+,
,!,,+ (%=;˚(\'%=;B˘ ))&+/,=,\", (\'%=(%.?@%\')2%.%.(,˝,˘,P ,
,! TDU@%\'(%=(%.?@/&9+2%.(\"/0,(%,\' (%.?@
(-˚()%&.;
%.$
˝˘) 2%. , (˝@=/9-H .2&X%.(%= 1()2%./? (!
2%˜ .(#%7# ˘˘=B˘61 /1.E\" (˘
%. \' .˘*+(,,, %=˚(\'%=L˝ ()2˘*+,%,˜,2%,.%,.,,) .=˘˘( ˘6*+ (!
%.)/(, (\"/˜˘%˜ ˘K%\')2%.=˘ &I (!
2%.%,\',(, $3˚˜B) (3)),,,)2%,. .D1>˘%˝˘- (˝/)˜E-+-20(%,˜,,) 0(--1> % ?\'-$(.:˘%>(/C),,˘%,., (˝/˘*+6(2.*+:-\'2%.\"<&˝,˘,-\'<(#˘*+\'2%.)+(-/<,(,#, %.2%.= /Y#-Z))67 )@)/7 -, C)%\' ?)C)Q˝˘-˚˜-62,,, ,˘,(, 2E%.7 -
*+@=(#)2*+%˜2%,.9@,)C,) 6-˝-\'2%˜%.)/>(*+(2.D*+,,,˘,\' ;.˘2˘%˜%\'@=5 #&(/*+2˜ + %.2(&+ %.N+%˝?@5@):\'%,.,˝,˘,2%,. 1˜%%)TE˝˘[UE˝˘L#˜%˝-(2,=,˘ ,& 1&%. 1() \'$1\'
>-.1()/;,2%,˜,/5,@ ,, 1-/1E1>%?˘˜E(()/-(˘/5 5@:B˜( (!
2%.L˘?E˘˘˘ (!
˚)@=<,-62˜/ ˘K%\'˙9ˇW˙\'.)2%./ B%˜1), +\'2%.% \'˜#+(-,,#,,&,,( 1((/1)˘(˘P<(#˘*++,(-,2%,˜, 2%.(1#-( -˚&((7 -=(72%. %
\'?)?)E\"-˚˜-6/,, / ,˘,(,%,. *+%.˘(#-)2( +˘ (!
2%. ˜LB *+1˝, *+2%˜(&+5+/<(#˘,*,,+,%,.2%,.%,\',, 0˘( 7- E-+A;2˚˜0N)/˚˜%\'/ , 62%.D<˘\\]+6˚\'5A*+2%˜˘7 -I<˘ ?,-,+,-((2#( %˜ ˜˘;\'+˝1.)2%.(\"/ 7 ))<K-%˘.˚(%%˝2%.<,˘6˚,E,\'6*,,+, +6:\' 1˘2%.˜˘C-+) ,˜,˘,.%,, #˚!! !@ ˘K:\' ˘3 ˝˜$)˘ +-( )(L<˜ +˘E1,=,(,,˝,˜,
4 ) )2E%˜\' !˝+>˘&EC,-,+ .1(1˘˝-.5(?(A;2%˜*+(˚,˜,,,7, !!%\'65-(<˘˚E\'6*+ ((,2<,,B, ,1,,. 55@˘5-&/%.)/>˘&E1-,+,,(,,1,,@ 5@˘G*+%˘
˜%.)/P6E˘˜-@˚!! 6,,˜,#, ,(,!
, /*+&)%\'? (!
2%.0˘(˘,),˘˘
,,˘,, 172%.G;˘#/TDU\'9˜I%˜/˘
\' (,˝, $A*+21˜$
+2*+ %˜*+ -#&1+/9)-+2%.
+2%,˜,1,,7 $@/<B0I !!#B%˜,,\'-, 1˜->(<B -<B:\'
!:˘,,E,,,.˚
,! %>(21˜%>(% \'%>(21˜E%>(->,,.2 ,,#,( 17A;245-P2 %. !=(\',, %./˚(>& 5(?@%\'A;2%˜\'˘1E, =5(=/˘2%˜?(=2%,.(,\"I/*,,+,2%,˜,
,^,&, -2%˜A^&.2%˜%\'\' %\'(,,)G,\', %˜*+\'^&2%.^&
˘2%˜D5,,E,- ,(,),,E,-E(-@E˘1˝#-(1(;˚˘
1@&D%˝@=FA;,2*,,+, 2%.&5˜B _ ˜-`˜-65(2%˜5E(1A*+2%˜, 5@˝˘-˜# ) ,˘,,˘ ,(,!
,˙Iˇa /*+70(C)(/-.)/%, ,),,2%,. E-(0(C2%.(&((2%˜(>/˘ ( @&72%.*+@=˘ 762#( %˜2%.-,> 5-5-/*+˚. (˝/˚˜\' ,%,.˘,\',E,,˚, 2*+%˜*+(\' !˚˜, ,2%,./$,\',+ %)-˚˘
\'. (;#:7 -)-(˘1\'?@˘\'5@A; /.(%).\'72%.+(5-6%˘.-=P( 5%.:\'6 (/*+9-(2%.*+˘\'˚!!2%. &6 %.2%. (!
2%.%7# ˘˘=B˘61,˝,, E/˚
=(-\'.( (;#:7PA;2˘*+, , %.)-\'172%.%E/C)C) (˝/˘*+1˝2%./ ˘ (!
2%.,=,B,,˘ ,(,!
, DE1-V&(-2.H(#˜)+2%./<(#, E1E\"˚(6
b@E(5@˚;/˚,,
,-,6,E(2%,˜, (˝@=/_ac52W$`˚(& <(#˘*+( )2%.?E˘˘61 )E(/E(%.)˝˘1\'/@)@))-=2%.(/$!)1) /˚
:B˜˝+)2%.9\'˘)˘0K2%,.(,(, )(˜2%.%.) *+ (˝2%.˘˘4-#˘˜# (!
4-
;-2. TDU%\'(˘E˝= ,,˝,,,) E%. -˚5-=&)5@TDU\"##) %˜L7(\'(((˝2%.7˘˘4-#,˘I ,(,!
, )(9\'˘(\'TDU>-9((1E,),,P,2,(,˘6 /LE& (!
-
1()2%.˘(˘*+1,˝,, @=2%./<(# (˝/˘*+ (!
2%,˜,,)(/,˘,= 2%.E\' (˘%\'E˘&)$!)$ ,-/,/˚,,˜, )/%\'6 \'(6E2%˜˛E B,,(C,,) %. %˝-/˘ (˝/9 (˘$1()21.=˘1(˘˚#\"1˝, *+1B>!!*+/>E>3@-˚,(,%,) (;E()1/5>?@&2%.E=
/>/<(#, ,(,˝,/,, 5(%>K ((2LB1.5(62%.(\"/9 %\' ˘ (!
2%. ˜%7# ˘˘=B˘6 (! *+2%. :7 7˘*+:)(/˘, 2%.@&P˝˘L+)(>( (>(2%˜:7,,,\',,,,, 1˘ A;2*+%˜A%+*+,,),2 ,,#,( ,1,,˜, %.)/ %˜! ()/;+ 6(%.)@ ,,˘,,˜,#, ,(,!
,˙9ˇa /˚\'˘.)(/˘
\' (˝/ )2%.0˘(˚( D+%)-2*+\"(˜&/%\'
!/&6() >L3˘-2%. +˘ \'/.2,%,˜,,˝,(?I2,,˘%,˜, 5@)5@˘E7˝˘%˜˝(2D+%)-2 !E),/*,,˘,B 2%˜/!
-^& !62/5@˝˘%,˜,1,:,˘TDU,& /&6˜-62%˜*+E˝AB+2& %˜A((,B,˘ ,/@,= 7/$
@=C/%)˝˘/˝˘6%˘6%\'@E, 2˜D
2E%˜/˜;#&72%.)˜, =/˝˘6(1()/)&+˝\'2%. !E,,,,˝,( !! -)8\')@ 21./TDUE( =/E/.%˘\'˘=˘1(,˘˚,#,,\"1,˝,, (-/<(# (˝/˘*+:()2%.)˘˘(!
, (7 -( :˘(˝(2(˜D-)-2%˜ 0,˚,B, :B˜( ! %7# ˘˘=B ˘˘%7# ˘˘=B˘˜#,(,!
, *+:1()2%./E-.)%\' (˝/\' (!
2%. 2%˜(02(˜/((()\'#1.˚˜(\'/ /E(1˜-˚)˘1˜172%. (;#:7,,P,/,, (=(˘\':717 !˚˜ (. !(7 -(!
(˝@=%.)/˘3 2%.0˘(˘%\'(˚.=˘˘(˘ ˘61˝,
2%.B+C))˘ (˘˘*+ )2%./ ˘ (,!
, D˝2%˜˘B+@/
6)(( ,),, =@˚\"˝˘) D<B + (˝(-/ (5,,,F,2%,˜, )#=B\'%=12%˜1,+,,1,,\'2,%,˜, %˜-˜-=#-@\'&@/@\'&@1)-),, 72%.-˜-E(/B\'%=.2<(,#,%,=6*,,+, ))/5#)@ -˜-=\' /*+ )2%. #, ,(,!
, E;˜(%0˘(%=%\'^&(/,,˘,
,\' ,(,˝, /E+˚-1.˚( %2%˜D1˜ 1(L,,)2*,,+,,,, -E)-2%˜4.-\')*+B2%.%\'>
˝˙ ,.,˘, >(E˘\'2%.) -TDU˚( %./5(?@4,˜,,, 21.D2-6%˜E+˚(!-)/ -,,,,E,),-, (*+72%.Y#˚(-)4,,˜, ,˚,),˘, *+7˚(%) ˜˘4˜E)--\',),B,,˚,,(,!, ()2-1˜(:˘5@)Y#-6/˚)˘/-\')B -1(). ˝#-62-6˙Iˇd˙%˜E,,G,#,(,,˘,,-,&,( )/˚ (/˘4-. +@=/˚(%\'˚(%)(˘, %)(-\')5B˝*+ +-1(I˘˘G#(
˘621.%. 4˜=()?@˝B˘(-&(˚˜˘,E,, 2%˜ ˜˘/1.\'/*+,7,%,˜,(%,,@,& %˘.()˝\'˚+$ %\'/˘
\' (˝/?=()2%.@= #, ,(,!
, %˜˚˜%=<
#/ +?=I@(E-,,),,\' -5%.-&˘˚˜%=˝(2%˜D?\'4˘@(A˘2,(, 2(˘6*+%.%˘) =(?\'˘\'?@%\'1˘2%.˘@-A ))B@2%.˘@ ?@\"(2%˜,˜,X,. /.2%./?\'˘\'?@%\'*+˘(˘@,,˜,,, XEB&I?\'˘@2%.˘@˜6%˜-6 %=
˝=.
B&2%.˚\' /K
˘=/ ?
\')2%.7 ,,,˜,#, ,(,!
, %L() D+˜(2˜ )˘+˝˘+,E,-,+ 2%. $E+@E/ - .A;
2*+%˜9˘<%\'@ (K0@=@&2˘P˝˘%./)=/ /;0N) *+(=6%L()6+ ^
#˘B ˜LB 9ˇd /B˘TDU0˘˘1(˘˚B ,,˝,,, 1,˝,, ^
#˘*+)21./G;E( )@/$˘,)$,1,(,) (<-62%˜D5<--L&-2%˜/˘(@& ,, (˝@=1Q;!˚(\' 2%.%E,-, E(-@Z()2%˜B =˘1,˝,, )˘ )˘/\' //LB (˝,/,,,˘,*,,+,
%.)/0((E\'1-. )( 12%˜/(!,) ?˘E˚(E%˜ - =˚(5-;K\'2%. /0˜1˘P ˚. (˝B˚)˘(˝ 1˘K;))@ +(L
˝˘7˘ )-˘-˘*+1 (˝/˘*+($
1\'2%,./0,˜,,1,, %\'(( \'-˘2%.DK9\'6A˘2(˘%˜2%./, \'˚˘2%˜DK9\'A˘2(˘%. !%\'˘˝2%.,& (!*+)))/(#\'%\'>˘)2,(,&,,+%,.>, /˚&˚#3˚˝˘<˘BK˘\'2%.>˘˘˝2%,.,,, . !(˝˘+/$+((/()<˘BEB !/=
)=@&, (<˘B1\"(˜)66)-!/˝˘+,,),,&,(,˝, (-˝(˝@=A +(
K-()2%. *+(!
2%.˚(\'˘%& L˘6 (,!
, D57-521˜/?(-I/1)7,,,.1,(,)2%,./,, %˜-
˘621˜621˜D 57-5˝21˜ +21,,˜, />>˝˘9\'21. %. %.)/ 1.A5,,7,- ,+? #)/(%-3
˜\'%-K^& !-I:(˚˘( .9+-(. ˜˘/$(˘:B(TDU9.&G 1˜2%.
˜/=˘˘,!@,&,,B,,,\',, >>˝˘1˘1\'&2%.1.,)AD@,=5,,7,-,2 ,-, .D%FA*+2%˜AD%K+@=%˝-˝-1(A;,2,1,,˜, *+5( (!
?@21˜ -172%.5(,,(,-,,,5-,= )@)/4/˝(2%˜D4 <&>˘*+ )2%˜?˘ ˘˚. ˘1,˝,, :\'6LE-7%\'=1.7.-.%=)!) -:172%.(˝@=/\'˝B˚˜%= >˘&>˘*+\'2%.!)˚\'/˚˝\'=((˚,˝,,\' )2%.@=%)(2 #( 1˜/1˝\'.(1()2%.*˘BG. &˚\'˝.)˚\'˝.*˘B ˝˘%˝\'>˘&*,,+, (:V˜(=)*˘B>˘&1˝˘+-/^˚!! %.)/˚˜%=˛(˛˘K˛(() 1˘%(1˘˚˜˘ \',1,(,˘˚,˝,,%,˘,+ ,(,-,!
,˙Iˇe .˘*+)2%.(B˘%˜%\' (,!
,21,,./0,˜,, \'2%.˝ -˚˘
12%.K˘ \'%,,,,(,˘%, 1.A72%˜/*+9(%˜)/7%˜%\' %˜2%.% -˘
2%˜E%-5-
˘ (B/ ˝ -˚
˘, %˝#/77.-
˘1. (˘/,,,, ,,=/*,,+, \'/72%.E=B-TDU-#˝+/ (,˘C,(/˚˘
,,,B,˝, \'/5@7: 2%.\'E((%)%/1,.˚˘
, (
)5(9-P2%.@-*,+,, %.)/(˝6^-@/9 1˘˘-˜/˘*+1&˘˝˘˘,˝,, ,(,!
,
1()2%.+(C%=/&-˚˝˘
\' 0,˜,, -E
./;\'+˚˝˘/+(,! ,(,,7,,. / +%7/˝˘+)AE)(˚!!(2%.1()˚˝./˚˝˘/˚,#,3 @=(˝/V˜(˝2%.1()-)2%./˚(\'˘ !$˘%& L˘ (,!
, %˜/˘)2%.$!)1)1()2%./˘*,+, @=2.0˜1˘/E(˝/H(#@,&,2%,./5,,,,˘, 6/2˘6%˜2%..)/%((B˝/E,,,. (˘&(\'2%.(>=( ˜˘2%.A˘E-
.6/˘(,1,˝, +((-&%\'(172%.˚(˘G-#%˘.5@/V,,&,. 2%.%.)/&˘)+(2%˜V&.5 (.(,-CTDU1˜˘.?(-(2%˜(˝2(˜D,),!
, 2%.%.)/)%.?@=2%.A%˝#-6/*+2(˜ )˘˘5 /*+ --^&(<#-2%.\'&)/(,˝,\', @=( /1(˘TDUC E/ (-!
2%./*+1&˘˝ ,(,!
, TDU(B ()( ˚(%)C1()2˘ (˝/ & %,.2%,. (˜˘)/ +˘@&b (˘+1f (,,@,E,/,,E, &6\'&˘*+1˘)2%.%.)/=(/ ˜-,,( .C@)
˚&˘0˜1˘G-%˘.*+1 (˝/ -)8\')@ =/$˜˘;\'˘*+)2%. (\' (,!
, \'@/6-˝(.(K?@)(K&6/˜˘,, 2(1˜%.)/˝ &-(˜˘B(˝˘-/+@&9, @=2%˜*+1˝2%.˙9ˇe˙˝(2%.D\'˝@=1,(1, *+ (!
()/E- ()/(K @,=,˜,˘, $+E()8>˘\'1&.˜˘12%. )
()2(&+%.+8>%))-6B(/8>%) 9+--E.E%%1\'@ 2%.0˜˘˘*+1&˘˝˘˘˝,,1,˝,, (304˘@)/-
/E& (˝/:˘\'21. - (-,!
, \'^&˜(-(˘(*+)21.\'&,,&,,, -&˚& )/˚˝˘TDU6>3˚!!(( /*+@-)/> (!
2%.˚(\' 61˝,, A*+2%˜1\'%=%\'*+\'2%./,,˘, ,(,˝, (/62%.D))()%˝2%.(( \',-,,,%,, 1\'&2%.62%.@/59K-%˝2*+%˜G#9 1:((@/L.L 1@/˚˜(+ ,/,=,( $\'E(+-(-%˘\'1/2%.*,,+,G,,2%,.$
> (\"2%.%.)/$ >%=9=\'&˚˜%=8>#2%.A˚6 %&2%. 2%./˝˘%˝ (!
2%.?˘ ˘˚. ,,˘ ,(,!
, $\'+*+\'2%.)@:7,,*,,+,:,1,\',& 1,(,)
1˜2%.˚\' 7*+ !()E((#B˜/˚,V,\',( /$\'+9B-2%˜E˘B(*+ (2%.=\'$\',+,9,,B E)#>3 5@2%.(˝@=/=-65( 7˘) 6˚˜,#, ,(,!
, /˝˘ (˝/*+>(/ ˚&˘/172%.0˘(˘ ˜, 2%.˘*+(=@((7,,,,,˘,=2,(,%,,˜, ((7.(< ˘(1()2%˜,˘,*,,+,1,˝,,, E((#&2%./˘L&@ (˝/H(6˚\'(˜/$,˘, %\'=&
+(E(%˜
<B9(\'(˝,˜, (˘E((˝2%.˘>)˝-= (˝/()-/>),˝, 6E(%˜˘L&-@#)6b=21.),(,˝,@,= @6˘) )˘*+ - (-!
2%˜0˜˘˘˝1 /&-+@b@@)%.)/!)%˝(>%
, 7/!)\' (˝)?˘E˚(1() 21. (˝, -&P (˘\'˝+˘\' %%,,, )65-( 7/);%,,,˜,, L-20(%.-4%˝\';\'˝\'%&(
!
˝,˜, 57˘%˝\'
˘\'2%.)@ (,˝,/,,3,,;, /˚˘--˘ I2%˜D57-1(@=˘. (˘2 1˜ ),˘,-%.)/)(6>6&6˚˜%& &65@˝˘:\' E-%˘.0˜1˘G-˚( (//*+$,(,)@,. & /?˘˘L˝ NB \'˘˘,,˘,˙Iˇc ((> = > /$˘=,\",,)$
,0,˜,), )-6b=2%..˚\'V. E(,,),-,˜,,B %E-˘!)\"#)2%.%.)/@E˘,,K,-,+, ,˜, /K(/<+:\' /,,,/,-,,(,,6,E,-,˘,, -5@˘TDU(1((\"/$
%)/E(%B1˝\', -#-6˚˝\' -˚5-2($
E%.?˘˘*+ Q
(˘P,˝,˘1,˝,, P˝˘˘1\'˚B 172%. ((%\'()5\'(, ,7, 2%.5@0˜1˘˘*+(15@ ((9\',˝,,=6 .E(1˝.1()/1\'/ ˘Lg-1()˚B .,,,˘?,(,1,(,) 1˝2˚B 1˜ ((%\'?(/?\' 1˝˜
,1,\'1, .= / ((Q
I(?\'1˜D56(-/15( 9\'˝?\' -)-/=˘1\'62%˜A5;)1E.2%˜,1,7, )/0N5()-((%=1(1()/C@)C@)2%. ,(,,(, 21.<#-@=2*+ %.5@)\'.<#-6@=,1,,˜,2%,.%,. =(E\"E-+6 (!$
17 !(170˜1,,˘,$h,,(1,,7, !˚:\' 1˝˜/ ˘˝%˝21./$>1,,
1\'L.˘*+@/17/ +˜ P, 2 ˘˜%./5\'1\'&2%˜D(==:(-21˜1,,, /
(1.5@1˘\' -< 5(V&+ %.˜,/5 2%.0˘(˘=6/ E\'˘˘F3˘=˘˘61˝,, )2%.D%)21˜1V&+?˘,,˘,*,,+, (˝@=/&% ?˘˘˘˙I )7$
˚)˘\'(6\'˘L˝)$
0˜1,˘,˘), $
0˜1˘˘1.2%.9˜ :.;)/$;!)$,,, 2 %˜/ ˝B˜/& %\')!)B˜/B˜,^,&1,(,)TDU (@& 1()/(!)B˜(1()2%.621,˜,DB,˜,, ,5,-,+,( <#-2%.#(˘&=)/˛˜#˝B0&%)>˘&,B /?@ 2%.(%) ˜˘)()-,,(,,7,,=,( ,(( %.)/.˘-\'˙ ?@ ˜˘)?@/(-) C@)%˝#-62 %˜˝˝ + #( ,,),. D@) )/1.6P˝˘&)/(()%\'2?(%˝ ,(,!
, /˚˜K=\'/E-˘-$K˚+.˘*,+,,= % *+ %˜2%.E\'˘˝,\',,7, ,,) .0(2 #( 1˜2%.>˘& -+0#@=@&2 4-$;, D>˘&(%=21˜˚9P˝˘1\'),),,˜,,3 (B0#@=@&/+˝-˘*+21˜˝(2E7˝˘ % /-˘1\'!;˘@&/L3?(2%˜ +5() 1˜3.))1˜17-2%. ,-,+,P,/
2%,. #3 (BA%˝-2%\' %˜62%˜D>˘&5(%=2E,7,˝,˘1,,(, / -+P5%.(2 %˜*+1\'/0#-B,,,,˘,) (#&-1( *+ ˝ 72%.E˘˘?˘ *+,1,˝,, \'&.61()/9B\'/ > ˝)˚), \'&.6?/˘*+1˜%.)/F ;,\', ;\' %
@*+9.(˙IˆJi 7\"B &˝9 ,,,, -2%˜%
@*+1˝2%˜ ˘ ˘˘)>˘1˝2%,. 1@/9+˝%)-+(%)-;8>˘
-1()$˜˘ ,1,(,) -˝)(1)˚
> ;˝2%˜!)B\'5)(,. ,˘,)2%,˜, 5-%2%.%˚2%
@*+%˜B@= ()˝*+ 9B-E-+2 %˜ ˘K%\' (˜, (&+1˜ L. (˝\' \' /˚˜%
@*+>˘,&
(&+)%.)/˝(\'3,˘
,\',.2%,˜,/5,@%,\' G#>˘&˚˜(.(&+1.1˝@,)/?@,E,, ($>9BE 2%.)+%
@*+9 ˜ ˘˚. ˘*+ (! TDU;˘\'@=@%˘˚1\'&2˚,,,%
@*,,+, ,%,. P(1) 5-1.2%˜/%
@*+˚)˘()@/ ˘*,+, ,%,. -˚˝\'%)0˜ E) *+)2%˜?+˘˘%;˘˘0˘˝,˘1,˝,, C.@)/-:-(6Q:)6˝,%,˜,!,.%
@ /E
)/-:6C˜?@)/ (˝@= (˘˝(˘˘L˘˘6,,˜,#,1,˝,, %)((+/˘˘\'˝B˘\'%
@*+(˚,,,,(,-,˘2%,˜, () -1()/!)˘
((6/˘˘ (˘B- #(1(),˝,B (˝B)2 %˜A(%)6˘ (*+)2 #( 1˜? %)/59B6 7.1-+.1()2%.˚.*+ (!
2%˜-/1˝.2%. ()-65(1/-6A;2 %˜,, (!
2%˜-˝ (˘%%˘.*+1˘ ,(,˘1,!,˝, 1()/1˚7%˘.+7P.*+)2%.˚,.˘,!, ]˘2%˜%.)/+@= -7 (˘6(2%˜( ,), 75-0˜$>%7%
@*+$>2%.(&,+ 1,˝,, $>
˘%-5@1..2%˜5@-,(,&,,+,˘1,˝,,-,\'
,, \'6%
+#>\'6/˜BE#,>,\',/,&6 2%˜ 7 #1˝(˝@=/˚,!;,!, =%.2-=E (->(\'
..-˝˘%
@*,+,1, The Cited Tales of the Wondrous Doings of the Shaykhs of the Holy Land
Languages in Contact in the Latin East: Acre and Cyprus
The Levantine French in Frankish States
Pope Pius II’s Letter to Sultan Mehmed II: a Reexamination
REVIEWS
Contents
Guidelines for Submission of Papers
Addresses: